Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
280
9=6HA6C :C:G AHIG .6E E6C6H N6C B6HJ : GJ6C IJG7C C 9B6HJ6C : 96A6B DC9:CH6IDG H:=C6 7:GJ76= B:C?69 6G
:BJ96C9EDBE6:B76AB:B6HJGJ6CI:G6HG:6IDG66C- 9:C6C HHI:B 0+ 9IJC?J6C E696 +
2. Bom Nuklir
C96E6HIHJ96=H:GCB:C9:C6GHIA6=7DB6IDB6I6J7DBCJAG DBCJAGB:GJE66C7DBN6CB:CJC66C:C:G96GI:C66CJAG
DB CJAG I:G9G 6I6H 9J6 B686B N6IJ 7DB ;H CJAG 96C 7DB ;JH CJAG
DB ;H CJAG B:B6C;66I6C :C:G H6C6I 7:H6G N6C 9A:E6H6C H:HJ96= G:6H E:B7:A6=6C CI 6=6C 766G N6C 9JC66C 696A6=
JG6CJB .
6I6J EAJIDCJB J
.G6CJB 96E6I 9I:BJ6C 9 6A6B I:I6E EAJIDCJB =6CN6 96E6I 9E:GDA:= 96G G:6H ;H 9 I:G6H
G:6IDG CJAG
GCHE:G?67DB;H=6BEGH6B69:C6C-6=6C766G7:GJE6 .
6I6J J
B:B7:A6= B:C?69 7:7:G6E6 CI 7:7:G6E6 C:JIGDC
96CH:?JBA6=:C:G6GG:6HE:B7:A6=6CCN6I96I:G:C96A76=6C 766G I:GH:7JI =6GJH 7:G696 96A6B B6HH6 GIH N6IJ B6HH6 BCBJB
N6CB:CN:7676CG:6HI6I:G:C96A6B6HH676=6C766G976L6= B6HH6 GIH ?JBA6= C:JIGDC N6C 7D8DG A:7= 76CN6 96G C:JIGDC N6C
B:B7:A6= 96EJC 96A6B B6HH6 GIH G:6H E:B7:A6=6C 96E6I I:G?69 H:86G6 H:G:CI6 GICN6 L6IJ ?:96 6CI6G G:6H =6CN6 7:GDG9:
BGD9:I 6I6J BA9:I 76I G:6H E:B7:A6=6C N6C H:G:CI6 C :C:G N6C 9A:E6H6C 96E6I I:G6JBJA6H
:I6 I:G?69 A:966C H:766C 7:H6G :C:G N6C 9=6HA6C 7:GJE6:C:GC:I,:A6CIJ9=6HA6C?J6G696HE6C6HA6I6C
86=6N6 96C :BH G69D6I; 6I6 I:CI6C 96=HN6ICN6 :J6I6C 7DB ;H CJAG C I:GA=6I ?:A6H 9 DI6 GDHB6 96C 66H6 :E6C
3. Radioisotop
a. Pembuatan Radioisotop
, HDIDEN6CI96HI67A
H:A6AJ B:B6C86G6C HC6GHC6G G69D6I; JCIJ B:C?69 HDIDEHDIDE HI67A 696 JBJBCN6 G69D6I; N6C 9JC66C 96A6B 7:G766
Gambar 10.28
Bagan PLTN dengan sistem BWR
Tantangan
untuk Anda
Mengapa molekul dari uranium U–235 lebih cepat bergerak
daripada molekul U–238 pada suhu yang sama?
Tugas Anda 10.2
Apakah Anda pernah mendengar tragedi Chernobyl? Chernobyl
merupakan pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir di Ukraina yang
mengalami kebocoran. Carilah informasi dari berbagai sumber,
mengapa kebocoran ini bisa terjadi?
Kata Kunci
• reaktor nuklir • reaktor daya
• reaktor produksi isotop • reaktor penelitian
• sistem PWR • sistem BWR
Sumber: Conceptual Physics, 1998
reaktor air mendidih
uap
turbin generator
pemindah panas
pompa kondensator
transformator jaringan distribusi
tenaga listrik
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:E:GAJ6C I96 I:GH:96 9 6A6B 6G:C6 L6IJ E6GJ= 96G CJA96 6I; HJ6IJG69D6I;I96I:GA6AJA6B6A:=6G:C6IJG69DHDIDEI:GH:7JI
=6GJH 97J6I 96G CJA96 HI67A 6A6B6= 9:C6C G:6H CI 6G6 N6C 76CN6 9E66 696A6= 9:C6C B:C:B76 CI HI67A 9:C6C E6GI:A
C:JIGDC DCID= G69DHDIDE 7J6I6C JH6I :C:AI6C -:C66 JAG -696A6=
6 G
-896C
b. Penggunaan Radioisotop
:CJC66C G69DHDIDE 6CI6G6 A6C H:766 7:GJI
+ , .1,, C9DC:H6 696C -:C66 JAG 6HDC6A - H:766
A:B766 E:C:AI6C I:A6= B:A6J6C E:C:AI6C 96A6B 796C E:GI6C6C 9:C6C I:CDAD BJI6H G696H JI6H G696H 9JC66C JCIJ
B:C96E6I6C I6C6B6C 9:C6C K6G:I6H 76GJ N6C JCJA + , ,201
6A6B 796C C9JHIG G69DHDIDE 9JC66C JCIJ B:CJJG :I:76A6C B6I:G6A N6C 9=6HA6C DA:= HJ6IJ E67G H6ACN6 G696H
HC6G 7:I6 9JC66C JCIJ B:C6IJG :I:76A6C :GI6H 9 E67G :GI6H 96C HC6G 6BB6 9JC66C JCIJ B:C6IJG :I:76A6C 76?6
C9DC:H6G69DHDIDEI:A6=9JC66C96A6BI:CEDAB:GH6HG696H H6ACN696A6BKJA6CH6HA6I:H6A6B96CE:A6EH6CE:GBJ66C6NJ
+ , -- 6A6B796C=9GDADG69DHDIDE9JC66CJCIJB:CJJGA6?J
6AG6C 6I6J 9:7I 6AG6C ;AJ96 96A6B EE6 H6AJG6C I:G7J6 HJC6 H:GI6 6G 96A6B I6C6= +69DHDIDE 96E6I ?J6 9JC66C JCIJ B:C9:I:H
:7D8DG6C EE6 E:CN6AJG N6C 9I6C6B 9 96A6B I6C6= + , -1,
676C ABJ :9DI:G6C N6C B:B6C;66I6C :ADB76C :A:IGDB6C:I E:C9: H:E:GI HC6G 9H:7JI G69DAD +69DAD
9B6C;66I6C JCIJ B:CJC?6C 96CDHH E:CN6I 6A6B 9JC6 :9DI:G6C CJAG EGCHE G69DAD 9B6C;66I6C
9:C6C B:B66 HDIDE G69D6I; N6C 9HJCI6C : 96A6B IJ7J= :BJ96CHDIDEI:GH:7JI9I6C6EDA:=9:I:IDG9AJ6GIJ7J=H:=C6
9E:GDA:= 6B76G6C N6C B:CJC?J6C 9HIG7JHCN6 9 96A6B IJ7J= ,:766 8DCID= JCIJ B:C:I6=J A:I6 E:CN:BEI6C E:B7JAJ= 96G6=
E696 E:C9:GI6 E:CN6I E:CN:BEI6C E:B7JAJ= 96G6= 9JC66C G69DHDIDE C6IGJB :BJ96C ?:?6 G69D6I; I:GH:7JI 9GJCJI 9:C6C
B:CJC66C E:C8686= ::G :I6 E:CN:BEI6C E:B7JAJ= 96G6= 9IJC?J6C 9:C6C I:G=:CICN6 6AG6C C6IGJB
,:A6C 9JC66C JCIJ B:C96CDHH E:CN6I G69DHDIDE ?J6 9JC66C JCIJ I:G6E G696H -:G6E G696H 696A6= 86G6 E:CD76I6C
9:C6C B:B66 G696H -:G6E H:E:GI C 76H6CN6 9JC66C 96A6B E:CD76I6C6C:G:B7:G6CI:G6E96E6IB:CN:B7J=6CB:CJG6C
:?6A6 6I6J B:C8:6= E:CN:76G6C 6C:G 7:G6CIJC E696 ?:CH 96C HI69JB 6C:G
+ , .-1-
,:A6C96A6B796C796CN6CI:A6=9H:7JI6C96I6HG69DHDIDE ?J69JC66CJCIJB:C:CIJ6CJBJG76IJ6C;DHA96C7:C967:C96
EJG766A6 :C:CIJ6C JBJG B:BA E:G6C6C E:CIC 6CI6G6 A6C JCIJ B:C:I6=J JBJG ;DHA 96G B6H6 G7J6C I6=JC N6C A6AJ .CIJ
B:C:CIJ6C JBJG ;DHA 9JC66C G69DHDIDE 6G7DC N6C 76H6 9H:7JI G69D6G7DC
Kedua tangan ini memegang sebongkah uranium–235. Isotop dari
uranium yang digunakan sebagai bahan dalam reaktor nuklir. Uranium
merupakan salah satu logam berat, sebongkah kecil uranium ini
massanya 4,5 kg dan harganya lebih dari 200.000 dolar. Sebelum
memegang uranium, tangan harus dilindungi dengan sarung tangan
khusus.
This two hand hold a slab of Uranium-235. It is uranium isotop
used as material in nuclear reactor. Uranium is one of the heavy metal,
that small uranium slab weights 4,5 kg and the price is more than 200.000
dollars. Before holding uranium, hands must be covered by a special
handgloves.
Informasi
untuk Anda
Tugas Anda 10.3
Carilah foto-foto tentang kondisi kota dan warga Hiroshima dan
Nagasaki setelah pengeboman oleh Amerika Serikat. Diskusikanlah
bersama teman sekelas Anda tentang dampak negatif bom atom.
Diskusikan juga apakah ada dampak positif dari bom atom.
Information for You
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282
HDIDE6G7DC6A6B6==6CN6B:BACDBDGB6HH66IDBI:I6E G69D6G7DCB:BACDBDGB6HH6HDIDECI:G7:CIJ96A6BE696
A6EH6C 6IBDH;:G JB 766C 6I6H ,C6G DHB 96G 6C6H6 AJ6G B:C67G66IDB6IDB96IBDH;:G766C6I6H76ICN666CI:G7:76H6C
:A:IGDCEGDIDCC:JIGDC96CE6GI:AA6C66IDBCIGD:CB:C6C6E C:JIGDC IJ 6IDB CIGD:C 66C 7:GJ76= B:C?69 6IDB H6B7A
B:A:E6H6C EGDIDC +69D6G7DC C 7:G696 9 6IBDH;:G H:766 6G7DC 9DH96 DIDHCI:HH B:CN:7676C B6HJ : 96A6B IJB7J=6C
H:=C6 E696 6=GCN6 H:AJGJ= B6=AJ =9JE 66C B:C6C9JC G69D6G7DC ,:A6C I:GJHB:C:GJH I:G7:CIJ ?J6 66C I:GJH
B:C:GJH B:C=A6C 6G:C6 B:AJGJ=
6A6B B6=AJ =9JE N6C HJ96= B6I 696G G69D6G7DC 66C 7:GJG6C I:GJH 6G:C6 B:AJGJ= ,:I6E
I6=JC 6IDB6IDB
G69D6G7DC IJ IC6A H:E6GJ= :CN6I66C C B:GJE66C 96H6G E:C:I6E6C JBJG ;DHA N6C E:GI6B6 6A 9:B76C6C DA:=
5 E696 6C
DCID= E:C6C6A6C 9:C6C B:CJC66C HDIDE 6G7DC 696A6= E:C6C6A6C JH6 H:7J6= JAJC6C E:G6B:C N6C 9I:BJ6C 9 H:7J6=
J696JI6I
Gambar 10.29
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Gambar 10.30
Karbon dapat digunakan untuk menentukan usia
sebuah gulungan perkamen yang ditemukan di sebuah
gua di Laut Mati.
:GC6=6= C96 B:C9:C6G 6I6J B:B7686 I:CI6C IJ696A6=E:G?6C?6CI:CI6CE:B76I6H6CE:CN:76G6C96CE:CJG6C6C
7DBCJAG99JC66GA6=C;DGB6H96G7:G766HJB7:GI:CI6CE:G?6C?6C I:GH:7JI:6G6B6C6H6?66=N6CI:GB6HJC:6G67:G:J6I6CCJAGJ6IA6=
IJAH6C96GC;DGB6HN6CC9696E6I6CJBEJA6CIJAH6CI:GH:7JI:E696 JGJ C96 -JAH6C N6C E6AC 76JH 66C 9EG:H:CI6H6C DA:= HHL6 N6C
7:GH6CJI6C99:E6C:A6H
Mari Mencari Tahu Tantangan
untuk Anda
Apakah radioisotop yang disuntikkan ke dalam tubuh pasien
untuk mendiagnosis penyakit, membahayakan pasien itu sendiri?
Sumber: Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 2000
Sumber: Fundamental of Physics, 2001
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Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas
283
Tes Kompetensi Subbab
D
,. 221, ,:7JI6C?:CH?:CHG:6IDG7:G96H6G6C:JC66CCN6
:A6H6CEGDH:HE:GJ76=6C:C:GE696-9:C6C HHI:B0+H6BE69=6HA6CCN6:C:GAHIG
:A6H6C E:CJC66C G69DHDIDE 96A6B 796C :9DI:G6C
,:7JI6C766C766CJI6B696GH:7J6=G:6IDG CJAG
:A6H6C;JCH96G 6
BD9:G6IDG 7
76I6C:C96A 8
E:GH6
Rangkuman
CI 6IDB I:G9G 6I6H EGDIDC 96C C:JIGDC :9J6 E6GI:AE:CNJHJCCIC9H:7JICJA:DCGDIDC
7:GBJ6I6C EDHI; H:96C6C C:JIGDC I96 7:GBJ6I6CAHIG
.CIJB:B7:G6CHE:H;6HI:G=696EDBEDHHCI 9JC66CHIA6=CJA96N6C9CN6I66C9:C6C
CDI6H 1 9:C6C1?:CHJCHJGCDBDG
B6HH63CDBDG6IDB?JBA6=C:JIGDCS3 GDH:H=A6CCN6H:766CB6HH6C:JIGDCB:C?69
:C:G6ICI9H:7JI9:;:B6HH6GDH:HCI:G?69 E696E:B7:CIJ6CH:BJ6CJA96
C:G 6I CI 7:AJB 96E6I B:C6B76G6C :HI67A6CCJA96:HI67A6CCJA969E:C6GJ=
DA:=:C:G6IG6I6G6I6E:GCJA:DC -:G96E6II6B686BE:B6C86G6C96GJCHJGG69JB
N6IJ E:B6C86G6C 6A;6 E:B6C86G6C 7:I6 96C E:B6C86G6C6BB6
06IJE:CJ= 696A6=L6IJN6C97JIJ=6C
H:?JBA6=JCHJGG69D6I;JCIJB:AJGJ=B:C?69 H:I:C6=?JBA6=H:BJA6
6A6BG:6HCI7:GA6JJJB::6A6CDBDG IDB96CDBDG6HH6H:GI6JJB::6A6C
C:G96CDB:CIJB +:6H ;JH 696A6= 7:G67JCCN6 9J6 CI GC6C
B:B7:CIJ H:7J6= CI A:7= 7:G6I H6B7A B:B7:76H6C:C:GH6C6I7:H6G
+:6H;H696A6=G:6HE:B7:A6=6CHJ6IJCI7:G6I :I69I:B76DA:=E6GI:A7:G:C:GICN6C
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+:6IDG CJAG 696A6= I:BE6I I:G?69CN6 G:6H 7:G6CI6N6CB:C6CJI;HCJAGN6CI:G:C96A
DBEDC:C96H6GG:6IDGCJAG696A6=I:G6HG:6IDG :A:B:C 76=6C 766G BD9:G6IDG 76I6C :C96A
96CE:C9CC DBCJAGI:G9G6I6H9J6B686BN6IJ7DB;H
CJAG96C7DB;JHCJAGDB;JHCJAGB:B6C ;66I6C:C:GH6C6I7:H6GN6C9A:E6H6CH:HJ96=
G:6HE:B7:A6=6CCI6I6:96=HN6I6CCN6I:GA=6I 9DI6GDH=B696C66H6:E6C
+69DHDIDE696A6=HDIDEHDIDEN6CI96HI67A +69DHDIDE9JC66C96A6BI:CDADBJI6HG696H
I:C EDAB:GH6H G696H I:CDAD E:C9:I:H :7D8DG6CI:CDADG69DADI:CDADE:C:CIJ
JBJGHJ6IJ76=6C96CA6CA6C
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B:B76=6H
B:B76=6H B:B76=6H
B:B76=6H
766C766CCN6 B:B76=6H
Peta Konsep
0,1, -1310
CIIDB +69D6IKI6H
+:6HCI +:6IDGJAGDB
JAG96C+69DHDIDE
6GI:A :CNJHJCCI
B:B76=6H
HDIDE HD76G
HDIDC
,I67AI6HCIIDB
7:GA6J ?6
R CI+C6C R CI:G6I
R 96C7:G?JBA6= :C6E
C:G6ICI :CH,C6G+69D6I;
,C6GA;6 ,C6G:I6
,C6G 6BB6
06IJ6GJ=
:G:I+69D6I; -=DGJB
:EIJCJB .G6CJB
ICJB
A6I:C9:I:H +69D6IKI6H
BJAHABDIG:I :C8686= ::GJAA:G
6B6G67JI0AHDC ,CIA6IDG
+:6H:G6CI6 +:6HH
+:6HJH +:6IDGJAG
-:G6HG:6IDG:A:B:C 76=6C766GBD9:G6
IDG76I6C:C96A E:C9CC
DBH 96CDBJH
+69DHDIDE
:JC66CCN6
R -:CDADBJI6H G696H
R :CJJG :I:76A6C76=6C
R :C9:I:H :7D8DG6CEE6
R +69DAD
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, tentu Anda telah memahami bagian-bagian penyusunan inti dan
bagaimana pengaruh rekayasa penyusun inti tersebut. Anda juga tentu telah memahami mengenai
radioaktivitas dan peluruhan serta perhitungan- perhitungan yang ada di dalamnya. Dari keseluruhan
materi yang ada pada bab ini, bagian mana yang menurut
Refleksi
Anda sulit dipahami? Coba Anda diskusikan dengan teman atau guru Fisika Anda.
Banyak sekali manfaat mempelajari Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas. Salah satunya adalah dibangunnya PLTN
yang hemat bahan bakar. Coba Anda cari manfaat lain mempelajari bab ini. Diskusikan hasilnya bersama teman-
teman Anda.
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Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas
285
Tes Kompetensi Bab 10
00124 ,5,., , ,:7J6=6IDB
.
B:BA 6
:A:IGDCEGDIDC96CC:JIGDC 7
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:A:IGDC
EGDIDC96CC:JIGDC 6HAHJ6IJE:AJGJ=6CCIG69D6I;696A6=HC6G6A;6
HC6G6BB696CCI
+C
CIC9JCN6696A6= 6
D
9
G
7
+6
:
8
8
+C
,:HJ96=?6BH:E:G:C6B7:A6H766CHJ6IJJCHJG G69D6I;B6H=7:GH;6IG69D6I;06IJE6GJ=JCHJG
I:GH:7JI696A6= 6
B:CI 9
B:CI 7
B:CI :
B:CI 8
B:CI 6A6BG:6HCI6IDBI967:GA6J
6 JJB::6A6CC:G
7 JJB::6A6C6HH6IDB
8 JJB::6A6CDB:CIJB
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: JJB::6A6CC:GC:I
.
B:AJGJ=B:C?69HDIDEIB76A
7
DA:=:BH E6GI:A6A;696CDA:=:BH:A:IGDCH:76CN6
6 9
7 :
8 6GEGDH:HEGDH:H7:GJIN6CB:GJE66C8DCID=96G
E:GHIL6;JH696A6= 6
E:B7:CIJ6C=:AJB96G=9GD:C 7
E:B7:CIJ6C6G96G=9GD:C96CDH:C 8
E:B7:CIJ6C76GJB96GGEIDC96CJG6CJB 9
E:B7:CIJ6CIB76A96GG69JBDA:=E:AJGJ=6C G69D6I;
: E:B7:CIJ6CDH:C96GC6IGJBN6C9I:B76
9:C6CE6GI:A6A;6 :G96H6G6CG6;E:AJGJ=6C7:GJICB66?JBA6=
O6IG69DI;H:I:A6=?6B696A6= 6
7 8
9 :
696H66IE:AJGJ 9I:B766C:E6966IDB
9=6HA6CEGDIDC9:C6CG:6H 1
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6 96C
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.
B:CJIE:GH6B66C C
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.
96C HB6
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6 HB6
9 HB6
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HB66B6HH6EGDIDC
N N
1 2
N 2 0
3 0 4 0 t
menit
4
E
5
HB6B6HH6C:JIGDC4
C
5 HB696CHB6
::C:G6ICI
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: 9
: 7
: :
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N6CE6ACJ6I696A6= 6
6A;67:I696C6BB6 7
6BB66A;696C7:I6 8
7:I66A;696C6BB6 9
6A;66BB696C7:I6 :
6BB67:I696C6A;6 IKI6H HDIDE G69D6I; N6C 76GJ 9I:BJ6C
7:GJG6CB:C?6996G=6G66L6ACN696A6BH:A6C L6IJ
?6B06IJE6GJ=HDIDEIJ696A6=
6 ?6B
9 ?6B
7 ?6B
: ?6B
8 ?6B
,J6IJ JCHJG G69D6I; B:AJGJ= 96C IC6A ?JBA6=CN6H:I:A6=
B:CI6BJA6BJA6B6HH6
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G6BH:I:A6=H:I:C6=?6BB:AJGJ= B6HH6JCHJGN6C7:AJBB:AJGJ=IC6A
6 G6B
9 G6B
7 G6B
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
286
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287
Proyek
Semester 2
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
288
Tes Kompetensi Fisika
Semester 2
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Tes Kompetensi Fisika Semester 2
289
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
290
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IJCB6HH6IDI6AE6GI:AE:B7:CIJCI6IDB 7
IJC 9:;: B6HH6 :I6 E6GI:A I:GH:7JI 7:GH6IJB:B7:CIJH:7J6=6IDBDH:C
8 IJC:C:G6ICIDH:C
9 IJC:C:G6IG6I6G6I6E:GCJA:DC
:G6E66=:C:GN6C97:76H6C96A6BE:AJGJ=6C HEDCI6C
234 92
.N6CB:7=6HA6CHC6G B6HH6
234 92
. HB6
-=
HB6 HB6
:G=6I6CG6;7:GJIC
5 0 100
1 0 t hari
N gram
-:CIJ6C 6
I:I6E6CE:AJGJ=6C 7
B6HH6O6IN6CIC6AH:I:A6=
=6G96A6B G6B
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291
Tes Kompetensi Akhir
00124 ,5,.,1.1,,. 221, :GD96 96C ;G:J:CH H:7J6= :ADB76C N6C
B:G6B76I 9:C6C :8:E6I6C B H 96C E6C?6C :ADB76CCN6
8B696A6=
6 H96C
O 9
H96C
O 7
H96C
O : H96CO
8 H96C
O
,:7J6=:ADB76C7:G?6A6CB:B:CJ=E:GH6B66C ,
HC S
+9:C6C+96C,96A6B8B
96C96A6BH:DCG:J:CH96CE6C?6C:ADB76C I:GH:7JI696A6=
6 O96C8B 9
O96C8B 7
O96C8B :
O96C
8B 8
O96C
8B ,:7J6= :G:I6 6E 7:G:G6 B:CC6A6C HI6HJC
6B7G9:C6C:8:E6I6C
B ?6B6E:C6L6H :G:I6 6E N6C 696 9 HI6HJC B:B7JCN6C EAJI
9:C6C;G:J:CH
O96C:8:E6I6CE:G6B76I6C 7JCN9J96G6
B HB66;G:J:CH7JCNEAJIN6C
99:C6GDA:=E:C6L6HN6C696996A6B:G:I66E 696A6=
6
O 9
O 7
O :
O 8
O J67J6=I6AN6CH6B6E6C?6CCN69I6GDA:=6N6
E:G:C6CCN6N6CH6B66HH6I6AE:GI6B66A B6HH6 I6A :9J6 -6A E:GI6B6 9:I6G6C 9:C6C
;G:J:CH
OH:96C6CI6A:9J69:I6G6C 9:C6C;G:J:CH
O6E6C?6C:ADB76CE696
I6AE:GI6B68BB66E6C?6C:ADB76CE696I6A :9J6696A6=
6
8B 9
8B 7
8B :
8B 8
8B ,J6IJ7:G6H86=6N6BDCDGDB6IHH:I:A6=B:A6AJ
H:E6H6C8:A6=H:BEIN6C?6G6CN6
BBB:B7:CIJ EDA6CI:G;:G:CHE696A6N6GN6C?6G6CN6
B96G
8:A6=I6A6?6G66CI6G66GH:A6E:9J6:EJH6I EDA6
BBB66E6C?6C:ADB76C86=6N6I:GH:7JI
696A6= 6
V
S
B 9
V
S
B 7
V
S
B :
V
S
B 8
V
S
B 696H:7J6=A6EH6CIEHI:G?69CI:G;:G:CHB6HBJB
:I69HC6GDA:=86=6N69:C6CE6C?6C:ADB76C P69:I6=JC9:H76HA6EH6CIEHI:GH:7JI
B66I:76AA6EH6CIEHI:GH:7JI696A6= 6
P 9
P 7
P :
P 8
P ,:7:G6H HC6G BDCDGDB6I 9:C6C E6C?6C
:ADB76CV
S
B96I6CI:6AJGJHE696H 6HE:IGJBDG9::9J6B:B7:CIJHJ9JIQ9:C6C
6GHCDGB6AE696HB66?JBA6=6GHH:I6E8BH 696A6=
6 9
7 :
8 ,J9JIEDA6GH6HB:BEJCN6I6C:CN6CH6B67:H6G
9:C6CC9:H76HO6I:GCN6I66CC9H:7JIJJB 6
,C:AAJH 9
G:HC:A 7
:LIDC :
G:LHI:G 8
JN:C 06GC67JCN6I6JIB7G:N6C9=6HA6CDA:=HJ6IJ
HJB7:G9I:CIJ6CDA:= 6
ICC696 7
7:CIJ:ADB76C 8
6BEAIJ9D:ADB76C 9
;G:J:CH:ADB76C :
C696C696=6GBDC :GJI696A6=E:GCN6I66CN6C7:C6GB:C:C67JCN
96C86=6N6 6
:9J6CN6696A6=:?6A6:ADB76C 7
86=6N6 696A6= :ADB76C :A:IGDB6C:I H:96C6C7JCN696A6=:ADB76CB:6C
8 86=6N6696A6=:ADB76CIG6CHK:GH6AH:96C6C
7JCN696A6=:ADB76CADCIJ9C6A 9
86=6N696E6II:GEDA6GH6HH:96C6C7JCNI96 96E6II:GEDA6GH6H
: 86=6N6 =6CN6 B:G6B76I E696 GJ6C =6BE6
H:96C6C7JCN=6CN6B:G6B76IE696B:9JB ,:JI6HI6AE6C?6C
B9:I6G6CIG6CHK:GH6A6?J
G6B76I:ADB76CIG6CHK:GH6AE696I6AI:GH:7JI
B H 66N6I:6C6CE696I6AI:GH:7JIB66B6HH6
I6A696A6= 6
9 7
: 8
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
292
6H:7J6=EE6DG6C6I:G7J69IJE=C6IB7JA C6966I6H:9J6B6696A6BEE666CI:G7:CIJ
6 E:GJI96C
HBEJA
7 E:GJI96CHBEJA
8 E:GJI96C
HBEJA
9 E:GJI96CHBEJA
: E:GJI96CHBEJA
6GI:A7:GB6HH696C7:GBJ6I6C7:G:G696A6B B:96C E6GI:A A6C N6C 96B 96C 7:GBJ6I6C
:GCN6I66CN6C7:C6GJCIJE6GI:AI:GH:7JI696A6= 6
6N6N6CB:C6G6=:EJH6IBJ6I6C696A6= 6N6H:CIG6A
7 :C:GEDI:CH6ACN6I:I6E
8 :C:GC:ICN6I:I6E
9 6N6N6C7::G?67J6C6N6DCH:GK6I;
: 6N6DJADB7N6CI:G?69H:7:H6G
DA696C7DA6B6HCB6HC7:GBJ6I6C
8DJADB7 96C
8DJADB76G6:9J6EJH6I7DA6
B:I:G6
:9J67DA6I:GA:I69J96G6B66:C:GEDI:CH6A7DA6 696A6=
6 V
?DJA: 7
V ?DJA:
8 V
?DJA: 9
V ?DJA:
: V
?DJA: ,6IJ6CJ6IB:96CAHIG96E6I9CN6I66C96A6B
6 C:LIDC8DJADB7
7 ?DJA: C:LIDC
8 8DJADB7 KDAI
9 KDAIB:I:G
: KDAI B:I:G
B66E6HIDGB6HCB6HCB:BEJCN66E6HI6H 9HJHJCH:E:GIE6966B76G6E6HI6H6E6HIDGN6C
96E6I B:C6CI6C G6C66C 6E6HIDG I:GH:7JI 696A6=
6 7
8 9
: J6 6L6I N6C H6C6I E6C?6C 9E6H6C K:GI6A
H:?6?6G 9:C6C ?6G6 6L6I E:GI6B6 96AG 6GJH H:7:H6G
:6I6H-I96A6B796C:9J66L6I
IJI:GA:I696CI6G6CN696C7:G?6G6
96G6L6I E:GI6B66C9JHB6C:I9IIH6B69:C6C
CDA6GJHN6CB:C6AG96A6B6L6I:9J6696A6= 6
:76L6= 9
:6I6H 7
:76L6= :
:76L6= 8
:6I6H ,:7J6=HDA:CD96N6CE6C?6CCN6 I:G9G6I6H
AAI6C ,DA:CD96 IJ 96AG 6GJH AHIG
H:=C6 B:B76CI6CC9JHB6C:I9HJ6IJII9
I:C6=HDA:CD96C96E6I9CN6I66C9:C6C
6 9
7 :
8 :H6G6N6N6C96A6BH:JI6H6L6IAJGJH7:G6GJHAHIG
996A6BHJ6IJB:96CB6C:IN6CH:G76H6B6I96 7:G6CIJCE696
6 EDHH6L6I996A6BB:96CB6C:I
7 E6C?6C6L6I
8 =6B76I6C6L6I
9 J6I6GJHCN6
: J6IB:96CB6C:ICN6
6969J67J6=6L6IH:?6?6GN6CB6HCB6HC96AG 6GJHAHIGN6CH6B67:H6GIB7JA6N6N6C7:H6GCN6
V
S
C:LIDC6G66CI6G6:9J66L6IIJB:I:G :H6G6GJH96A6BH:I6E6L6I696A6=
6 6BE:G:
9 6BE:G:
7 6BE:G:
: 6BE:G:
8 6BE:G:
+6C66C6L6I+,I:GA:I696A6BB:96CB6C:I N6CJ6IB:96CCN6
L:7:G B
96C6G6=CN6B6HJ 796C:GI6HH:E:GIE6966B76G7:GJI
A66L6I9:H:G:6C6C9:C6C:8:E6I6C B H6N6:G6AHIGC9JHN6CI:G?69696A6=
6 KDAI9:C6C6G6=96G:
7 KDAI9:C6C6G6=96G:
8 KDAI9:C6C6G6=96G:
9 KDAI9:C6C6G6=96G:
: KDAI9:C6C6G6=96G:
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
C
5
P
S Q
R A
B 50 cm
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Tes Kompetensi Akhir
293
,:7J6=JBE6G6CHDA:CD96B:BEJCN6C9JI6CH B:H6GAC9JH9GN6C976CI6C96A6B
JBE6G6CIJ?6696E:GJ76=6C6GJHAHIG96G BB:C?69
B96A6BL6IJ
9:IH:86G6
7:G6IJG6CH6B69:C6C 6
B 9
7 B
: 8
;H:CHH:7J6=IG6CH;DGB6IDG696A6=
6AC7:G6GI 6
J6I6GJHE696JBE6G6CEGB:G7:G76C9CJ6I 6GJHE696JBE6G6CH:JC9:G
7 I:6C6C E696 JBE6G6C EGB:G 7:G76C9C
I:6C6CE696JBE6G6CH:JC9:G 8
?JBA6=AAI6CJBE6G6CEGB:G7:G76C9C?JBA6= AAI6CE696JBE6G6CH:JC9:G
9 96N6E696JBE6G6CEGB:G7:G76C9C9:C6C
96N6E696JBE6G6CH:JC9:G :
=6B76I6C E696 JBE6G6C EGB:G 7:G76C9C =6B76I6CE696JBE6G6CH:JC9:G
66E6HIDGC9JH96CI6=6C6C9E6H6C H:86G6H:GB66;G:J:CHG:HDC6CHG6C66C96E6I
9IJGJC6C9:C6C 6
B:C:8A6C 7
B:B7:H6G6C 8
B:C:8A6C 9
B:B7:H6G6C I:6C6C E696 J?JCJ?JC G6C66C
: B:C:8A6C6GJH96A6BG6C66C
6I:I6E6CA6C8V
S
?DJA:9:I:8:E6I6C 86=6N6
V
B H96CE6C?6C:ADB76C86=6N6 PB66:C:G;DIDC86=6N6IJ696A6=
6 V
S
?DJA: 7
V
S
?DJA: 8
V
S
?DJA: 9
V
S
?DJA: :
V
S
?DJA: 6A6B E:GHIL6 :;: ;DIDAHIG :C:G C:I
;DID:A:IGDC7:G76C9C 6
I:G76A9:C6C6BEAIJ9D86=6N6N6C9JC66C 7
AJGJH9:C6C;G:J:CH86=6N6N6C9JC66C 8
I:G76A9:C6C;G:J:CH86=6N6N6C9JC66C 9
AJGJH9:C6CCI:CHI6H86=6N6N6C9JC66C :
I:G76A9:C6CCI:CHI6H86=6N6N6C9JC66C DCHI6CI6A6C8
V
S
H,:7J6=E6GI:A 7:GB6HH6 V
S
7:G:G6 9:C6C :8:E6I6CV
B HB66E6C?6C:ADB76C 9:GDA:CN6696A6=
6 V
S
CB 9
CB 7
V
S
CB :
V CB
8 CB
6G=6HAE:G8D766CDBEIDC:;:DBEIDC996E6I 76=L6
6 86=6N6B:GJE66C:ADB76C:A:IGDB6C:I
7 86=6N6B:CNBE6C996A6BB:96CB6C:I
8 86=6N6B:CNBE6C996A6BB:96CAHIG
9 86=6N6 B:BEJCN6 BDB:CIJB 96C 7:GH;6I
H:E:GIE6GI:A :
86=6N6 B:BEJCN6 BJ6I6C 96C 7:GH;6I G69D6I;
:GCN6I66CN6CB:CN6I66C76=L6T6IDBI:GHJHJC H:E:GIHJHJC6CI6I6HJGN6UB:GJE66CE:GCN6I66CN6C
9:BJ66CDA:= 6
:BDGIJH 9
+JI=:G;DG9 7
6AIDC :
D=G 8
-=DBHDC 6
-= B:B6C86G6CHC6G B66CDBDGB6HH6
96CCDBDG6IDBCIN6C9=6HA6C696A6= 6
96C 9
96C 7
96C :
96C 8
96C 6:C:GIDI6A:A:IGDC6IDB9JAI696A6=S
B66:C:GIDI6A:A:IGDC9JAI696A6= 6
9 7
: 8
A6:A:IGDC6IDB=9GD:C7:GEC96=96GACI6H6C :ACI6H6CB6666C9E6C86G6C;DIDC
6DCHI6CI6+J97:G
V BB66E6C?6C
:ADB76C;DIDCN6C9E6C86G6CCN6696A6= 6
V
S
B 9
V
S
B 7
V
S
B :
V
S
B 8
V
S
B ,:I6E9:I9B6I6=6GI:G?69E:GJ76=6CV
B6I:GB:C?69:C:GG696HA6A6?J86=6N696A6B K6JB696A6=
V
8B H96N6N6C9E6C86G6C B6I6=6G696A6=
6 V
L6II 9
V L6II
7 V
L6II :
V L6II
8 V
L6II DHIJA6ICHI:CN6C7:C6G696A6=
6 B6HH67:C96I96DCHI6C
7 L6IJ96B96CL6IJ7:G:G6I96H6B6
8 E6C?6C96B96CE6C?6C7:G:G6I96H6B6
9 :8:E6I6C86=6N696A6BK6JBN6C9E6C86G6C
DA:=HJB7:G96B96CHJB7:G7:G:G6696A6= H6B6
: H:BJ6=JJBH6696A6=I96H6B6JCIJ
H:AJGJ=:G6C668J6CN6CA:B76B ,6IJ G6B B6HH6 7:GJ76= B:C?69 :C:G C:G
I:GH:7JI9JC66CJCIJB:C6C6I6GH:IC B6
B H
V B H6GN6C96E6I
96C6I696A6=H:76CN6 6
V B
9 V
B 7
V B
: V
B 8
V B
DIUNDUH DARI: WWW.BUKUPAKET.COM Sumber buku bse.kemdikbud.go.id
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII
294
,:7J6=GD:IE6C?6C
B:I:G96C7:G6I
IDC B:CC6A6C JB 9:C6C :8:E6I6C B:C9:6I
:8:E6I6C86=6N6:CJGJII:DGG:A6IKI6HCHI:C 96E6I9:BJ66CDA:=DG6CJB76=L6
6 B6HH6GD:I
IDCE6C?6CGD:I
B:I:G
7 B6HH6GD:I
IDCE6C?6CGD:I
B:I:G
8 B6HH6GD:I
IDCE6C?6CGD:I
B:I:G
9 B6HH6GD:I
IDCE6C?6CGD:I
B:I:G
: B6HH696CE6C?6CGD:II:I6E
IDB 6 B:BEJCN6
6 EGDIDC:A:IGDC96CC:JIGDC
7 EGDIDC:A:IGDC96CC:JIGDC
8 EGDIDC:A:IGDC96CC:JIGDC
9 EGDIDC:A:IGDC96CC:JIGDC
: EGDIDC:A:IGDC96CC:JIGDC
6HH6CI
:
96C B6HCB6HC
HB6
96C
HB66HB6
:B66:C:G BCBJBN6C9E:GAJ6CJCIJB:B:86=E6GI:A
6AE=6B:C?699J69:JIGDC696A6= 6
: 9
: 7
: :
: 8
: 6HJ6IJC:JIGDC96A6BHJ6IJCI7:GJ76=B:C?69
EGDIDCB66CIIJB:B6C86G6C 6
E6GI:A6AE=6 7
E6GI:A7:I6 8
E6GI:A6BB6 9
EGDIDC :
9:JIGDC ,J6IJJCHJGG69D6I;B:BEJCN6L6IJE6GJ=
9:IA6B6HH676=6CG69D6I;H:BJA6G6BB66 H:I:A6=B:CI76=6CN6CI:GIC6A696A6=
6 G6B
9 G6B
7 G6B
: G6B
8 G6B
4 .1,5, 21,,1.1 696E:G8D766C:A9:9JC66CH:JI6H7:C6CN6C
E6C?6CCN6B96CB6HH6CN6
G6B67:76CN6C 9JC66CE696E:G8D766CIJ
G6B
B H
I:CIJ6CA6=:8:E6I6C:ADB76CIG6CHK:GH6AE696 7:C6CI:GH:7JI
J6:A6HBCJB96A6BCN6H6B6N6IJ
8B :A6H N6CH6IJ9H6G
96C96I6HCN69HBCN6
=C6E:CJ=6:9J6:A6H9HC6G I:6 AJGJH E:GBJ66C 96G 6I6H 9:C6C HC6G
BDCDGDB6I?JBA6=:ADB76CHC6G996A6B:9J6 :A6HH6B6IJCA6=I:76AA6EH6CBCN6
,J6IJ HJB7:G 7JCN II 9:C6C 96N6 L6II B:B6C86G6C :ADB76C 7JCN 7:GJE6 :ADB76C
H;:GH 7DA6 CI:CHI6H 6B76C E:C9:C6G6C H6B6 9:C6C
S
0 B -:CIJ6CI6G6;CI:CHI6H7JCN
N6C99:C6GDA:=E:C9:C6GN6C7:G?6G6
B:I:G 96GHJB7:G
,:7J6= 6E6HIDG B:BEJCN6 6E6HI6H H:7:H6G BGD;6G69 6 I:G96E6I J96G6 9 6CI6G6 :EC
:ECCN696C
BGD;6G69696CI6G6:EC :ECCN69I:BE6I6CA:B76G6CEDGH:A:CI:CIJ6C
I:I6E6C9:A:IGEDGH:A:CI:GH:7JI
,:7J6=E6GI:AN6C7:GBJ6I6C 7:G:G696A6B
B:96CB6C:I=DBD:C
S
-6:8:E6I6C E6GI:AI:6AJGJH9:C6CB:96CB6C:ICN696C
ACI6H6CE6GI:A7:GJE6AC6G6C7:G?6G?6G
8B I:CIJ6C7:H6GCN6BDB:CIJBE6GI:AI:GH:7JI
6GG6C66CAHIG7DA676AH:E:GIE6966B76G 9:I6=J
96C 6
I:6C6C:C:G6IDG
I:CIJ6CA6= 6
96N6E696G6C66C
L6II 7
7:96EDI:CH6A6CI6G696C KDAI
D6BN6CB:BA:C:G6B76CH:7:H6G
V
S
?DJA: 9HC6G :ADB76C :A:IGDB6C:I N6C B:BEJCN6;G:J:CHV
B H96C:8:E6I6C 86=6N69J96G6
V
B H96CDCHI6CI6A6C8 V
S
H-:CIJ6CA6= 6
E6C?6C :ADB76C :A:IGDB6C:I N6C B:CN76GAD6B
7 :8:E6I6C:A:IGDCN6CI:GA:E6H96GAD6B
8 :C:G;DID:A:IGDCN6CI:GA:E6H96GAD6B
9 ;G:J:CHBCBJB:ADB76C:A:IGDB6C:I
66G:A:IGDCI:GA:E6H96GAD6B ,J6IJ7:G6H:A:IGDC9I6B76=6CE6966H=9GD:C
9=6HA6C E:B6C86G6C HE:IGJB N6C 7:G6H6A 96G IG6CHH
::6966C6:C:G6I:A:IGDC
E696IC6I96H6GH6B69:C6C
8I:CIJ6CA6= :C:GBCBJB:A:IGDC
6A6BG:6H 19A:E6H6CH:?JBA6=
:C:G696E:GH6B66CG:6HI:GH:7JII:CIJ6CJCHJG 6E66=1
,:7J6= E6GI:A 7:G:G6 9:C6C A6?J 9:C6C:8:E6I6C86=6N66
:C:G96B B6HH67:G:G6
:C:GC:I96C :C:G96B-:CIJ6C
6 =J7JC6C6CI6G6B6HH696B96CB6HH67:G:G6
E6GI:A 7
=J7JC6C6CI6G6:C:G96B96C:C:G7:G:G6 E6GI:A
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295 Bab 1 Gejala Gelombang
Tes Kompetensi Awal 7A?4393633:97F3D3K39?7D3?43F
7;E97A?439 3
47D63E3D=3 EG?47DK3 97A?439 ?7=3;= 63
97A?43977=FDA?397F;= 4
47D63E3D=33D3:E;?B39397A?439FD3EH7DE363
97A?439A9;FG6;3
Tes Kompetensi Subbab A 7D63E3D=3 EG?47DK3 6;4763=3 ?736; 97A?439
?7=3;=6397A?43977=FDA?397F;=GFG=B773E3 ;:3F3
7D63E3D=33D3:97F3DK36;4763=3?736;
97A?439 FD3EH7DE3 63 97A?439 A9;FG6;3 GFG= B773E3;:3F3
O 3D7377D9;K3?3=;3G:63D;EG?47D?3=;47D=GD39 O 3D73=7633?33GF?3=;B767=
3
B79GD39377D9;K33633: 4
77D9;97A?439K3?736;
3F3G
=3;77D9; 3I3K3
Tes Kompetensi Subbab B 3
E;
O 4
?
5
7F3=E;?BG=7 3633:.
? 7F3=B7DGF=7 3633:.?
3
?
4
.
? ??
?
. ?
Tes Kompetensi Subbab C
5? N
3 L
4 L
3 L
4 L
5 L
Tes Kompetensi Bab 1 A. Pilihan Ganda
6 5
3 5
5 4
5 6
3 6
5 5
3
B. Soal uraian 63