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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Language consists of several disciplines such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Each discipline studies the
different perspectives therefore it reveals the basic language studies in linguistics. In order to analyze the implication of language use, those knowledge are not
enough to cover the study, therefore, discourse study is needed in order to analyze the language use since language is a way of behaving and making others
behave and therefore the linguist must concern himself with the verbal process in the context of the situation Nunan, 1992.
From the previous explanation, discourse analysis is a good start to learn about linguistic knowledge that can cover the whole knowledge. Discourse
focuses on the use of language. It can be in spoken or written texts. Discourse is a unit of language above and beyond a mere accumulation of sounds, morphemes,
words, clauses and sentences Fasold Jeff, 2006. The analysis of language in use cannot be limited to the description of
linguistics forms independently. It is because the purpose or functions are designed to serve in human affairs Yule, Gillian Brown George, 1983.
Furthermore, the discourse analysis analyzes the text in spoken as in the movie. It is not only a matter of language based on the conversation but also it shows the
paralanguage that has significance. Discourse-based grammar with support from Halliday and Hasan 1976
has been formed. It is said that discourse-based PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
grammar is worth to analyze rather than traditional explanations of grammar which is known as sentence-based Paltridge, 2006.
The King‟s Speech is the object of this research. The movie has been released in 2010 starring Firth Collin as the King George VI and Geoffrey Rush
as the unorthodox therapist, Lionel Logue. Edward, the favored son of the father George V has fallen in love with a divorced commoner therefore he gives up his
positi on as the crowned king. It is Albert, Edward‟s younger brother who will be
the next king. The problem is that Albert has stuttering disorder and it is his duty to give a speech in front of the people in order to gain the nation fortitude and
trust. In this emergency, stutter is a symbol of national shame. Albert consults Lionel Logue as a speech therapist. Their process of interaction is the heart of the
movie and the triumph of how their relationship becomes the main focus in the movie and therefore becomes the object of the analysis of discourse.
Stuttering is the disorder in the fluency of speaking and talk pattern in the age that is not supposed to American Psychiatric Association, 2000. Stuttering
is disorders in the rhythm of speech, in which the individual knows precisely that he wishes to say, but at the same time is unable to say it because of an
involuntary, repetitive prolongation or cessation of a sound WHO, 1992. The symptoms show that the sufferer has experienced one or more extending sound or
word, halting to the word, holding voice and being phatic. King George starts having this stuttering disorder when he was eight years old. In some brief
explanation, he gets the disorder because he has received suppression during his childhood by his parents and other people surround him and it turns out that he
was left-handed but he has to make it right-handed Biography Editors,2015. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Journals discuss the theories on how to overcome with the disorder especially the appropriate curing done by the therapist. Those theories are used in
applying the activity relating to the curing in the sufferer especially in this study. What makes this present study different with the other studies is that the way the
researcher analyzes the language use of the interaction between the therapist, who applies his unorthodox treatment, and the king. At the end of the movie, the
therapist has succeeded applying his treatment to the king. Therefore, the writer would like to analyze the way the therapist treats the king by using his
unorthodox exercises through the discourse analysis The other researches relating to the movie
The King‟s Speech have existed. The researchers are mostly talk about the discourse but in different
perspectives and approaches. The writer has found one article, one journal and one thesis to be used to compare the originality of this study. The studies are from
Bernard Frankel, Saima Karim and Riha Rahma Mufida. Bernard Frankel writes an article comparing the two movies;
The King‟s Speech and The Fighter in order to review the two academy award selections. He
has been composed the journal on 2011. He analyzes those two movies in finding the similarity of system theory meeting the object relations during the behavioral
exercises. It compares those two movies as the struggle in disorder and how the process becomes the crucial part of the overcoming the disorders; Albert with his
stutter and Micky‟s masochism. It also shows the relation between brothers; Albert with Edward and Micky with Dicky Frankel, 2011.
Journal written in 2015 titled Style and Language of Inequality in the Movie, The King‟s Speech that is written by Saima Karim is quite different with
the previous one. It analyzes the power of language in the movie Kin g‟s Speech.
It turns out that the relationship between language and social inequality is the idea that some expressions of language are valued more than others in a way that
is associated with some people being more valued than others and some ideas expressed by people through language being more valued than others Karim,
2015. The last study is from Riha Rahma Mufida in her thesis titled The
Discourse of The King‟s Speech Film by Tom Hooper. This research uses Cultural Studies as the approach to the discourse analysis. It uses the qualitative
data analysis and data analysis techniques descriptively and interpretatively. Other than using Cultural Studies approach, it uses the hermeneutic approach
Mufida, 2015. This present research focuses on the discourse analysis that contributes
the application of English Linguistics as a part of everyday use through language. It implies that linguistics also has to be aware of the non-linguistic knowledge to
be able to go together as a combination of knowledge. The language that the therapist uses in the movie is the target of the research. It also includes the
gestures and the exercises through the treatment. Prince Albert and Princess Elizabeth were able to solidify their
relationship during the first several years of marriage. Recognizing that his stammer was an ordeal for her husband and his audiences, Elizabeth
sought the help of Lionel Logue, an Australian speech therapist living in London. At first reluctant, Prince Albert began seeing Logue and
partaking in his unorthodox exercises. His wife often accompanied him and participated in the sessions. Prince Albert and Logue cultivated a
strong relationship and, gradually, his speech improved. Editors, 2015.
This movie introduces many language uses through the interaction between the two main characters; king George VI and therapist Lionel Logue as
the richness of language use is the significant aspect in communication and social interaction. Moreover, the unorthodox method that is introduced by the therapist
enriches the analysis with the knowledge of the psychological aspect. Two main recent approaches of discourse analysis are introduced. They
are Seven Building Tasks of Language and Systemic Functional Grammar. In Seven Building Tasks of Language, the language and its task are not just about
conveying information, but also it is used to build seven reality in discourse. They are its significance, activities, identities, relationships, connections, politics,
and sign system and knowledge Gee, 2011. Systemic Functional Grammar is the recent theory to analyze the discourse analysis as one of many approaches. It
deals with language study using clause as the main object of the analysis. Each clause represents the purpose namely clause as message, clause as exchange and
clause as representation Halliday, 2004. The approach of the discourse analysis is the use of the structure of
language, thus Gee‟s Seven Building Tasks of Language and Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar are supported the analysis. Using the Seven Building Tasks
of Language, the researcher is going to find the seven areas of „reality‟ that the language wants to reveal. It is revealed through its significance, activities,
identities, relationships, politics, connection and sign system and knowledge. Moreover, Systemic Functional Grammar is used to get the detail analysis in
using the ideational, interpersonal and textual function. The process of doing, being, feeling and having is going to be discussed along with the Theme and
Mood system and marked and unmarked theme selection. Therefore, the study of language is achieved through the approaches.
Using The King‟s Speech movie to analyze the language use is essential in
contributing to the field of overcoming stuttering with particular approach that is introduced by the therapist. Moreover, this movie is based on the true story that
can be confirmed through its originality of the treatment. The linguistic contribution also strengthens the analysis in discourse analysis using Seven
Building Tasks of Language and Systemic Functional Grammar. The supported theory of stuttering as a psychological disorder confirms the background of the
king‟s stuttering.
1.2 Research Question
Kategori