Through You can drive through that town in an hour
Through
Past or by He walked past or by his old schoolhouse
without stopping. Past
As far as up to We will walk only as far as up to the old
schoolhouse. Then we will turn back.
16
As far as From the quatations above, the writer sees that the types of
prepositions are: preposition of location, preposition showing place or position, and preposition showing direction.
3. The function of prepositions
Some prepositions also function as subordinate conjunctions. These preposition are; after, as, before, since, and until. A subordinate conjunction will have
both a subject and verb following it, forming a subordinate clause.
17
The preposition has the function of connecting a noun or pronoun to another word, usually a noun, verb or adjective.
The functions of prepositions are as follows: a.
Correlating a noun with noun
16
Marcella Frank, Modern English: A Practical..., p.166
17
http:www.chompchomp.comtermspreposition, December 15
th
, 2010
Example : She has talked to the boy in the room b.
Correlating a verb with verb Example : My aunt likes to sleep on the floor
c. Correlating a noun with adjective
Example : The man is very successful in his business d.
Correlating a participle with noun Example : they are frustrated for the problem
e. Correlating a verb participle with noun
Example : they stand up near the car.
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The writer may infer that the functions of prepositions are as subordinate conjunctions and also as the connecting a noun or pronoun to another word, usually a
noun, verb or adjective.
B. Total Physical Response 1.
The Understanding of Total Physical Response
Total Physical Response TPR is a langauge teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attemps to teach language through physical motor
activity.
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James Asher said that total physical response method is a language teaching method created around the coordination of speech and action, it attemps to teach
language through physical activity. It draws on several traditions, including developmental psychology, learning the theory, and humanistic pedagogy.
20
Total Physical response method was developed in order to reduce pupils stress when studying
foreign languages.
21
18
Ismul Jalala, Cepat pintar bahasa Inggris Prepositions, Jakarta: PT. Polytama Citra Media, 2000, p.7-12
19
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1986, P.73
20
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Methods...., P.87
21
Diane Larsen – Freeman, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, China: Oxford
University Press, p.114
In a developmental sense, Asher sees that succesful adult a parallel process to child first language acquisition. He claims that, speech directed to young children
consists primarily of commands, which children respond to physically before they begin to produce verbal responses. Asher felt adults recapulate the process by which children
acquire thier mother tongue. TPR has become a command and effective means of introducing children and
adults to a foreign language, and in particular to listening, especially in early stage of instruction. Using physical response is usually a lot of fun for students and provides
excellent practice in both listening comprehension and memory.
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In TPR, teachers interact with students by delivering commands, and students demonstrate comprehension through physical response.
23
From the statements above, the writer concluded that TPR Total Physical Response is a language teaching method built around speech and action, which the
teachers give a command and the students can respond physically.
2. The Characteristics of Total Physical Response
