41
E. Data Collection Techniques
1. Observation
Observation is a data collection technique which is carried out by conducting direct observation toward the research object and systematically
recording the things being observed Suharsimi Arikunto, 2008:30. Observation is a method of data collection which is done deliberately
by way of directly observing the object to be studied, namely students. Observations, in this study, are carried out with the aims of collecting the
data on the students Accounting learning activities during the teaching and learning process by making use of Cooperative Learning Model of
Snowball Throwing
Type. 2. Questionnaire
According to Sugiyono 2012: 199 questionnaire is a data collection technique which is done by giving a set of questions or written statements to
be answered by some respondents. This questionnaire used to obtain data on students’ Accounting learning activities. By making use of the
questionnaire in this study, the Accounting Learning Activity data can be obtained directly from the research, in this case are the students.
Questionnaire in this study is in the form of statements used to determine students opinions about the use of
Snowball Throwing
method in improving the students’ Accounting learning activities.
F. Research Instruments 1. Observation Guidelines
42 Observation is a data collection technique which is carried out by
conducting direct observation toward the research object and systematically recording the things being observed Suharsimi Arikunto, 2008:30.
Observations conducted require written guidance that includes the indicators that will be observed. Based on the indicators that have been
previously set, the aspects observed are
:
Table 1. Observation Guidelines on Students’ Learning Activities
2. Questionnaire Questionnaire in this study is in the form of statements used to
determine students opinions about the use of
Snowball Throwing
method in improving the students’ Accounting learning activities.The researcher gives
scoring of each indicator that will be observed using a Likert scale of four alternative answers
—Those are strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree.
No. Indicators
Number
1. Reading and understanding the learning materials
1 2.
Taking notes of materials given 2
3. Listening the teacher’s explanation and to group
discussion 3
4. Actively asking about the learning materials which are
not yet understood 4
5. Doing the assignment case independently
5 6.
Helping other students who have difficulties in understanding the learning materials
6 7.
Enthusiasm to work together in group 7
8. Responding to other students’ opinions during class
discussion 8
9. Actively participate in group works with the
implementation of cooperative learning model type Snowball Throwing
9
43 Guidelines used in preparing for questionnaire on students learning
activities: Table 2. The Framework of Learning Activities Guidelines
No. Indicators
Items Total
1. Reading and understanding the learning
materials 1,2
2 2. Taking notes of materials given
3,4 2
3. Listening the teacher’s explanation and to
group discussion 5,6,7
3 4.
Actively asking about the learning materials which are not yet understood
8,9,10 3
5 Doing the assignment case independently 11,12,13
3 6.
Helping other
students who
have difficulties in understanding the learning
materials 14,15,16
3 7. Enthusiasm to work together in group
17,18,19,20 4
8. Responding to other students’ opinions
during class discussion 21,22,23
3 9.
Actively participate in group works with the implementation of cooperative learning
model type Snowball Throwing 24,25
2 Total
25 : Negative Statements
Have been modified from : Tri Jayanti Rumana Ambarwati 2012 Questionnaires filled out by the respondents will be assessed with the
scoring rules as follows: Tabel 3. Scores of the Alternative Answers
Alternative Answers Scores
Positive Statements Negative Statements
Strongly Agree 4
1 Agree
3 2
Disagree 2
3 Strongly Disagree
1 4
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