B. Participants
The participants of the research are the students of the eighth grade students of SMP N 15 Yogyakarta in the academic year 20122013. The
researcher only toke one class from all the total class, i.e. class VIII E. There are 34 students; they are 13 males and 21 females. They are all in a
beginner level. Their age is around 13 up to 14 years old. Most of the participants are from Yogyakarta and they are native of
Javanese and Indonesia. They learn English as a foreign language. Their ability in English is not quite good, especially in writing. They have less
opportunity in practicing English because they only learn English in the school and they use their mother tongue to communicate each other in
daily life.
C. Data Collecting Methods
This research implemented several data collection methods for both qualitative and quantitative data. First of all, the researcher conducted
the observation in the classroom. And then, a pre-test was implemented to find out the ability of the students in writing and to investigate how far
their ability in writing recount text. After that, the result of the students’
writing in each cycle was scored to compare the score between and after the action. The interview with the English teacher and the students before
and after the action was also implemented to find out the students ’ and
teacher’s opinion related to the action. Observation before, during, and after the research will be conducted in the form of field notes.
D. Data Collecting Instruments
The instruments used by the researcher to collect the data are mentioned below.
1. Observation Checklist
The first thing to do by the researcher before conducting the research was doing an observation. The observation was held to find
out some problems found in the school. However, the observation was not only conducted before the research, it was conducted before,
during and after the research or the action applied. The observation was recorded by the researcher in the form of field note and vignette.
To support the observation, the researcher also used a camera to take some photographs.
2. Test
The test was given to the students before conducting the action to measure how far they able to make a recount text. The students were
asked to write a recount text and directly submit it to the teacher. The result of the students’ writing then will be scored. After that, the result
of the students’ writing in cycle I and cycle II were also scored. All of the students’ score were compared to see the improvement of the
students’ writing.
3. Interview Guideline
Interview was conducted by the researcher to find out the information about everything regarding to a writing skill. The
researcher interviewed both the teacher and the students before and after the action was implemented. The format of the interview was
guide or semi-structured interview.
E. Data Analysis
There were two kinds of data that the researcher got. The first one was in the form of qualitative data and the second one was in the form of
quantitative data. In gaining qualitative data, the researcher used observation and interview. The results of those are field notes and
interview transcripts. All the data were interpreted and analyzed. Besides analyzing the data qualitatively, the researcher also used
quantitative data analysis. The instruments that had been analyzed quantitatively are the test conducted before the action and the result of
students’ writing in cycle I and in cycle II. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. In this analysis, the “mean” is used as the
representation from central tendency. And then, the result of each test was compared to see if there is an improvement
in students’ writing or not.
F. Validity and Reliability
To meet the demand of the validity of the research, the researcher conducted several types of validity.
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