KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan
Dari hasil pembahasan dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut :
1. Geobiokomposit yang disintesis dari LPP, STKS (rasio LPP/STKS=8/2) dan clay yang meliputi kaolin dan haloisit dalam berbagai rasio konsentrasi, secara reaktif dengan penggandeng multifungsional AA yang telah digrafting dengan LPP membentuk LPP-g-AA, serta agen penyambung silang DVB secara proses larutan diperoleh komposisi optimum terhadap kemampuan hambat bakar pada konsentrasi penambahan clay 20% (w/w). Geobiokomposit LPP/DVB/LPP-g- AA/STKS/Kao (F2) dibandingkan dengan F1 dapat memperlambat time to ignition sebesar 171,56%, menurunkan kecepatan pembakaran 59,55% serta meningkatkan persentase HR sebesar 5,01%. Sedangkan LPP/DVB/LPP-g- AA/STKS/Hal (F3) dibandingkan F1 dapat memperlambat time to ignition sebesar 221,78%, menurunkan kecepatan pembakaran 63,64% serta meningkatkan persentase HR sebesar 5,20%
2. Geobiokomposit LPP/DVB/LPP-g-AA/STKS/Kao (F2) mengalami peningkatan kekuatan tarik, modulus young, energi serap dan kekuatan impak masing-masing sebesar 13,70%, 23,28%, 43,03%, dan 42,42% dibandingkan dengan F1. Sedangkan LPP/DVB/LPP-g-AA/STKS/Hal (F3) mengalami peningkatan kekuatan tarik, modulus young, energi serap dan kekuatan impak masing-masing sebesar 19,42%, 25,93%, 53,53%, dan 51,70% dibandingkan F1.
B. Saran
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas perlu dilakukan tindak lanjut yang disarankan untuk geobiokomposit yang dihasilkan sebagai berikut :
1. Analisis morfologi menggunakan SEM
2. Analisis degradasi panas menggunakan DTA
Anonim. 2009. Pemanfaatan Limbah Kelapa Sawit. http://id.shvoong.com/business-
management/entrepreneurship/1929400-pemanfaatan-limbah-sawit/ diakses tanggal 15 Juni 2010.
Abdullayev, E., Price, R., Chchukin, D., and Lvov, Y. 2009. Halloysite Tubes as
Nanocontainers for Anticorrosion Coating with Benzotriazole. Applied Materials & Interfaces . Vol 1. 7, 1437-1443
Achmadi, S. 2003. Kimia Organik : Suatu Kuliah Singkat. Edisi 11. Jakarta :
Erlangga. Terjemahan : Organic Chemistry : a short course. Hart, Harold ; Leslie E. Craine; and David J.Hart. 2003
Adriani, A. 2003. Penggunaan Alumina untuk Meningkatkan Stabilitas Termal dan
Nyala Poliblen Polipropilena dengan Bahan Pengisi Cangkang sawit. Tesis. Medan. Program Pasca Sarjana USU. 6-37
Aji, I. S., Sapuan, S.M., E.S. Zainudin., and K. Abdan. 2009. Kenaf Fibres as
Reinforcement for Polymeric Composites: a Review. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), Vol. 4, No. 3,pp 239-248
American Society for Testing and Materials D 635-97. 1998 . Standart Test Method
for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position 1 . Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol.8. 01.
American Society for Testing and Materials D 638-97. 1998 . Standart Test Method
for Tensile Properties of Plastics. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol.8.
01. American Society for Testing and Materials D 6110-97. 1998. Standart Test Methods
for Determining the Charpy Impact Resistance of Notched Specimens of Plastics. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol.8. 03.
Arunvisut, S., Phummanee, S., and Somwangthanaroj, A. 2007. Effect of Clay on
Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties of Blown Film LDPE/Clay Nanocomposites. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of
Clay Pada Komposit Nano Polipropilena-Clay Montmorillonit Dengan Pengkompatibel Polipropilena-G-Maleik Anhidirida. Makara Teknologi, Vol.
13, No. 1, 19-24. Bakri, R., Utari, T., And Sari, I.P. 2008. Kaolin Sebagai Sumber SiO 2 Untuk Pembuatan Katalis Ni/SiO 2 : Karakterisasi Dan Uji Katalis Pada Hidrogenasi Benzena Menjadi Sikloheksana. Makara, Sains, Volume 12, No. 1, 37-43. Barleany, D. A.,Hartono R., and Santoso. 2011. Pengaruh Komposit Montmorillonite
pada Pembuatan Polipropilen-Nanokomposit terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasannya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”. ISSN 1693-4393.
Terus Menggeliat.
http://bataviase.co.id/node/300123 . Diakses pada tanggal 6 Mei 2010 Bodirlau, R., and Teaca, C.A. 2007. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and
Thermal Analysis of Lignocellulose Fillers Treated with Organic Anhydrides. Rom. Journ. Phys. Vol. 54:93-104
Carlsson, M. 2005 . The Inter and Intramolecular Selectivity of The Carbonate
Radical Anion in Its Reaction with Lignin and Carbohydrates. Doctoral Thesis Kungliga Tekniska Hongkolan.Departement of Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry,Stockholm.
Ciullo, P.A. 2003. Kaolin Clay: Functional Optical Additives. Paint & Coatings
Industry Magazine: Norwalk, CT. Cocke, D.L., and Beall, G. 2011. Modification and Characterization of Nanotubular
Halloysite for Heterogeneous Catalytic Applications. 21 st National Annual Meeting, San Fransisco, California.
Darnoko., Guritno, P., A. Sugiharto., and S. Sugesty. 1995. Pulping of Oil Palm
Empty Fruit Bunches with Surfactant. Oil Palm Trunk and Other Palmwood. Pp 83-87
Delhom, C.C., White-Ghoorahoo, L.A., and S.S. Pang. 2010. Development and
Republik Indonesia Diharjo, Jamasri dan Firdaus F., 2007-2008. Rekayasa Panel Interior Kabin
Kendaraan Berkekuatan dan Ketahanan Nyala Api Tinggi Dari Bahan Komposit Hibrid Geopolimer (Limbah Fly Ash-Serat Gelas-Serat Kenaf- Polyester ). Program Insentif Riset Terapan, KNRT Republik Indionesia.
Du, M., Guo, B., and D. Jia. 2006. Thermal Stability And Flame Retardant Effects
Of Halloysite Nanotubes On Poly(Propylene). Elsevier. European Polymer Journal . 42: 1362-1369
Du, M., Guo, B., J. Wan., Q. Quliang., and D. Jia. 2010. Effects of Halloysite
Nanotubes on Kinetics and Activation Energy of Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Polypropylene. Springer. J Polym Res 17:109-118
Dudley H. W and I. Fleming. 1973. Spectroscopic in Organic Chemistry. 2nd
edition. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company (UK) Limited Dyson, R. W. 1998. Specialty Polymer. 2 nd edition. London, Blackie Academic and
Professional.35 Effendi, A. H. 2007. Natrium Silikat Sebagai Bahan Penghambat Api Aman
Lingkungan. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 8, No. 3 : 245-252. ISSN 1441- 318X
Evrianni, S. 2010. Reaksi Grafting Maleat Anhidrida Pada Polipropilena Dengan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida. Departemen Kimia, FMIPA USU Fessenden and Fessenden. 1998 . Kimia Organik . Jilid I. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta,
Erlangga. Gardolinski, J. E., Zamora, P. P., and F. Wypych. 1999. Preparation and
Characterization of a Kaolinite-1-methyl-2-Pyrrolidone Intercalation Compound. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 211:137-141.
Ghosh, Premamoy. 2011. Polymer Science and Technology Plastics, Rubber, Blends,
and Composites. 3th Eddition. Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited Gilman, J.W., Jackson, C.L., Morgan, A.B., and Harris Jr, R. 2000. Flammability
New York. John Wiley and Sons. 932-825 Hadi, Q., and Gunawan. 2011. Pengaruh Variasi Fraksi Volume Abu Terbang (Fly
Ash) Sebagai Penguat Al 6061 Matrix Composite Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Fisik Metal Matrix Composite Al 6061-Fly Ash. Seminar Nasional Tahunan Teknik Mesin (SNTTM) ke-9. ISBN : 978-602-97742-0-7.
HaiYun, M.A., PingAn, S., and F. ZhengPing. 2011. Flame Retardant Polymer
Nanocomposites: Development, Trend and Future Perspective. Science China Chemistry Vol.54, No.2:302-313
Handge, U.A., Hedicke-Höchstötter, K., and Altstädt, V. 2010. Composites of
Polyamide 6 and Silicate Nanotubes of The Mineral Halloysite: Influence of Molecular Weight on Thermal, Mechanical and Rheological Properties. Polymer
51, 2690-2699.
Hastomo, B. 2009. Analisis Pengaruh Sifat Mekanik Material Terhadap Distribusi
Tegangan Pada Proses Deep Drawing Produk End Cup Hub Body Maker dengan Menggunakan Software Abaqus 6.5-1. Skripsi. Jurusan Teknik Mesin. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Heradewi, 2007. Isolasi Lignin dari Lindi Hitam Proses Organosolv Serat tandan
Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Skripsi. Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Hyun, Y.H. 2002. Rheological Behavior of Biodegradable Polymer/Organoclay
Nanocomposites using Synthetic Aliphatic Polyester. Thesis. Department of Polymer Science & Engineering. Inha University. Korea
Horvath, E., et. al., 2003. Hydrazine-Hydrate Intercalated Halloysite Under
Controllerd-Rate Thermal Analysis Conditions. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , Vol 71, 707-714.
Hudiyanti, D. 2009. Pemadam Kebakaran dari Soda Kue, Apa Bisa?. http://
www.chem-is-try.org/tanya_pakar/pemadam-kebakaran-dari-soda-kue-apa- bisa/ diakses tanggal 3 Mei 2009 www.chem-is-try.org/tanya_pakar/pemadam-kebakaran-dari-soda-kue-apa- bisa/ diakses tanggal 3 Mei 2009
Hussain, M., Varley, R.J., Y.B. Cheng., and G.P. Simon. Investigation of Thermal
and Fire Performance of Novel Hybrid Geopolymer Composites. Journal of Materials Science
39: 4721-4726
Ilic, B.R., Mitrovic, A.A., and L. R. Ljiljana. 2010. Thermal Treatment of Kaolin
Clay to Obtain Metakaolin. Hem. Ind 64(4): 351-356 Ishak, Z. A. M., Kusmono., W.S. Chow., T. Takaechi., and Rochmadi. 2008. Effect
of Organoclay Modification on the Mechanical, Morphology, and Thermal Properties of Injection Molded Polyamide 6/Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. Proceedings of the Polymer Processing Society 24th Annual Meeting PPS 24, Salerno, Italy.
Kemp, William. 1987. Organic Spectroscopy. London. Mac Millan Publisher. Khalid, M., Salmiaton, A., C.T. Ratnam., and C. A. Luqman. 2008. Effect of
Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate (Tmpta) on the Mechanical Properties of Palm Fiber Empty Fruit Bunch and Cellulose Fiber Biocomposite. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 3, No. 2, pp 153 - 162
Kim, H.S., Yang H.S., and Kim H.J. 2005 . Biodegradability and Mechanical
Properties of Agro-Flour-Filled Polybutylene Succinate Biocomposite, Journal of Applied Polymer Science . Vol 97.
Kusmono. 2010. Studi Sifat Mekanik Dan Morfologi Nanokomposit Berbasis
Poliamid 6/Polipropilen/Clay. Seminar Nasional Tahunan Teknik Mesin (SNTTM) ke-, Palembang.
Dibalik Kemasan. http://www.kompoas.com/index.php/read/xml/2008/12/12/11412071/bahaya. di.balik.kemasan/plastik/ diakses pada tanggal 7 Mei 2010
Lagashetty, A and A. Venkataraman. 2005 . Polymer Nanocomposites . School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and
Microstucture, Tensile Properties, and Biodegradability of Aliphatic Polyester/Clay Nanocomposites. Polymer 43, 2495-2500.
Lee, J.H., Park, H.S., Lee, Y.S., Lee, Y.K., and Nam, J.D. 2003. Flame Retardancy
and Mechanical Property of Polypropylene/Nylon Nanocomposite Reinforced with Montmorillonite. Polymer (Korea), Vol 27. No.6, 576-582.
Lee, C.H.,Chien, A., Yen, M.H., and K.F Lin. 2008. Poly(methyl acryalate-co-
methyl methacrylate)/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Fabricated by Soap- Free Emulsion Polymerization. Springer. J Polym Res 15:331-336
Lubis, M.Y. 2009. Pembuatan Komposit Kayu Plastik dari Serat Kayu Kelapa Sawit
dan Polipropilena Dengan Menggunakan Polipropilena yang Dimodifikasi dengan Asam Akrilat sebagai Bahan Penghubung. Tesis. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana USU, Medan
Maleque, M.A., Belal, F.Y., and S.M. Sapuan. 2006. Mechanical Properties Study of
Pseudo-Stem Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite. The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol 32, No 2B. pp 359-354
Majedova, J. 2003. Review: FTIR Techniques in Clay Mineral Studies. Elsevier.
Vibrational Spectroscopy 31:1-10 Manias, Evangelos. 2002. The Role of Nanometer-thin Layered Inorganic Fillers as
Flame Retardants in Polymers. Advances in Fire Retardant Chemicals. Maulida. 2008. Pembuatan Komposit Termoplastik Berdasarkan Serat Kelapa Sawit
Dengan Kaedah Prapreg. Jurnal Penelitian Rekayasa Vol 1 No.2 74-79 Morgan, A.B., Chu, L.L., and Harris, J.D. 2005. A Flammability Performance
Comparison Between Synthetic And Natural Clays In Polystyrene Nanocomposites. Fire Materials (29), 213–229
Mwaikambo, L.Y. 2006 . Review of History, Properties, and Application of Plant
Fibres . African Journal of Science and Technology. Vol 7(2), 120 - 133. Nida, N. S. 2011. Pembuatan Biokomposit Limbah Polipropilena (LPP)
Termodifikasi dengan Pengisi Serat Kenaf dan Senyawa Penghambat Nyala.
Rheological Properties of HIPS-PET and Clay Nanocomposites. International Journal of Polymeric Materials 57:417-428
Othmer, Kirk. 1996. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Jilid 19 th . Volume 14.
Fourth Edition. Canada:John Wiley & Sons Inc. Patra, P.K., S.B. Warner, Kim Y.K., Qinguo Fan, P.D.Calvert and S. Adanur. 2005 .
Nano Engineered Fire Resistant Composite Fibre, NTC Annual report. No : M02-MD08.
Pasbakhsh, P., Ismail, H., M.N. Ahmad Fauzi., and A. Abu Bakar. 2009. Influence of
Maleic Anhydride Grafted Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (MAH-g- EPDM) on the Properties of EPDM Nanocomposites Reinforced by Halloysite Nanotubes. Elsevier. Polymer Testing 28:548-559
Pesova, A., Andertova, J., and O. Gedeon. 2010. Hydrothermal Degradation of
Ceramic Materials on the Natural Raw Materials Base. Part 2: Structural Changes. Ceramics-Silikaty 54(2):176-181.
Prashantha, K., Lacrampe, M.F., and P. Krawczak. Processing and Characterization
of Halloysite Nanotubes Filled Polypropylene Nanocomposites Based on a Masterbatch Route: Effect of Halloysites Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties. Express Polymer Letters Vol.5, No.4 : 295-307.
Pudjaatmaka, A.H. 1986. Kimia Organik. Jilid 1. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta. Erlangga.
Terjemahan : Organic Chemistry. Fessenden R. J. dan J. S. Fessenden. 1979. Williard Grant Press. Singapore.
Ray, S. S., and Okamoto, M. 2003. Polymer Layered Silicat Nanocomposites : as a
Review from Preparation to Processing. Progress in Polymer Science 28:1539-1641
Ray, S. S., Bousmina, M. 2005. Biodegradable Polymers And Their Layered Silicate
Nanocomposites: In Greening The 21 st Century Materials World. Elsevier. Progress in Materials Science
Ribeiro, S.P.S., Estevão, L.R.M., And Nascimento, R.S.V. 2008. Effect Of Clays On
Natural Fibres in Plastic Composites: Problems and Opportunities . Lignocellusic-Plastic Composites, USP&UNESP, Sao Paulo, 23-51.
Sain, M., S.H Park, F. Suhara, and S. Law. 2004 . Flame Retardant and Mechanical
Properties of Natural Fibre-PP Composites Containing Magnesium Hydroxide. Jaournal of Polymer Degradation and Stability, Science Direct. Vol 83. 363-367.
Salmah, Ismail, H., and Abu Bakar, A. 2005. A Comparative Study on the Effects of
Paper Sludge and Kaolin on Properties of Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites. Iranian Polymer Journal 14 (8), 705-713
Sanjaya. 2001. Pengaruh Anhidridasetat Terhadap Struktur Molekuler Kayu dalam
Stabilisasi Dimensi Kayu Pinus merkusii Et. De Vr. JMS Vol. 6 No. 1, hal.
21 – 32 Sarkar, M., Dana, K., S. Ghatak., and A. Banerjee. 2008. Polypropylene-Clay
Composite Prepared from Indian Bentonite. Bulletin Material Science Vol
31. No.1:23-28
Sentanuhady, Jayan.2007.Syarat Terjadinya Pembakaran. Gudangilmu.org
gudangnya ilmu pengetahuan http://gudangilmu.org/2007/11/26/syarat- terjadinya-pembakaran/ diakses tanggal 15 Juni 2010
pada Selulosa. http://eascience.wordpress.com/2010/03/13/ikatan-hidrogen-pada-selulosa/ diakses pada tanggal 2 November 2011
Seymour, B. R., and C. E. Carraher, Jr. 1988 . Polymer Chemistry An Introduction.
Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. Si, M., Zaitsev, V., M. Goldman., A. Frenkel., D. G. Peiffer., E. Weil., J. C.
Sokolov., and M.H. Rafailovich. Self-extinguishing Polymer/Organoclay Nanocomposites. Elsevier. Polymer Degradation and Stability 92 : 86-93
Siburian, R. 2001 . Impregnasi kayu Kelapa Sawit dengan Poliblen
Polipropilena/Karet Alam. Tesis. Program Pasca Sarjana. USU. Medan.
Mei 2010 Solomon. 2004. Intercalated Polypropylene NanoComposites. Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology . Michigan : Marcel Dekker Inc. Sopyan, I. 2001 . Kimia Polimer . Jakarta:Pradnya Paramita. Terjemahan : Polymer
Chemistry: An Introduction . Malcom Stevens. 2001. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Suharty, N.S. 1993 . Reactive Processing of Polyolefins using Antioxidant System,
Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K.
Suharty, N.S., dan Firdaus, M 2007 . Pembuatan Biokomposit Polistirena Daur
Ulang termodifikasi Secara Reaktif Dengan Bahan Pengisi Serat Alam yang Degradabel. Seminar Internasional Himpunan Polimer Indonesia, Medan.
Suharty, N.S., B. Wirjosentono, dan M. Firdaus. 2007 a . Pembuatan Biokomposit Degradabel dari Polipropilena Daur Ulang Dengan Serbuk Sekam Padi atau Serbuk Bambu. Laporan Hibah Bersaing Th. 1/2 Angkatan XVI, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Depdiknas Jakarta.
Suharty, N.S., B. Wirjosentono, dan M. Firdaus. 2007 b . Pembuatan Poliblen Degradabel dari Limbah Kemasan Polipropilena dengan Bahan Pengisi Serbuk Sekam Padi dan Pemlastis Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Secara Reaktif. Laporan Program Intensif Riset Dasar Tahun 1/2 , Kementrien Negara Riset dan Teknologi, Jakarta.
Suharty, N.S., B. Wirjosentono, M. Firdaus, D.S. Handayani, J. Sholikhah, dan Y.A.
Maharani ,.2008 . Synthesis of Degradable Bio-Composites Based on Recycle Polypropylene Filled with Bamboo Powder Using reactive Process . Journal Physical Science . Vol 19(2). 105 – 115
Suharty, N.S., Sudirman, K. Dihardjo., and M. Firdaus. 2009. Rekayasa Bio-
Nanokomposit Berkekuatan dan Ketahanan Nyala Api Tinggi untuk Pelapis Kabin Kendaraan Umum. Laporan Tahun I Pelaksanaan Hibah Penelitian
Flammability and Biodegradability of Bio-composite Base On : Recycled Polypropylene With Kenaf Fiber Containing Mixture Fire Retardant. ISFAChE, Bali.
Suharty, N.S., Sudirman, K. Dihardjo., and M. Firdaus. 2010 a . Rekayasa Bio- Nanokomposit Berkekuatan dan Ketahanan Nyala Api Tinggi untuk Pelapis Kabin Kendaraan Umum. Laporan Tahun II Pelaksanaan Hibah Penelitian Kompetitif Sesuai Prioritas Nasional, Direktorat Pendidikan Tingkat Tinggi.
Sukamta., Budiman, A., Sutijan., Akhmad, B.W., and S. Budiharto. 2009.
Pemecahan Senyawa Kompleks dalam Kaolin dan Pengambilan Alumina dengan Metode Kalsinasi dan Elutriasi. Jurnal Teknologi Technoscientia. ISSN: 1979-8415
Supeno, M. 2009. Bentonit Terpilar dan Aplikasi : Kimia Anorganik. USU Press.
Medan Surjosatyo, A., and Vidian, F. 2004. Studi Co-Gasifikasi Tandan Kosong dan
Tempurung Kelapa Sawit Mengunakan Gasifier Aliran Kebawah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Rekayasa Kimia dan Proses 2004. ISSN : 1411 - 4216
Sutha Negara, I.M., Wijaya, K., and Sugiharto, E. 2008. Preparasi dan Karakterisasi
Komposit Kromium Oksida-Montmorillonit. Jurnal Kimia 2 (2), 93-99. Taurista, A.Y., A.O. Riani dan K.H. Putra . 2006. Komponen Laminat Bambu Serat
Woven Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Pengganti Fiber Glass pada Kulit Kapal. PKMI. Surabaya. Jurusan Tehnik Material. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.
Tesoro, G. 1976. Current Research on Chemical Modification of Cellulose. Pure &
Application Chemistry , Vol. 46, pp. 239-245 Tesoro.G. 1978. Chemical Modification of Polymers with Flame-Retardant
Compounds . Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews, Vol.
13, pp. 283-353
Threepopnatkul, P., Kaerkitcha, N., and N. Athipongarporn. 2008. Polycarbonate
Composites Containing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Materials Science Forum , Vol. 694, pp. 146-149.
West, A. R. 1992 . Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications. John Wiley and sons.
Scotland. Yang, H.S., Kim, H.J., Park, H.J., Lee, B.J., Hwang, T.S. 2007. Effect of
compatibilizing agents on rice-husk flour reinforced polypropylene composites. Composite Structures 77, 45–55
Yusoff, M.Z.M., Salit, M. S. and N. Ismail. 2009. Tensile Properties of Single Oil
Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fibre. Sains Malaysiana 38(4): 525-529. Zhang, Q., Liu, Q., Mark, J.E., and Noda, I. 2009. A Novel Biodegradable
(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3- Hydroxyhexanoate) And Silylated Kaolinite/Silica Core–Shell Nanoparticles. Applied Clay Science
46, 51–56.
Zheng, S., Sun, S., Z. Zhang., and X. Xu. 2005. Effect of Properties of Calcined
Microspheres of Kaolin on the Formation of NaY Zeolite. Bulletin of the Catalysis Society of India 4:12-17
Lampiran 2. Bagan Alir LPP-g-AA
Prosedur dilakukan pada rasio LPP 100%, BPO 0,05%, dan AA 5% dalam berat total campuran 50 gram
dipotong 5 mm x 2 mm x 0,1 mm