people to do something. The motivation lastly stimulates the energy inside and pushes it out.
Kalish 30 says that motivation and needs are concept not things. They cannot be seen or heard or touched, but they must be inferred or assumed. It is just like what
is stated by Petri 3 that “motivation is the concept we use when we describe the force acting on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior.”
According to Huffman, Vernoy and Vernoy 392, motivation refers to factors within an individual that activate, maintain, and direct behavior toward a goal.
Murray 7 states motivation is distinguished from the other factors that also influence behavior, such as the past experience of a person, the physical capabilities,
and the environmental situation in which a person finds himself.
a. Kinds of Motivation
According to Huffman, Vernoy and Vernoy 401, there are two forms of motivation: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the
desire to perform an act for its own sake. That motivation is derived from the satisfaction arising out of the behavior itself. People do something without being paid
or rewarded. There is no ribbon, gold, or certificate for doing a task. People do something for enjoyment and they are interested in what they are doing. It is for
getting pleasure and satisfaction. Supported by the explanation of Robert C. Beck
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144, intrinsic motivation refers to factors that make certain activities rewarding in and of them. This would include such things as games, puzzles, artistic or other
creative endeavors, and so on. Huffman, Vernoy and Vernoy 401 explain that extrinsic motivation is the
desire to perform an act because of external rewards or avoidance of punishment. It is comprehensible that in extrinsic motivation, people accomplish something because of
the rewards or the punishment. They will perform something well in order to get money, gold medal, certificate, grades, or because they have to. If they do not do it,
then someone will get angry and give punishment. They act something to please a certain person or group. In extrinsic motivation, enjoyment and interest is not
necessary. It is not important whether they are happy or not. As explained briefly by Robert C. Beck 144, the term extrinsic reward refers generally to the kinds of
reinforcement situations. A person makes a response and is reinforced for it by some external agents.
To sum up, intrinsic motivation means having initial interest in a task. People do something because they want to. In contrast, extrinsic motivation refers to a
motivation that comes from the outsiders. People do something because they have to.
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b. Human Motives
