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ANNEX 2
List of PICO questions
CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER
QUESTION
3. Problems of the neonate
and young infant
3.1 Routine care of the newborn at
delivery Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-
income countries P, does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life
I compared with drying and wrapping C have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation
exclusivity duration of breastfeeding O?
3.3 Routine care for all newborn
babies after delivery
For all neonates P, should vitamin K prophylaxis I be given for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding
O?
3.5 Management of the child with
perinatal asphyxia For neonates requiring prolonged resuscitation and
at risk of HIE P, should head or body cooling I be initiated to prevent death and sequelae O?
3.7 Serious bacterial infections
For young infants 0-2 months with suspected sepsis managed in health facilities P, should third generation
cephalosporin monotherapy I replace currently recommended ampicillin-gentamicin combination C
as first line empiric treatment for preventing death and sequelae O?
3.10 Babies with low birth weight
In low-birth-weightpre-term neonates in health facilities P, are plastic wraps or caps used immediately
after birth I more effective than conventional care C in preventing hypothermia O?
In low-birth-weightpre-term neonates in health facilities P, is skin to skin contact immediately after
birth I more effective than conventional care C in preventing hypothermia O?
In low-birth-weightpre-term neonates in health facilities P, is Kangaroo Mother Care I more effective
than conventional care C in reducing mortality andor morbidity O?
3.11 Necrotising enterocolitis
For young infants with suspected NEC P, what is the effectiveness of different parenteral antibiotics I, C in
preventing progression and sequelae O?
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CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER
QUESTION
3.12 Other common neonatal
problems For term, preterm and SGA neonates with
hyperbilirubinemia P, when should the options of exchange transfusion be performed or phototherapy
be instituted I, C, depending on day of life T, in preventing morbidity and sequalae O?
3.13 Babies of mothers with infections
Among termnear term newborn infants born to mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection P, does the
use of immediate prophylactic antibiotic I, compared to selective use of antibiotics C have an impact on
neonatal mortality andor on neonatal sepsis O?
4. Cough or difficulty
breathing 4.2 Pneumonia
In children aged 2–59 months P, what is the most effective antibiotic therapy I, C for very severe
pneumonia O? In children aged 2–59 months P, what is the most
effective antibiotic therapy I,C for severe pneumonia O?
In children aged 2–59 months P, what is the most effective antibiotic regimen I, C for treatment of non-
severe pneumonia O? For children aged 2–59 months P, should antibiotics
be given I,C for non-severe pneumonia and wheeze O?
4.4 Conditions presenting with
wheeze In children 2–59 months of age P, should oral
salbutamol be used as a bronchodilator I,C to relieve acute wheeze and bronchoconstriction O?
5. Diarrhoea 5.4 Dysentery
For children less than 5 years of age with bloody diarrhoea P, what is the effectiveness of the
recommended antibiotic regimen I in preventing death or limiting complications O?
6. Fever 6.3 Meningitis
In children aged 2–59 months in developing countries P, which parenteral antibiotic or combination of
antibiotics I, at what dose and duration, is effective for the treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis in
hospital in reducing mortality and sequelae O?
6.6 Typhoid fever In children with typhoid fever, P, what are the
most effective antibiotics I, C, in preventing severe morbidity or preventing complications and death O?
6.7 Ear infections In children with acute otitis media, P, are antibiotics
more effective than placebo I, C, in reducing duration of illness and clinical course O?
In children aged 2–59 months P, what should be the first line antibiotic treatment I for chronic otitis media?
In children aged 2–59 months P, what is the effectiveness of local topical antiseptics I in the
treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media?