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are generally expressed by noun phrases. Often the term situation is also used to refer the verb’s meaning which can more precisely be called situation core.
2.4 Situation Type
Situation Type is also known as lexical aspect or a action art of a verb is a part of the way in which that verb is structured in relation to time. Oshima, D.Y
2012: 45 states that situation type is distinguished from grammatical aspect : Situation type is an inherent property of a semantics eventuality, whereas
grammatical aspect is a property of a syntactic or morphological realization. Situation type is invariant, while grammatical aspect can be changed according to
the attitude of the speaker. Situation type is aspect that describes the situation that relates to time
which arises from its meaning. Situation type as subject matter of sentences is focused by their verbs and arguments. It concerns the internal temporal
constituency of a type of situation denoted by a given predicate. Vendler 1967:97-121 calssifies four situation types, they are : states,
activities, accomplishments and achievements. They will be discussed more under this section..
2.4.1 States
A State is type of situation or state of affairs. Binnick, R 1991 states that states are non-dynamic ,i.e. they are not associated with change in the
physical, tempolar etc. conditions. States are situations static unchanging, qualities of emotional and physical throughout their duration. Also, state are
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continous over period of time, can answer the question, howlong?. States use stative verbs which give the information about the internal structure of the state
and it just holds for a certain time. Stative verbs are verb to identify the static situation. A verb which isn’t stative is called a dynamic verb, and is usually an
action often stative verbs are about liking or disliking something, or about mental state, not about an action. State verbs based on Smith 1997:222 are :
1. Verbs of emotion are verbs with mental action or process and the sence such as : love, like, worry, fear, know, think, believe, hope.
2. Verbs of perception are verbs of the convey the experince of one of the physical sense such as : see,hear, feel.
3. Verbs of existence are verbs of the fact or state of living objective reality such as : be, live, exist.
4. Verbs of location are verbs denote the position such as : sit, stand, lie, rest. 5. Verbs of relation are verb that related to the object such as : contain,
include, consist of. 6. Verbs of possession are verbs of havingown something such as : have,
own.
Examples :
1. Lisa hates it. The above sentences means that Lisa doesn’t like something at the time.
2. I believe it. The sentence means that someone has an emotion of believing something
because get the truth or facts.
