Nature and Sources of the Texts

45 gather the material in the particular scope. The determination theme drives the research to focus more on the essence, as it is also natural. Furthermore, in the construction process, the researcher paid attention to every part which has strong and significant points in developing the description. In collecting anecdotes, one has to recognize what parts of the text of daily living are significant for one’s study. While it is happening, it is important to try to recover those living phrases and incidents that give the anecdote a cogent power or point. Therefore, it may be necessary to go back to retrieve the relevant “trivia” that help to construct the anecdote. In gathering anecdotes, one needs to be quite rigorous and construct accounts that are trimmed of all extraneous, possibly interesting but irrelevant aspects of theories. Van Mannen, 1990. p. 69. Meanwhile, Moustakas states that text analysis can be done through describing the personal experiences with a phenomenon, making a list of significant elements, and then grouping them into larger units called meaning units, makin g “meaning units”, determining “what” and “how”, and then incorporating textual and structure description Moustakas, 1994, as in Cresswell, 2007. In analyzing the data, the significant elements that illustrate the understanding about how the participant experienced the phenomenon need to be highlighted, which is called horizonalization Moustakas, 1994. The cluster of meaning can be developed from the statements. From these descriptions, a composite description which provides the essential aspect the essence of a phenomenon can be developed. Then the text can be reduced into meaningful segments and given names for the segments coding the data. In analyzing the text, the researcher used the steps adopted from Cresswell 2012, p. 261-262 which are also in line with Van Mannen and Moustakas. Those steps are: 46 Figure 4. The Steps of Text Analysis adapted from Van Mannen and Creswell After conducting the in-depth interviews, transcribed the data, and doing document checks, the researcher analyzed the data and conducted re-interview to gather the missing information. After transcribing the overall data and re-read the transcript, the reseacher selected the text and made classification using table to construct and coded the text step 1. Coding was used to build the themes step 2. Each theme has its own coding. In coding some numbers were given in order to enable the readers to search the anecdotes easily in the interview transcript. themes interpretation of each participant coding in each transcript of interview data shared experience from each participant description of each participant shared experience from each participant transcript of member final writing of description and interpretation of lived experience 5. Writing interpretation of each participant 1. Coding the transcript in transcript of interview data 2. Decide themes 3. Writing description of each participant 8. Final writing 6. Writing interpretation among participants shared experience 7. Member checking 4. Writing description among participants shared experience PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI