4.3.7 Putting emphasis on the importance of a request
If the speaker wants to emphasize the importance of a request, he might choose to use -murocon ‘really’. This morpheme is often used in connection with the inference marker -cari and together they are part of
the evidentiality system expressing mirativity surprise. It can be attached to a variety of word classes. It is similar to -comun ‘indeed’’please’, yet a bit more forceful. The two do not appear together.
121 ¡Hiya -murocon yohi-yu, jochi
me -really tell -F.VOC older.brother
‘Really tell me what is going on, older brother’ 122 ¡Vu
-murocon -xanh-can-pu, mai
come.PL -really -IMP -PL -M.VOC ATTN.GETTER ‘Hey, you all make sure to come soon’
4.3.8 Indirect commands first person singular and plural
Indirect imperatives can refer to first person singular or plural and third person singular or plural. They are expressed through the morpheme -non ‘hortative singular’ or -non -vo ‘hortative plus plural’. Indirect
imperatives can be independent sentences or imbedded in direct commands or declarative sentences. Indirect imperatives expressing first person singular or plural often carry the morpheme -hin ‘for
sure’ which follows -non ‘hortative’. In first person singular a further morpheme, -yun ‘saying to oneself’, at times follows -non -hin. At times the pronoun non ‘weus’ is used sentence initially in the first plural
indirect imperative. See example 127. 123 ¡Ca-yoo
-tan -non -hin go -IMM.ACN-ahead-HORT-for.sure
‘Now I am going ahead for sure.’ 124 ¡Hun vacu hiin-xanhni
-mun ca-yoo -tan -non -hin
-yun my
child see -PURPSSITR-TH go-IMM.ACN-ahead-HORT -for.sure-saying.to.oneself ‘I am telling myself to go ahead immediately to see my child for sure.’
125 ¡Hi-cara -hqui hiin-yoo -non -hin
be -INFER-ACT see -IMM.ACN-HORT -for.sure ‘I am going immediately to see for sure what actually might have happened.’ Lit.: ‘What actually
might have happened, to see immediately for sure I am going’. 126 —Hiya-n zapato hinan-non,
pino vunu -xahin
-non- nu, I-ERG
shoes give -HORT hummingbird marry-INDEF.FUT-HORT -DECL quin
-mun chaxo jato yohi -ni -xo
-hnu. NONSQSSTR-TH
deer them sit -REM.PAST -3PAST -DECL ‘ “Let me give the shoes so the hummingbird will marry,” said the deer.’
127 ¡Non mucaa -non -murocon, vu
-can-pu we
have.fun-HORTPURP.DS -really come.PL-PL -M.VOC
‘Come, let’s really have fun’
128 —¡Hiya-comun hinan-xanh -pu, huna copi -quin hinan-non,
me-indeed give -IMP -M.VOC mine pay -INF give -HORTPURPDS
quin -quiha
hinan xahu
yohi-ni -xo
-hqui. SEQSSTR-REPORT jaguar.ERG anteater say -REM.PAST -3PAST -DECL
‘ “Indeed, give it the tunic to me, in order to give you mine in payment,” said the jaguar to the anteater a long time ago.’ or ‘for me to give you mine to pay…’
129 ¡Miya vutza tari hinan-non -murocon min hiya you
other tunic give -HORT-really you me
hinan-xanh -quinh -non
nashi-yoo -non -hin
-pu give -IMP -in.exchange-HORTPURPDS bathe-IMM.ACN -HORT -for.sure-M.VOC
‘Really, let me give you another tunic so that you give me yours in exchange, but first let us go bathing for sure’
As the above examples show, the exact meaning generally depends on the context. The examples marked with will be discussed in Section 4.4.
While considering direct imperatives, we noticed that ti ‘encouragement’ is an alternative for the common or familiar commands softening the command to an encouragement. We used it in singular and
plural constructions. As we will see now, it can also be used in first person indirect imperatives. In this case, however, the speaker addresses either himself plus one addressee, which is considered the singular
form, or himself plus several addressees, which is considered the plural form. It should be noted here that Amahuaca in general does not distinguish between first person singular and plural. The speakers
always use the singular form whether they mean ‘I’ or ‘we’. As in direct commands, ti ‘encouragement’ is used in independent imperative clauses. However unlike in direct commands, in which these commands
end in the vocative, in indirect imperatives they terminate in -non -ca ‘hortatative plus first or second person actuality aspect’ or -non -vo -ca ‘hortative plus plural plus first or second person actuality aspect’.
130 a. ¡Ti quirica ha-non -ca
b. ¡Ti quirica ha-non -vo -ca
ENCOUR paper do-HORT -12ACT ENCOUR paper do-HORT -PL -12ACT
‘Come, let’s go to study’ ‘Come, let’s all go to study’
131 a. ¡Ti yono-non -ca
b. ¡Ti yono-non -vo -ca
ENCOUR work-HORT-12ACT ENCOUR work-HORT -PL -12ACT
‘Come, let’s go to work’ ‘Come, let’s all go to work’
4.3.9 Third person singular and plural indirect imperatives
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