5 student A interview student B. Student C interview student D,
6 students reverse roles, and
7 each shares with team member what was learned during the two interviews.
Three Steps Interview technique is one of Cooperative Learning in which students works in a group consisting of 4 persons. Students will be accuctomed to
have a conversation for the purpose of analyzing and synthesizing new information by
listening to and appreciating the others’ idea and thinking. Three Steps Interview technique will also help students speak in English, because they have to make an
interaction with their partner in order to share the ideas orally. So, Three Steps Interview Technique is very useful to be used by the teacher to improve students’
speaking skill.
2.2.6 Action Research
In this part, the researcher will show the information related to Action Research. They are definitions of action research, basic principles of action research, the
procedure to apply action research, and the benefits of action research.
2.2.6.1 The Definition of Action Research
Action research, mentioned by Reason and Bradbury p.2, is about working toward practical outcomes, and also about creating new forms of understanding, since action
without reflection and understanding is blind, just as theory without action is meaningless. It is supported by Watts in Ferrance 2000 that action research is a
process in which participants examine their own educational practice.
Also disscussing about action research, Carr and Kemmis in Burns 2003:30 argued
that classroom action research is “simply a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and
justice of their own practices, their understanding of these practices and the situations in which the practices are carried out”.
Another statement mentioned by Wallace in Suriya 2011, “an action
research is a process, which is done by systematically collecting data on teacher’s
everyday practice and analyzing it in order to come to some decisions about what her future practice should be.”
In short, action research is one of research designs that is commonly used by teacher t
hat has function to improve students’ ability by applying some strategies in daily activities of teaching and learning proccess including daily practices and also
evaluation.
2.2.6.2 The Basic Principles of Action Research
A good teacher must consider some of the following principles to do an action research in order to achieve goals successfully. Borgia and Schuler in Hien 2009
described components of action research as follows: 1
Commitment: Time commitment should be carefully considered by participants of action research since it takes them time to get acquaintance with other participants,
think about change, try new approach, collect data, interpret results, etc. 2
Collaboration: In an action research all participants are equal to each others in terms of giving ideas, suggestions or anything that leads to success of the change.
3 Concern: In the research process, participants will build up a group of “critical
friends” who trust each other and the value of the project. 4
Consideration: As it is mentioned above, reflective practice is a mindful review of a professional research like action research. It demands concentration and careful
consideration as one seeks patterns and relationships that will create meaning within the investigation.
5 Change: For humans, especially teachers, change is continuing and it is a
significant element in remaining their effectiveness.
2.2.6.3 The Procedures to Apply Action Research
