Framework of the research

D. Framework of the research

Figure 1 – Framework of the research Concept of Heroism National Heroes in Indonesia The 20th century Postcolonial Theory Pangeran Diponegoro As A Main Motif In Paintings The 19th century Javanese Painting Dutch Painting The 20th21st century Painting 2 Indonesia Sakit Painting 1 Indonesian Painting Interpretation of Artwork Visual Semiotics commit to user Main idea of this research is to analyze presence of Pangeran Diponegoro in paintings from different time period. Five paintings have been chosen from three different time period:  19th century and period after the Java War 1825-1830 – whose leader was Pangeran Diponegoro. First painting from 1830 is by a Dutch author Nicolaas Pieneman and second one from 1857 by Javanese Raden Saleh. Their meanings are different, while style and genre in which they are painted look almost same.  Second half of the 20th century is time when Indonesia got its independence from the Dutch. This period was a time of turbulent history and intensive process of nation-building which can be seen in painting of Diponegoro by S. Sudjojono from 1979.  End of the 20th century was a time when Indonesia stepped toward democracy after 30 years of dictatorship. Questions about national identity were again actual, and some reflections of these are present in a painting of Agung Kurniawan painted in dusk of New Order regime – 1994. It did not address any specific ideology nor any special territorial unit Indonesian country, or Javanese land – it is somehow a global critique. On the other side, the painting of Heri Dono is an obvious caricature of Indonesian politics. That is why these artworks are under „Indonesia Sakit‟ categorв. Pangeran Diponegoro was mentioned in this research as a national hero. In Indonesia this term is strict and it is defined by state. In some other cultures this term is subject of perception of historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and others. In the 19th century – when the first two painting were painted, Indonesia was not a nation. NeЯertheless, these paintings as аell as the life storв of Diponegoro sвmboliгe „proto- nationalism‟ in Indonesia. Title National Hero itself аas introduced in 1959 and Pangeran Diponegoro entered the list in 1967. Today this list is enormous 159 people and is ever- growing. Therefore in this research there will be a word about this title as well as process of declaring one national hero. Questions about national building, ideology, and identity which are symbolized in this title are looked through Postcolonial Theory. commit to user Paintings on the other hand are looked аith author‟s aЯailable tools in understanding and appreciating one piece of art – observing composition, perspective, usage of colours, lines, other figures, and so on. Visual semiotics is used to de-code symbols in it. In the first place the task is to find and interpret symbols of national hero Pangeran Diponegoro as main object of research, but with him also others. One sign is rarely understood alone, sign enters into a relationship with other signs to build net or systems of signs. Together they make meaning. Meaning and value of these paintings are main objectives of this research

E. Hypothesis