Method of The Study Unit of Analysis

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CHAPTER II THE CONCEPT OF LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL COHESION

A. Previous Researches

This research is not only one that discusses lexical and grammatical cohesion because the writer found five previous studies in State Islamic University Jakarta. The first research is by Abdul Rohim in 2009, in the thesis entitled Cohesion An alysis on The Jakarta Post’s Editorial. His data analysis technique adopted a library study and quantitative analysis. The result of this research showed that cohesion devices both the grammatical and lexical had the highest and lowest occurrence, the cohesion through the grammatical cohesive which had the highest occurrence was reference item especially personal reference. Substitution did not influence the cohesiveness of the text because its absence was changed by the other agency, reference. In the lexical cohesion, he found some repetition words stretched across several sentences in every text of the Jakarta Post‟s editorial and it was the highest occurrence. 7 The second research is by Nurul Laili Mariani Fadjrin, entitled An Analysis of Grammatical and Lexical Cohesion of Journalistic Text in Online Media VoAnews.com in 2011. This thesis studied the journalistic texts in online media to know the dominant cohesion devices are used and to know the cohesiveness degree of cohesion markers. She used Halliday and Hasan‟s theory about 7 Abdul Rohman, Cohesion Analysis on The Jakarta Post’s Editorial, Thesis, Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2010, not published cohesion. The result of the research was that all kinds of grammatical and lexical cohesion devices utilized in the journalistic texts which she analyzed. They are reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction as grammatical cohesion device, while repetition, synonym, near-synonym, superordinate, general word, and collocation as lexical cohesion device. But generally lexical cohesion devices are very rarely utilized in the text, except repetition. 8 The third research is entitled References As Cohesion Marker in Alice in Wonderland Script Movie by Cut Rosa Meilisa in 2012. Her object study is to find the reference types which are used within the script of Alice in Wonderland movie which was aired in 2010. She used Halliday and Hasan‟s theory; it is reference in grammatical cohesion. the patterns of reference types used in the script are personal references personal pronouns and possessive adjectives, demonstrative references this and that function either as head or modifier; demonstrative adverb here, there, now, and then; definite article the. And comparative references general comparison: as soon as, as happy as; and particular comparison: better, smaller, eldest. 9 The next research is by Piccesius Yunki Pradana, entitled Cohesion Devices Use in News of Goal.com in 2012. He discussed the using of cohesion devices on editorial news of Goal.com to find out the kind of cohesion devices in the editorial news of Goal.com. He described some theories of cohesion, including theory of Halliday and Hasan. The result of the research was that he found that implementation of cohesion devices and its distance contributes to the unity. 8 Nurul Laili Mariani Fadjrin, An Analysis of Grammatical and Lexical Cohesion of Journalistic Text in Online Media VoAnews.com, Thesis, Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2011, not published 9 Cur Rosa Meilisa, References as Cohesion Marker in Alice Wonderland Script Movie, Thesis, Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2012, not published