Discourse of the Script of the Interaction between the Therapist and

39 CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION This chapter shows the result of the data analysis that has been preceded. The data are the twelve parts of interaction in the form of clause and chunk of language. This chapter is divided into two sections; Seven Building Tasks of Language analysis and Systemic Functional Grammar analysis and the standard treatment which is used as the comparison of the recent treatment. The bold parts inside the analysis represent the emphasizing of each element. In addition, the tables which are tables of Textual function help to organize the data analysis into easy reading. Lines are also used in showing the Interpersonal function in order to get the systemic reading as well.

4.1 Discourse of the Script of the Interaction between the Therapist and

the King 4.1.1 Seven Building Tasks of Language This part shows the result of the data analysis. The tables and lines show the outcomes of the analysis. The first being discussed is the theory of Seven Building Tasks of Language. The table shows the category of the seven building tasks. They are the significances, activities, identities, relationships, politics, connections and sign and system. The situation is put in order to get the general view of the building tasks. Therefore, using the table, the researcher wants to compose easy access to view the building tasks in general. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 4.1 Table of Seven Building Tasks of Language No. Seven Building Tasks of Language Situation 1 Significances 1. The significance of this text is the struggle to build an equal relationship through the interaction. 2. The other significance is the chunk of conversation that has contribution to make the king confident in speaking. 2 Activities 1. Lionel listening patiently to every single story that Bertie tells 2. doing practical mechanism 3 Identities The identities show the characteristics of Lionel who are brave and patient and Bertie who are prideful and bad temper. 4 Relationships The use of nickname 5 Politics The political side in this part is that Lionel has a good intention toward Bertie. 6 Connection The connection the use of nicknames rather than the formal names relates to the demand of equality. 7 Sign system and knowledge The sign system and knowledge that happens in the interaction is supposed to be formal language that is seen from the social language between the commoner the therapist and the royal family the king. The table shows the result of the theory of Seven Building Tasks of Language. The significances of the text are the struggle to build the equality and the contribution of language to make the king confident. The remaining is the elaboration of their significances. Because of the struggle of equality is part of the significance, thus the activities, identities and relationships are also achieving these two. Politics, connections and sign system and knowledge are in line with these two main significances. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The conversation that is conducted in the script mostly is an informal form regarding to the social language that uses the informal language. Bertie, who is the member of the royal family, is considered to be respected by addressing him the proper name and serving him properly. However, following the treatment rules, he is treated as the others even less formal. Lionel‟s intention as the therapist is to show the sign of a friendship. Therefore, the implementation shows that the conversation between the two using informal language. It is shown through the scene when Bertie unexpectedly swearing in front of Lionel. Fortunately, Lionel sees it as the method to make Bertie‟s speech fluent. The interaction between the therapist and the king is the main object of the research. The script is the product of the discourse that is analyzed through Seven Building Tasks of Language. Thus, the significance of the language use is unraveled through its significance, activities, identities, relationships, politics, connections and sign system. 4.1.1.1 Significance The significance happens in the analysis through several ways. Social language has the important rule showing the use of the language. There are two ways showing the significance in the language use that is applied through the text. First, it is the significance of talking as a friend that is the main idea of the process of the treatment. Implementing the social language that is the different style of languages used for different purposes Gee, 2011, it sees that the style of language that is supposed to be used by Lionel is formal considering that he talks with the member of the royal family. However, Lionel wants to make his therapy PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI session is less formal by bridging the line to be friend with Bertie. Lionel as the therapist tries to build the equal relationship with the king so that the king feels comfortable with his treatment. However it is not easy for Lionel to make the king close to him. Thus, the significance of this text is the struggle to build an equal relationship through the interaction. [1] LIONEL: Perfect. In here, it’s better if we’re equals. PART 1, LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – DAY Lionel Logue is an unorthodox speaking therapist. In the time of 1920s, he was well-known for his success treatment for people with stuttering. He is not certified as a doctor, however because of his experiences, he is permitted to cure the king‟s stuttering. The most important thing about his therapy is that the patient must feel comfortable by enjoying his rules. One of his rules is that he has to be equal with his patient even if the patient has the potential to be a king in the future – at the first meeting, Bertie is not yet a king but he is still the Duke of York. Applying his rules to be followed by the king is one of his ways to be professional in his field. By asking the king to follow his rules and agree with his mechanical treatment, Lionel tries to use his authority to rule the king but not the opposite. The equality is shown in the way Lionel tries to be professional doing his job. Lionel Logue wants Bertie to call him as Lionel and in return, Lionel calls Bertie as „Bertie‟. Bertie feels insulted with the call as he has the higher position than Lionel. [2] LIONEL : How about Bertie? BERTIE : flushes Only my family uses that. LIONEL : Perfect. In here, it‟s better if we‟re equals. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI BERTIE : If we were equal I wouldn‟t be here. I‟d be at home with my wife and no-one would give a damn. PART 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – DAY However, Lionel Logue keeps insisting that he will call Albert as Bertie no matter what. Albert at first also insists that he will not follow Lionel‟s rule. In the process of the treatment, Bertie has finally followed Lionel‟s rule. He seems okay to be called as Bertie by Lionel though he barely calls his therapist a name. The social language that is used in this script is supposed to be formal language between the ordinary citizen and the royal family member. However, this movie wants to show the equality as a friend, even close friend between people without considering the title. As a result, the social language that is used is an informal language. It is used to show the equality in the field of professionalism. Second, the significance can also be seen in the mechanism in overcoming the king‟s stuttering. Conversation as part of tools of inquiry in the form of debates and motifs in the social group Gee, 2011 that happens between Lionel and Bertie provokes Bertie to speak his own voice. He is triggered to debate with Lionel but at the end he does what Lionel asks him to do. Thus, the other significance is the chunk of conversation that has contribution to make the king confident in speaking. The conversation like [3] BERTIE : I‟m not crooning “Swanee River” LIONEL : Try “Camptown Races” then. sings “My brother D, he said to me, doodah doo- dah...” Continuous sound will give you flow. Does it feel strange, now that David‟s on the throne? PART 4, LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – CONTINUOUS is the conversation of encouraging Bertie to sing to avoid his stammering. Lionel asks Bertie to sing when he wants to share something. Lionel thinks that it will give the flow in his throat so that he can speak more clearly. It happens. Bertie can share fluently what he wants to talk about in his singing. Though it seems provoking Bertie in an emotional way, Lionel has an effective way to build Bertie‟s confidence. Later on Bertie has been in progress. [4] LIONEL : I don‟t care. I don‟t care how many Royal arses have sat in this chair- Overlapping- BERTIE : Listen to me... LIONEL : Listen to you? By what right? BERTIE : Divine right, if you must I‟m your King LIONEL : Noooo you‟re not Told me so yourself. Said you didn‟t want it. So why should I waste my time listening to you? BERTIE : Because I have a right to be heard LIONEL : Heard as what? BERTIE : A man I HAVE A VOICE LIONEL : quietly Yes you do. You have such perseverance, Bertie, you‟re the bravest man I know. And you‟ll make a bloody good king. part 13, INT. WESTMINSTER ABBEY - THAT NIGHT The situation above is when Bertie has a rehearsal to do the inauguration of him as a king at Webminster Abbey. They practice the text for Bertie‟s inauguration to be a king. Lionel purposely sits on the chair that is supposed to be sat by the king. Bertie is angry and asks Lionel to get off of the chair while Lionel challenges Bertie on what right. Furiously, Bertie says that he has the voice as a king and somebody has to listen to him. From the way Bertie is angry and is triggered to finally say that he has a voice, Lionel has succeeded to make Bertie realize his power. Thus, showi ng the equality and building Bertie‟s confidence are the two things that are the significance of language use to overcome the king‟s stuttering. The application of the significance is synergized into the other six building tasks of language. 4.1.1.2 Activities Activities show the implication of the significance of the language use. Since the significance of language through the text is about the equality and building confidence in order to overcome the king‟s stuttering, therefore there are two activities that reflect the significance of language use. The first activities that describe the significance of the text are that Lionel asks Bertie a chance to share his stories including his background about his stuttering. By using Discourses that is part of the ways of thinking, acting, interacting, valuing, feeling, and believing Gee, 2011, Lionel listens patiently to every single story that Bertie tells. At first, Bertie does not share his problem. He wants the mechanic way to overcome his stuttering. [5] LIONEL : Thus proving your impediment isn‟t a permanent part of you. What do you think was the cause? BERTIE : I don‟t know I don‟t care I stammer. And no one can fix it. part 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – DAY This situation is when Lionel asks Bertie about the background why he becomes stuttering. He asks Bertie whether he stutters when he thinks. Bertie‟s anger shows that he has a very bad temper. He can get easily angry when being asked to tell his experience. His concern is only the practical therapy. He does not want to be involved in the personal story, especially his own experience that might be unpleasant memory. However, Lionel never gives up inquisitively asking Bertie to tell about his family background. The main purpose is to dig the information about Bertie‟s stuttering background. Therefore the activity of sharing is conducted as a part of Bertie‟s therapy. [6] BERTIE : Nannies. Not my first nanny, though..she loved David...hated me. When I was presented to my parents for the daily viewing, she‟d... The stammering produced by the memory halts him. LIONEL : Sing it. BERTIE : tunelessly “She pinch me so I‟d cry, and be sent away at once, then she wouldn‟t feed me, far far away.” speaks Took three years for my parents to notice. As you can imagine, it caused some stomach problems. Still. part 4, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – CONTINUOUS Lionel continues to ask Bertie about the person that Bertie is close with. However, Bertie tells Lionel the meaning of being close with his nanny is not the close mental relationship, rather the nanny monitors Bertie the whole day and gives Bertie significant trauma by always pinching him when being presented to his parents. So that the parents think that Bertie does not do any good deeds. Though Bertie tells his bad experience in a stutter, Lionel keeps listening and encourages him to sing so that he can be fluent in telling his uncomfortable memory. The second activities that show the significance of building the relationship to make the treatment effective is by doing practical mechanism. During the treatment, Lionel does not only encourage Bertie to talk about his experience. He also conducts the practical treatment like asking Bertie to read some sentences while he is betting on him one shilling, to sing a favorite song to avoid the stuttering which is working, to practice the respiration activity, to say tongue twister repeatedly and to swear when feeling repressed. Those activities are effective in reducing the stuttering frequency. Challenging Bertie to do something is not quite effective but at least Bertie wants to try what Lionel asks him to do. Lionel bets on one shilling if Bertie wants to do Lionel‟s offering. Bertie will give Lionel one shilling instead if he does not want to do Lionel‟s offering. [7] BERTIE : I can‟t possibly read this. LIONEL : Then you owe me a shilling for not trying. Furious, Bertie opens the book and reads, stammers badly and gets worse. BERTIE : “To be or not to be, That is the question. Whether it is wiser...” There He hands the book back to Lionel. BERTIE : I can‟t read LIONEL : I haven‟t finished yet. Lionel returns the book to Bertie and turns to some recording apparatus on a nearby table. LIONEL : I‟m going to record your voice and then play it back to you on the same machine. This is brilliant. It‟s the latest thing from America: a Silvertone. He hands Bertie a pair of heavily padded earphones. Bertie doesn‟t want to take them. part 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – DAY After failing in fulfilling Lionel‟s challenge to read some sentences while listening to the music, Bertie does not want to precede the therapy with Lionel anymore. He thinks that Lionel is just wasting his time to do such a trivial thing. He needs something mechanic, though. [8] LIONEL : Alright. You want mechanics? We need to relax your throat muscles and strengthen your tongue. By repeating tongue twisters for example. “I am a thistle-sifter. I have a sieve of sifted thistles and a sieve of unsifted thistles. Because I am a thistle sifter.” BERTIE : Fine. LIONEL :You have a flabby tummy, we must build up the strength in your diaphragm. Simple mechanics. PART 2 INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM NEW DAY PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI This mechanic is in purpose exercising the movement of the lips and the air flow that comes from the lungs. Therefore, Bertie has to exercise the tongue twister as a part of the treatment. Since tongue twister activates the brain‟s speech-planning processes, it helps Bertie to do the exercise warming up the fluency in speaking Bergland, 2013. [9] MONTAGE Many different sessions, many different days, all in the consultation room. CU of Bertie‟s mouth. Humming. LIONEL : Hum for as long as you like. Hmmmmmmmmmm. And when you‟re ready, “Mother”. BERTIE : Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmother. LIONEL : Beaut. CUT TO: LIONEL : A simple outward breath. “FFFFF” Wait for the “aa”. “FFFFFather”. Just slide into it. BERTIE : FFFFFFFFFFFFather. CUT TO: LIONEL : Feel the loosening of the jaw PART2 INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – NEW DAY The activity is to show the continuant of treatment in triggering the fluency in speaking. After having tongue twisters‟ exercise, Bertie continues to have the humming treatment when he has to hum the syllable into the longer syllable. Another activity to minimize the stuttering is by singing and changing the lyric into the utterances that is to be said. This activity is effective to make the air flow from the vocal cord fluent. At first, Bertie refuses to do so but when it does work, Bertie continues singing when he feels that he faces the stuttering. [10] Silence. BERTIE : blurts My brother. That‟s why I‟m here. LIONEL : What‟s he done? BERTIE : Can‟t say. I can‟t puh-puh-puh... His jaw and throat muscles constrict. LIONEL : Try singing it. BERTIE : Pardon? LIONEL : Know any songs? BERTIE : Songs? LIONEL : Yes songs. BERTIE : “Swanee River”. LIONEL : I love that song. BERTIE : Happens to be my favorite. LIONEL : Sing it then. Give me the chorus. BERTIE : No. Certainly not. fascinated by the plane Always wanted to build models. Father wouldn‟t allow it. He collected stamps. I had to collect stamps. LIONEL : You can finish that off. Bertie eagerly reaches for some balsa. LIONEL : If you sing. to “Swanee River” “When I was a boy with David...upon the Swanee River.” BERTIE : I can‟t sit here singing LIONEL : You can with me. BERTIE : Because you‟re peculiar. LIONEL : I take that as a compliment. BERTIE : I‟m not crooning “Swanee River” LIONEL : Try “Camptown Races” then. sings “My brother D, he said to me, doodah doo- dah...” Continuous sound will give you flow. Does it feel strange, now that David‟s on the throne? BERTIE : It was a relief... Knowing I wouldn‟t be King. Reaches into his jacket for his cigarette case. Then remembers, puts it away. LIONEL : But unless he produces an heir, you‟re next in line. And your daughter, Elizabeth, would then succeed you. BERTIE : “You‟re barking up the wrong tree now, Doctor, Doctor.” LIONEL : “Lionel, Lionel.” You didn‟t stammer. BERTIE : Of course I didn‟t stammer, I was singing realises Oh... part 3, INT. WAITING ROOM TO LOGUE‟S CHAMBERS – CONTINUOUS The unique way to minimize stuttering is by swearing. It is proved that as the royal family, it does not mean that the person is not an ordinary people who have a right even to swear. But of course it is not in the public appearance. Bertie as the royal member has a habit to swear when he feels angry or depressed and it works when he tries to avoid his stuttering. [11] LIONEL : Vulgar but fluent. You don‟t stammer when you swear. BERTIE : Bugger off PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIONEL : Is that the best you can do? BERTIE : Well bloody bugger to you, you beastly bastard. LIONEL : A public school prig can do better than that. BERTIE : Shit then. Shit, shit, shit LIONEL : See how defecation flows trippingly from the tongue? PART 6 INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM, HARLEY STREET - NEW DAY 4.1.1.3 Identities The identities are showed in the way the characters reveal their characteristics. The strong characters are promoted between these two main characters. Bertie has tough personality while Lionel has even tougher personality. Discourse which shows identities through ways of thinking, acting, interacting, valuing, feeling, and believing and Conversation that shows the contribution of action in language Gee, 2011 emphasize the finding. The identities show the characteristics of Lionel who are brave and patient and Bertie who are prideful and bad temper. Bertie as the main center of the character has the strong personality. He has two main characteristics that are significance in revealing the language use. The first characteristic is that he is proud person. The second is that he is temperament person. Bertie‟s characteristics are prideful. He is prideful as he is the son of the King George V and he demands to be respected. He does not want to be called as Bertie since only his family calls him Bertie. It hurts his pride when Lionel as a commoner calls him Bertie instead of The Royal Highness or Sir. He expresses his hurtful pride with anger. [12] LIONEL : How about Bertie? BERTIE : flushes Only my family uses that. LIONEL : Perfect. In here, it‟s better if we‟re equals. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI BERTIE : If we were equal I wouldn‟t be here. I‟d be at home with my wife and no-one would give a damn. Part 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM - DAY Bertie‟s identity is revealed through his bad temper. He is always angry every time Lionel asks him about the family matter. Bertie thinks that his family background does not have relation with the treatment that Lionel is going to do. Actually, it is important since Lionel as the speech therapist has to find out the psychological side of Bertie‟s family background so that he can make diagnosis. [13] LIONEL : What is it about David that stops you speaking? BERTIE : What the bloody hell is it that makes you bloody well want to go on about David? part 6, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM, HARLEY STREET - NEW DAY Lionel, on the other hands, has the tough characteristic since he has to deal with extraordinary person like Bertie. Fortunately, he has the characteristics that are easy to defend Bertie‟s characteristics. Lionel has brave and patient characteristics. His bravery is shown when he is not afraid or even nervous to deal with Bertie as the Duke of York, one of the sons of the King George V. He applies his own rule that the patient should go to his room to do the treatment. He also wants the equal relation between the therapist and the patient. Treating the member of royal family, Lionel is advised to follow some rules; however he keeps on doing his own rule. [14] LIONEL CONT‟D : I was told not not to sit too close. Bertie remains silent. LIONEL CONT‟D : I was also told, speaking with a Royal, one waits for the Royal to choose the topic. BERTIE : Waiting for me to commence a conversation one can wait a rather long wait. part 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – DAY This situation shows that Lionel does not really follow the rule that is given to him when treating Bertie. It is just a trigger from him to start a conversation with Bertie. He wants to know the characteristic of his patient. Lionel is a patient man. He has calm appearance and seems not easily influenced when the mood is getting high. It means that when Bertie shows his anger toward him, he barely shows his own emotion. He stays calm and understanding Bertie situation. He should keep himself calm to be able to control Bertie‟s anger. He seems okay though Bertie keeps mocking at him. [15] BERTIE : I can‟t sit here singing LIONEL : You can with me. BERTIE : Because you‟re peculiar. LIONEL : I take that as a compliment. part 4, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – CONTINUOUS --- [16] LIONEL : Why do you stammer more with David than you do with me? BERTIE : Because you‟re bloody well paid to listen The latter, angry, sentence is flawless. LIONEL : I‟m not a geisha girl. BERTIE : Stop trying to be so bloody clever part 6, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM, HARLEY STREET - NEW DAY Lionel digs the information about Bertie‟s personal life by asking about David who is Bertie‟s older brother. Bertie is angry to be compared with David and he tries to mock Lionel by stating that he pays Lionel properly. Instead of getting angry, Lionel says that he is not a geisha girl associating himself as the girl in the prostitution which makes Bertie more resent. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI In conclusion, Lionel‟s characteristics that are brave and patient lead him to treat Bertie successfully. With his characteristics he can win over Bertie‟s heart. He applies them in a consistent way so that Bertie can understand the method of his treatment thoroughly. 4.1.1.4 Relationships The use of nickname between Lionel and Bertie gives the treatment an atmosphere of friendship rather than therapist and patient relationship. It is proved that the language is used to show the relation between the speakers. The use of nickname becomes the mark of the friendship between Lionel and Bertie. [17] BERTIE : I‟m willing to work hard, Doctor Logue... LIONEL : Lionel. part 2, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM - NEW DAY [18] LOGUE : I‟ll put on some hot milk. BERTIE : Logue, I‟d kill for something stronger. LIONEL : I wasn‟t there for my father‟s death. Still makes me sad. part 4, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – CONTINUOUS Intertextuality also happens in the text. It refers to the situation both oral and written that has an association with another text though in a small portion, but still it is important Gee, 2011. Bertie is asked to read one sentence “To be or not to be, That is the question. Whether it is wiser...”. The choice of the text is not incidental but it is in purpose. The neurological science mentions that the choice of the sentence is in purpose being forwarded to the Broca aphasic sufferers who mostly have difficulty in delivering the word No ifs, ands, or buts Gardner Zurif: 1975. The hypothesis says that Broca aphasic patients cannot read the sentence “To be or not to be, That is the question. Whether it is wiser...” fluently. Instead, they can read fluently the sentence “two bee oar knot two bee”. Through this case, the result shows that the patients‟ problem is on the meaning of the sentences not on the pronunciation. Using this kind of intertextuality, Lionel wants to check the symptoms of stuttering that is happened to Bertie. 4.1.1.5 Politics One of the uses of the language is to distribute social goods that become the aspect of politic purpose. Lionel‟s intention is to cure the stuttering. He has the commitment to cure the stuttering with his own way. One of his ways is that he wants an equal relation with the patient and the therapist. In order to make his patient feels comfortable with his treatment and his demand for equality, he wants to be friend with the patient. The political side in this part is that Lionel has a good intention toward Bertie. [19] LIONEL : How about Bertie? BERTIE : flushes Only my family uses that. LIONEL : Perfect. In here, it‟s better if we‟re equals. BERTIE : If we were equal I wouldn‟t be here. I‟d be at home with my wife and no-one would give a damn. part 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM DAY [20] BERTIE : You know, Lionel, you‟re the first ordinary Englishman... LIONEL : Australian. BERTIE : I‟ve ever really spoken to. Sometimes, when I ride through the streets and see, you know, the Common Man staring at me, I‟m struck by how little I know of his life, and how little he knows of mine. LIONEL : What‟re friends for. BERTIE : I wouldn‟t know. part 4, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – CONTINUOUS The above situation is in their fourth meeting on the scene. Despite the fact that Lionel and Bertie have some scenes of resentful moment, Bertie can finally show PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI his comfort sharing his personal matter to Lionel. That is Lionel‟s goal as one of his service as the therapist. This is part of Lionel‟s good intention to treat Bertie as his patient and friend. 4.1.1.6 Connections To show the use of the language relating with connections, Gee suggests using Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar. One of the methods is by unraveling the relational and mental process. They are part of the Transitivity process. [21] BERTIE : If we were equal I wouldn‟t be here. I‟d be at home with my wife and no-one would give a damn. part 1, INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTATION ROOM – DAY The above quotation shows the relational process. This process conducts the identifying and classifying. The connection is the equality and its representation by calling each other a nickname. Therefore, the connection the use of nicknames rather than the formal names relates to the demand of equality. Lionel‟s method to be able to successfully conduct the treatment is by making friend with his patient. His patient is one of the members of the royal family. He is the Duke of York, Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George. Despite the fact, Lionel wants to keep his own rule. He ignores the rule that a royal should be treated a royal. He believes that when his patient is treated as a friend, this patient will receive better treatment both mentally and psychically. [22] LIONEL : Your first war time speech. Congratulations. BERTIE : Expect I shall have to do a great deal more. Thank you, Logue. Bertie stands and takes Lionel‟s hand BERTIE : Thank you. My friend. LIONEL : Thank you... Your Majesty. part 21, INT. BROADCASTING BOOTH, BUCKINGHAM PALACE – CONTINUOUS At the end of the movie, after finishing the war speech, for the very first time Bertie calls Lionel as his friend. Though Bertie does not show it through the word, but he feels the friendship during the process of the treatment. Therefore, the effort of Lionel to make the equality between him and Bertie finally works by using the nickname to call each other‟s names. 4.1.1.7 Sign System and Knowledge The sign system and knowledge that happens in the interaction is supposed to be formal language that is seen from the social language between the commoner the therapist and the royal family the king. Although it is not relevant, considering the relationship between the two, the context of equality is still acceptable. The situation is not relevant to the sign system and knowledge because the therapist violates the politeness that should be shown to the king. [23] Bertie : What the bloody hell is it that makes you bloddy well want to go on about David? Lionel : Vulgar but fluent. You don‟t stammer when you swear. Bertie : Bugger off Lionel : Is that the best you can do? Part 6 Int. Logue‟s Consultation Room, Harley Street - New Day The trigger on swearing proves that informal language, that is irrelevant to the relationship between the therapist and the king, is the most natural way to achieve the comfort during the treatment. The relevance to the sign system and knowledge is the effort to make the treatment comfortable. The Discourse that shows the way people interacting in the different discourses emphasizes the knowledge about the language that is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI supposed to be used between the therapist and the king that is formal language. However, the discourse in this context is the effort to find the equality, therefore the relevance of the sign system and knowledge is about equality that is acceptable in the way the therapist and the king interacting. By having Seven Building Tasks of Language to analyze the interaction between Lionel and Bertie, it concludes that they give general overview that starts with the significance. The significance of being equal and the practical treatment leads to the activities that are the sharing and doing mechanical practice such as singing, swearing, reading and humming. Identities, then, reveals Lionel‟s struggle to approach Bertie to win over Bertie‟s interest. Relationships are the result of using nicknames that introduce the equality between the therapist and the patient. The other relationships are the use of text „to be or not to be…‟ that refers to the intertextuality in which Lionel wants to check the symptom therefore he can adjust with the proper treatment. Politics show the good intention of the treatment conducted by Lionel. Connection and sign system and knowledge give the relevant information about using informal language to achieve the equality. Those seven elements link to each other to build the construction to help the king build his confident and comfort so that he can speak fluently. Therefore, the method can be proved to success because it finally helps the king overcoming his stuttering. The systemic functional grammar has the purpose to extend the message of the Seven Building Tasks of Language. It shows the detail information by revealing the clauses hidden message systemically. The analysis of the Systemic Functional Grammar is divided into three parts. They are ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function. Each of the function gives significant role to reveal the significant language use through the interaction between the therapist and the king. In this analysis, there is an agreement that the therapist is called Lionel and the king is Bertie. 4.1.2 Ideational Function Ideational function is the function that shows the clause as representation Halliday, 2004. It means that the clause shows the representation of the process of doing, sensing and reflection. It is seen through the composition of the clause. Therefore, transitivity process is needed to show the relation of the clause and its representation outside the words as it shows the process type of the clause mostly in material, mental and relational process. They are analyzed because they have the most dominant result as seen in the below table. Table 4.2 Result of Ideational Process 4.1 Situation Participant Process Mater ial Men tal Behavio ural Verb al Relatio nal Exista ntial 1 PART 1 INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTAT ION ROOM – DAY LIONEL 46 18 3 15 39 3 BERTIE 30 11 6 OTHERS 4 1 2 2 PART 2 INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTAT ION ROOM - NEW DAY LIONEL 39 12 7 8 32 - BERTIE 6 4 4 8 OTHERS 2 2 1 3 3 PART 4 INT. LOGUE‟S CONSULTAT ION ROOM – CONTINUOU S LIONEL 24 5 2 3 53 - BERTIE 36 20 4 12 OTHERS 5 - - - 4 PART 6 INT. LIONEL 12 3 2 4 20 - PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LOGUE‟S CONSULTAT ION ROOM, HARLEY STREET - NEW DAY BERTIE 8 2 2 13 OTHERS 1 - - - 5 PART 7 EXT. REGENT‟S PARK ORNAMENT AL GARDEN – DAY LIONEL 22 3 - 2 30 - BERTIE 20 4 1 1 OTHERS 1 1 - 1 6 PART 13. INT. WESTMINST ER ABBEY - THAT NIGHT LIONEL 44 15 5 11 74 2 BERTIE 30 7 5 3 OTHERS 9 3 - - 7 PART 14. INT. BERTIE‟S STUDY, BUCKINGHA M PALACE – DAY LIONEL 10 3 2 1 32 3 BERTIE 16 2 5 12 OTHERS - - 1 - 8 PART 16. INT. BROADCAST ING BOOTH – DAY LIONEL 6 4 1 3 14 - BERTIE 10 3 6 3 OTHERS 9 2 1 - 9 PART 17. INT. KING‟S STUDYBRO ADCAST ROOM, BUCKINGHA M PALACE – DAY LIONEL 1 - 1 - 10 - BERTIE 8 2 3 1 OTHERS - - - - 10 PART 18. INT.EXT. MONTAGE OF VARIOUS LOCATIONS LIONEL - - - - 13 - BERTIE 13 - - 1 OTHERS 6 - - - 11 PART 19. INT. BROADCAST ING BOOTH, BUCKINGHA LIONEL - - - - 3 - BERTIE 2 1 - - OTHERS - - - - M PALACE – CONTINUOU S 12 PART 21. INT. BROADCAST ING BOOTH, BUCKINGHA M PALACE – CONTINUOU S LIONEL 3 - 2 2 3 - BERTIE 7 - 2 3 OTHERS 2 1 1 1 The table shows the summary of the process of Transitivity. The twelve parts are divided into clauses that are analyzed through the Transitivity. The dynamic process is presented emphasizing the process of treatment from rejection into acceptance. The first part stresses the passiveness of Bertie when receiving the treatment in this case process of befriending. Lionel as the dominant actor in the first part shows his intention to make friend with Bertie in order to be equal. The second part is still the dominant of Lionel side to be the actor. In the middle part, Bertie shows his comfort joining Lionel‟s treatment. The last part shows his grateful to Lionel for helping him by stressing the use of relational process. 4.1.2.1 Material Process Material process is the process of doing-and-happening that represents the change in the flow of the events as giving the emphasizing on input of energy. The semantic role shows the actor as the subject and the goal as the object. Goal is not the only form of material process, but it also consists of range and beneficiary. The result shows that the first interaction is full of material process that is spoken by Lionel as the actor, while Bertie is the goal of the process. Lionel uses the sentences you …..make yourself comfortable, You …. don‟t have to answer in order to start the conversation with Bertie. He also represents his other patients as the actor to impress Bertie about the success of him being a therapist. He shows Bertie that one of his patients make a toy that is put in Lionel workplace. Lionel also uses the material process make to show his authority applying his rule during the treatment. Bertie, on the other hand, mostly becomes the goal of the material process. It is generally spoken by Lionel and Bertie in the way they use the sentences Only if you‟re…..interested in being treated, Sucking smoke into your lungs …..will kill you, and Stop calling me that. Lionel asks Bertie whether he is interested in being treated or not, tells Bertie that sucking smoke will kill him, and stops him to call Lionel as „doctor‟. However, Bertie also appears as an actor in the material process though it is described in the narration. The sentences I …..assure you, no infant…….starts to speak with a stammer, and no- one …….would give a damn, and stammer growing in intensity represent Bertie‟s doing in showing his message to Lionel. Starting to smoke, Bertie is asked not to do it therefore he gives Lionel an astonished look. At the end, Bertie has heavy stammering when he is asked about personal matter. Part 1 introduces the method giving distraction to Bertie so that he can speak fluently. Lionel gives instruction using material process to Bertie to read the whole sentence. The sentences And if I…..win, I….get to ask questions, One usually …..wagers money , I …..don‟t carry cash show the betting activity. Lionel offers a bet to Bertie if he can read he is paid one shilling. The next activity is using the sentences He …..sets a blank disc onto the turntable, and…..positions a microphone, then …..hands Bertie an open book conducting the process of giving PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Bertie the distraction by listening to the loud music so that he does not keep on thinking about his stuttering. Those words represent Lionel‟s activity in activating the recording tool. The second part reveals the changing role of Bertie that has dominant part in material process both as actor and goal. It is because this part conducts the mechanical treatment as Bertie requires. Therefore, the sentences and strengthen your tongue, I …..have a sieve of sifted thistles, you Just….slide into it, Anyone … can learn to give a speech, Bertie…..lies on the floor, dominate the action that has been done by Bertie during the mechanical therapy such as doing tongue twister, humming the first letter of a word and lying on the floor to control the respiration through the diaphragm. Part 3 introduces the singing activity offered by Lionel in order to make the speech become fluent. The material process you……Try singing it represents Lionel‟s command to Bertie to sing and change the lyric into the sentence that he wants to talk about. Lionel triggers Bertie by using the verbs you Sing it then, Give me the chorus in an imperative mood. This part also shows the progress on activity between Lionel and Bertie. Bertie tells Lionel about his childhood experience being oppressed by his own father. Bertie uses his father and himself as the actors of the material process. Father ……wouldn‟t allow it, I…..had to collect stamps are the lines that are used to represent the activity that Bertie‟s father has done in the past. It is described that his father collects the stamps so does Bertie. He cannot have his own hobby. Another method is introduced in part 4. The method reveals that by swearing, Bertie can speak fluently. The clause Because you‟re….bloody well PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI paid is the material process conducting Lionel as the object of the swearing. In here, Bertie inserts the swearing in the middle of the sentence. Lionel realizes that and he even encourages Bertie to do the swearing. The rest is represented through the verbal process saying the sentences Bloody, bloody, bloody Shit, shit, shit Bugger, bugger, bugger Fuck, fuck, fuck Part 10, 11 and 12 are the part when Bertie gives the war speech for the first time after being the king and also after being treated by Lionel. They are the result of the treatment process and the interaction process between Lionel and Bertie. Of course, the material process is done by Bertie in giving his speech. Overall, material process is the process of doing-and-happening. This process shows the physical action that is done by Lionel in order to approach Bert ie and Bertie in order to give objection and acceptance toward Lionel‟s treatment method. 4.1.2.2 Mental Process Mental clauses are concerned with the experiences of Bertie and Lionel about the world of their own consciousness. It means that the feeling, thinking, wanting and perceiving are conducted during the interaction between the two. The analysis conducts the two main characters as the Senser. The sentence I …..prefer Doctor accentuates the perception of Lionel that he wants to be equal with his patient. He does not care about the title of his patient as long as this patient can adapt with his rule. At the same time, Bertie also uses prefer to emphasize that he does not want to be equal with Lionel. He shows his depression finding the best treatment without having his personal matter been revealed. Therefore, when Lionel asks Bertie about his first PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI recollection, Bertie demands the confirmation by asking what do you….mean?. Mean here represents the mental process of wanting the confirmation. Lionel is not afraid of the rejection by Bertie. He never gives up asking Bertie in order to gain the first collection. He uses the sentence Do you …..hesitate when you think? to ask Bertie about the way he stutters. Other than that, Lionel keeps asking Bertie‟s thought about the reason why he becomes stuttering. Bertie uses the mental verb I….don‟t know to emphasize his anger toward Lionel. In addition, mental verb is conducted when Bertie saying that he does not care. The sentence I ….don‟t care care represents the other angers. Bertie declares his willing to overcome his stuttering in the second meeting with Lionel. It means that Bertie accepts Lionel as his personal therapist. Mental process shows Bertie‟s will and commitment to do the treatment. The sentence Logue consider s…. becomes the part when Lionel thinking about doing mechanic treatment as Bertie asking for. You ….want mechanics? and We….need to relax your throat muscles emphasize Lionel‟s decision since Bertie has already committed to his treatment. Bertie needs to relax his throat muscles and strengthen his tongue by saying tongue twister; therefore the activity is preceded by verbal process. This process also happens in the next mechanical treatment like humming the first letter of a word. Lionel asks Bertie to feel the loosening jaw as he is humming. Part 3 has rich examples of how mental process conducts in this research. This part shows Bertie comfortably shares his childhood experience with Lionel. Lionel takes this as a precious telling since he can find the proper treatment based on Bertie‟s first recollection the reason why he becomes stuttering. Therefore, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Bertie as the senser delivers the sentences It…..Happens to be my favorite, I ……Always wanted to build models, Knowing I…..wouldn‟t be King and Then he…..remembers, he….puts it away. He tells Lionel his favorite song by saying happens to be my favorite, shares his feeling about the unfairness of father to force Bertie to always follow his father‟s hobby. Bertie‟s perception on doing smoking that is not good for his lung is conducted when he rmembers what Lionel has told him about. Bertie‟s father also becomes a senser when it comes to the word encourage to tell Bertie that he should not stutter. In conclusion, mental process helps the researcher to know Bertie‟s feeling in the beginning of the treatment until the end of the treatment. The dynamic process happens during the mental process. It is a good progress that means Bertie‟s feeling, perception, and thought become the significant part in overcoming his stuttering. 4.1.2.3 Relational Process The significant part in this process is the process of being and having. Usually the process conducts the adjective as the value of the process. Relational process that is conducted in this analysis reveals the relation of the method and its necessity being applied. Bertie has difficulty in pronouncing the letter p in the initial position particularly when saying people. It is stated in his line The letter„P‟ is always difficult. It is part of value relation showing the difficulty saying the letter p. Lionel encourages him to add the sound a before that letter. It becomes a people. Bertie uses the method and it does work because it can cover his stuttering that people who listen to it think that it is natural to lengthen the sound a. Bertie uses PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI relational process saying that it is difficult to reveal Lionel‟s method having sound a before the letter p. The relational process in the form of token is stated in the line „a-peoples both at home and …‟ as the result of Lionel‟s suggestion to Bertie saying the words people using the article a. Token is part of real implication rather than value. After Lionel suggesting the method, Bertie does it directly as a token product of the value suggestion. 4.1.3 Interpersonal Function Mood function is part of interpersonal function that is to confide the message. The message is the implicit intention that Lionel brings to approach Bertie to make the treatment more comfortable. Moreover, interpersonal function analyzes the relationship with the addressee in this case Lionel as the addressee and Bertie as the addresser. The tone system also works in the analysis showing falling and rising. They become the fundamental opposition in which falling tone means certainty, rising tone means the opposite. Part 4 indicates the first meeting between Lionel and Bertie. The dominant of the mood system is declarative mood in particular the positive ones. The other moods are imperative, exclamative and interrogative are distributed through the interaction between Lionel and Bertie. The tone mood is in tone 1 since all of the lines spoken by Lionel represent certainty. The rest is the detail analysis showing the lines. Line 1 Interpersonal Function He „s a good lad, Willy Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 2 Interpersonal Function He Could hardly make a sound, Subject Finite Adjunct Predicator Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 3 Interpersonal Function You know Subject Finite Mood Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 4 Interpersonal Function when he first came to me. Subject Adjunct Finite Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 5 Interpersonal Function My boys made those. Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day The above script shows the first meeting. Declarative mood are dominant in Lionel‟s side when greeting Bertie for the very first time. He declares something positive to be able to impress Bertie. The five first lines show Lionel‟s effort that is mostly positive. The use of declarative mood shows the intention of Lionel in order to approach Bertie. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Line 6 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Know any jokes? Predicator Complement Residue Interrogative yesno part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 7 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: Timing isn‟t my strong suit. Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative: negative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 8 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Cuppa tea? Residue Interrogative: yesno part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 9 Interpersonal Function BERTIE : No thank you. Residue Declarative: negative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day During the six first lines of Lionel‟s talking, there is not yet a respond from Bertie. He remains silent. Finally, after the interrogative mood about knowing a joke that is offered by Lionel, Bertie responds it with the declarative mood saying that he is not interested in jokes. In concludes that Bertie responds it using declarative that is negative type. The next offering is also responded with the negative declaration that Bertie refuses Lionel‟s offering of cup of tea. Tone 1 is used by Bertie in respon ding Lionel‟s interrogation. It means that he clearly says rejection toward Lionel‟s offering. Line 10 Interpersonal Function BERTIE:My physicians say it relaxes the throat. Subject Finite Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 11 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: They ‟re idiots. Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 12 Interpersonal Function BERTIE : They ‟ve all been knighted. Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 13 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Makes it official then. Finite Subject Complement Adjunct Mood Residue Imperative:positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Lionel is described as a brave personality that he does not considerate the person‟s title as long as that person agrees to be his patient. Lionel treats Bertie as if his other ordinary patients. He asks Bertie not to smoke. Bertie responds it with positive declaration that the physician before Lionel tells him to do so. Using the positive declaration, Lionel using tone 1 says that the previous one is idiot. Again, Bertie responds it with positive declaration that all physicians before Lionel have already been knighted. Imperative that is used by Lionel shows that he uses irony to comment to the physicians that have been knighted. His imperative is still in a positive way. Line 14 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: What was your earliest memory? Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Interrogative: wh- question part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Line 15 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: What an earth do you mean? Subject Complement Finite Subject Predicator Mood Residue Interrogative: wh- question part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 16 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: First recollection. Complement Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 17 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: I ‟m not here to discuss personal matters. Subject Finite Adjunct Adjunct Complement Mood Residue Declarative: negative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Question is reacted with question. However, it is different in the tone element. Lionel uses tone 1 whereas Bertie uses tone 4 though it is in the form of question. That is what happens in Bertie‟s reaction when he is asked about his previous experience that implicitly asking about his reason why he stammers. When Lionel uses positive declaration to confirm his question about digging Bertie‟s trauma, Bertie responds it with negative declaration showing his mind about sharing his personal matters to Lionel, though at this step, Bertie still shows his declarative rather than exclamative or imperative mood. Line 18 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Everyone natters occasionally, Bertie. Subject Finite Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 19 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: Stop calling me that Finite Subject Complement Mood Residue Exclamation part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 20 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: I ‟m not Going to call you anything else. Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct Complement Mood Residue Declarative: negative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Line 21 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: Then we shan‟t speak Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Exclamative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Exclamative happens for the first time on Bertie‟s side when he is called Bertie as his only royal family uses that. He does not want to be called as Bertie by a commoner like Lionel. Lionel responds it with the same calmness but in a negative declaration that he insists on calling Bertie his nickname. Another exclamative exists in the way Bertie warns Lionel that they should not speak. This is part of struggle that Lionel should face patiently to win Bertie‟s heart so that at the end the treatment will be more enjoyable. Tone 5 is used as a result of Bertie‟s surprise of Lionel‟s question. Line 22 Interpersonal Function LIONEL:when you talk to yourself, Subject Finite Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 23 Interpersonal Function do you stammer? Finite Subject Predicator PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Mood Residue Interrogative: yesno part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 24 Interpersonal Function BERTIE : Of course not Residue Exclamative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 25 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: What do you think was the cause? Subject Finite Subject Predicator Finite Complement Mood Residue Mood Residue Interrogative: wh- question part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 26 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: I don‟t know Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Exclamation part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 27 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: I don‟t care Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Exclamation part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 28 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: “To be or not to be, That is the question. Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 29 Interpersonal Function Whether it is wiser...” Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 30 Interpersonal Function BERTIE : I can‟t read Subject Finite Predicator Mood Residue Declarative: negative part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 31 Interpersonal Function BERTIE : Hopeless. Hopeless Residue Exclamation part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 32 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: You were sublime. Subject Finite Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day Line 33 Interpersonal Function Would I lie to a prince of the realm to win twelvepence? Modal adjunct Subject Finite Adjunct Adjunct Complement Mood Residue Interrogative: yesno part 1, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Day The first meeting is full of exclamative done by Bertie showing that he cannot accept Lionel‟s method. Lionel, having brave and patient characteristics, shows his effort to commit on his rule to apply his method. Exclamative is generally in tone 5 stressing on amazement, however they are responded with tone 1 meaning certainty without rising tone. It explains that Lionel does not start to get emotional. Moreover, the last line describes Lionel‟s respond in interrogative mood yesno question to confirm about the certainty that he tells the truth. The tone is tone number 2 with the falling tone asking for agreement. Since this part is the first interaction between Lionel and Bertie, the use of mood is very significant showing the first impression that Lionel has to struggle with. The mood consists of declarative mood that mostly in positive way that is conducted by Lionel. It is also in negative polarity in the way Bertie rejecting Lionel‟s offer. Exclamative emphasizes Bertie‟s disagreement and the tone gives the touch of certainty of being angry. The next meeting shows the reducing tension between Lionel and Bertie. The use of declarative is mostly positive and the use of exclamative is reduced. The tone is mostly in tone 1 meaning that though it contains of disagreement, the atmosphere is still positive. There is no significant tension. The rest of the table analyses the progress in the mood and tone system. Line 34 Interpersonal Function LOGUE: I ‟ll put on some hot milk. Subject Finite Predicator Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 35 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: Logue, I ‟d kill for something stronger. Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 36 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: I wasn‟t there for my father‟s death. Subject Finite Complement Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative: negative Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 37 Interpersonal Function Still makes me sad. Finite Subject Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 38 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: I can imagine so. Subject Finite Predicator Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 39 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: I was informed, Subject Finite Predcator Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 40 Interpersonal Function after the fact, my father‟s last words were: Adjunct Subject Finite Mood Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 41 Interpersonal Function “Bertie has more guts than the rest of his brothers put together. Subject Finite Complement Adjunct Predicator Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 42 Interpersonal Function ”He couldn‟t say that to my face. Subject Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous It can be seen from the tables that positive declaration mostly happens in the interaction. Bertie is in a state of calm when he talks with Lionel even when talking about feeling of sorry after the death of the father. The interaction is not on ly in the side of Lionel but also Bertie asks question about Lionel‟s father. Negative declaration is only spoken by Lionel telling that he is sorry not to attend his father‟s funeral. Bertie even comfortably shares what his father‟s last words to Lionel. Line 43 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Try singing it. Predicator Adjunct Complement Residue PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Imperative Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 44 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Know any songs? Finite Complement Residue Interrogative: yesno Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 45 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: Songs? Residue Interrogative: wh- question Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 46 Interpersonal Function LIONEL: Yes songs. Subject Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 47 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: “Swanee River”. Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 48 Interpersonal Function You ‟re next in line. Subject Finite Adjunct Adjunct PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 49 Interpersonal Function And your daughter, Elizabeth, would then succeed you. Subject Finite Adjunct Predicator Complement Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous Line 50 Interpersonal Function BERTIE: “You ‟re barking up the wrong tree now, Doctor, Doctor .” Subject Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct Vocative Mood Residue Declarative: positive Part 4, Intl. Logue‟s Consultation Room – Continuous The imperative shows Lionel‟s method when Bertie dealing with his stuttering. Lionel commands Bertie to sing with changing lyric so that Bertie can speak fluently. Responding to Lionel‟s command, Bertie gives interrogative yesno question to indicate that he asks for confirmation. Compared to the previous meeting, this is expectedly that Bertie will respond it with negative declaration. However, this part does not indicate negative declaration in Bertie‟s side. Lionel tries to provoke Bertie talking about the possibility that Bertie might be the next king since David, the older brother is about to give in the crown. In this situation, Bertie should be angry because Lionel does not have any right to advice who to be the next king. In his singing, Bertie says you‟re barking PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI up the wrong trees, Doctor, Doctor even in positive declaration though it implies disagreement about Lionel‟s statement. The reduction of exclamative and negative declaration that is shown in Bertie‟s language use indicates that he starts to enjoy the treatment and interaction with Lionel. The falling and rising tone also represent the reduced tension between the two. One of the methods to overcome stuttering which is by singing is also introduced during the interaction. This is part of the implicit intention that Lionel wants to conduct. Interpersonal function is analyzed through the combination of Mood system and tone. They represent the mood of the therapist and especially the king through the process of the interaction using the declarative, imperative and interrogative mood. By using this process, the dynamic change of the king from rejecting to accepting Lionel‟s method can be analyzed. 4.1.4 Textual Function It is said that the clause comprehend a quantum of human experience that includes some process or some change in the human environment. Three types are conducted in the process namely the process itself, the participants in that process and any circumstantial factors such as time. Manner or cause Halliday, 2004 . This function, therefore shows the process of change of Bertie‟s attitude and respond toward Lionel after several emotional meetings. Lionel uses unmarked theme selection in his very first sentence to talk with Bertie. He does not use special conjunction or conjunctive adjunct because he thinks that the conversation conducts smoothly. He expects Bertie to respond to what he says. However it does not work since Bertie only remains silent. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 3.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL CONT‟D : My boys made those. Unmarked Good, aren‟t they. - - Marked Please, make yourself comfortable - - Marked Knowing that Lionel cannot easily talk to Bertie, he uses the marked theme selection by saying Good and Please in the initial position. However, he still does not use the conjunction, conjunctive adjuct or even continuative. In this continuative, Lionel still has no idea what to call Bertie as the Duke of York. Table 4.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL CONT’D : I was also told, - - Unmarked speaking with a Royal, one waits for the Royal to choose the topic. - - Marked BERTIE : Waiting for me to commence a conversation one can wait a rather long wait. - - Marked Table 5.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL : Know any jokes? - - Unmarked BERTIE : Timing isn‟t my strong suit. - - Marked The conversation above shows Bertie‟s very first respond to what Lionel says about him. His respond uses the marked theme selection in order to highlight his discomfort toward Lionel. Bertie states that he does not want to be too attached in a conversation especially to the one that is supposed to cure him. He also states clearly that he hates jokes and he will not do that to his therapist. The use of marked selected themes is significant to represent Ber tie‟s thought and discomfort. Table 6.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL : Perfect. + - Unmarked In here, it‟s better if we‟re equals. + - Marked BERTIE : If we were equal I wouldn‟t be here. + - Marked The quotation represents Bertie‟s disagreement to the offering of equality. The textual themes are shown in the use of conjunction in the sense of semantic meaning like in here and if. Bertie highlight the use of the conjunction in the initial clause because he wants to say that he disagrees with Lionel‟s idea being equal, therefore marked theme selection is existed in the script. Lionel also shows his intention toward Bertie that he wants the treatment should as comfortable as possible; therefore he uses the marked theme selection in the word in here to emphasize that he really is serious about equality in his authority. Table 7.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal Bertie starts to light a cigarette from a silver case. - - Unmarked LIONEL : Don‟t do that. - - Marked Bertie gives him an astonished look. - - Unmarked Showing care to his patient is one of Lionel‟s intentions toward Bertie. He asks Bertie casually not to smoke when he sees that Bertie is about to take out his cigarette. Marked theme selection on putting the negative verbal group don‟t has the purpose to show the informal situation. Lionel wants the treatment being informal, therefore he applies that situation into his treatment through saying don‟t casually to Bertie. Table 8.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL : Why‟re you here then? - - Unmarked BERTIE : exploding - stammer free Because I bloody well stammer + - Unmarked LIONEL : Temper. - - Unmarked The textual theme shown in the use of conjunction because indicates anger on Bertie‟s side. Insisting that he does not want to tell his stuttering experience, Bertie is resentful when being asked the reason being with Lionel. The sudden saying of because with certain intonation reflects his anger toward Lionel. Table 9.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL CONT’D : Everyone natters occasionally, Bertie. - + Unmarked BERTIE : Stop calling me that - - Unmarked LIONEL : I‟m not going to call you anything else. - - Unmarked It seems that Lionel challenges Bertie‟s emotion to be revealed completely. The quotation above indicates that Lionel really tries hard to make himself being attacked with Bertie. The vocative shows the action that Lionel has done in order still to call Bertie his nickname. The other unmarked theme selections show that Lionel responds Bertie‟s anger with such kind of calmness. Table 10.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL : Bet you, Bertie, - + Unmarked you can read flawlessly, right here, right now. - - Unmarked Bertie snorts dismissively. - - Unmarked LIONEL CONT’D : And if I win, + - Marked I get to ask questions. - - Unmarked BERTIE : And if I win? + - Unmarked The clause And if I win shows the marked theme selection that represents Lionel‟s bet on Bertie to do a trial. He emphasizes the clause since he wants to make sure that he does not play unserious bet. He really wants to win over Bertie. Meanwhil e, Bertie‟s use of the same clause And if I win? Shows his eagerness to accept Lionel‟s bet because he is kind of sure that he cannot do the trial. Table 11.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE : You‟re playing music. - - Unmarked LIONEL : I know. - - Unmarked BERTIE : How can I hear what I‟m saying? - - Unmarked LIONEL : Surely a Prince ‟s brain knows what its mouth is doing? - + Marked To impress Bertie, Lionel asks him to read while listening to the loud music. Bertie follows the instruction while wondering how he can listen to what he reads about. Lionel, using the marked theme selection, emphasizes on the word prince who is supposed to be clever enough to understand the situation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Table 12.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE: I‟ve no idea - - Unmarked what an Australian might do for that sort of money. - - Marked LIONEL: Shall I play it? - - Unmarked Bertie, again, shows his anger toward Lionel when he is hopeless. He thinks that Lionel‟s method is not appropriate for him. It is known that Lionel is not even an English man. He is not even a doctor but only a speech therapist without any title. Therefore, he highlights the clause what an Australian to point to Lionel‟s method. As a result, the clause is part of the marked theme selection. The second part of the interaction shows the progress. Bertie is able to accept Lionel as a friend rather than a therapist. He shares his story comfortably to Lionel. The vocative and marked theme selection dominate the process of progression. The interaction is based on part 4 meaning that it is the fourth significant interaction between Lionel and Bertie. The purpose is to compare Bertie‟s respond toward Lionel‟s method in their very first meeting and the fourth meeting. Table 13.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LOGUE: I‟ll put on some hot milk. - - Unmarked BERTIE: Logue, I‟d kill for something stronger. - + Marked The conversation above shows that Bertie can easily visit Lionel when he feels weary. The situation is when Bertie‟s father, King George V, has passed PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI away. Bertie visits Lionel in order to calm down his feeling by sharing it with Lionel. The progress is significant because Bertie willingly comes to Lionel even when there is no session of treatment. The use of vocative Logue shows that Bertie even agrees to follow Lionel‟s rule about being equal. Moreover, the vocative is in the initial position that indicates the marked theme selection. It means that Bertie throws away his pride and temper to be equal with his people. Table 14.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL: I wasn‟t there for my father‟s death. - - Unmarked Still makes me sad. - - Unmarked BERTIE: I can imagine so. - - Unmarked Lionel passes Bertie a brandy. - - Unmarked Table 15.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL: Try singing it. - - Unmarked BERTIE: Pardon? + - Unmarked LIONEL: Know any songs? - - Unmarked BERTIE: Songs? - - Unmarked The unmarked theme selection represents the dynamic atmosphere between Lionel and Bertie. There is no emphasizing on the line whether anger or convincement. The interaction runs smoothly as Lionel tells Bertie about his father and Bertie responds it with sense of condolence. It is far much better compared with the first meeting when Bertie always responds to Lionel‟s words with anger. Another quotation is when Bertie gets a heavy stuttering. He can‟t barely speak therefore Lionel asks him to sing a song. It can be seen from the respond that Bertie seems considerate the singing activity to make his speaking fluent. The unmarked theme selection, once again, reveals that the conversation runs smoothly. Table 16.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE: I can‟t sit here singing - - Unmarked LIONEL: You can with me. - - Unmarked BERTIE: Because you‟re peculiar. + - Unmarked The tension is a bit high in the situation when Lionel keeps insisting that Bertie should sing a song to finish his sentence. Unmarked selection theme is conducted when Bertie states that he does not want to sing. However, when another unmarked selection that comes from Lionel is conducted, Bertie emphasizes the conjunction because to refer to his disagreement. Table 17.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE: It was a relief... - - Unmarked Knowing I wouldn‟t be King. - - Marked Reaches into his jacket for his cigarette case. - - Unmarked Then remembers, puts it away. + - Marked Bertie shares his feeling about how relief of him knowing that his brother will be the next king rather than himself. There is a pause between relief and knowing that shows that Bertie actually wants to accentuate his relief by knowing that he will not be a king. It is shown in the use of marked selection theme. The progress is also stressed in the use of marked selection theme when the narrator emphasizes the clause then remembers in order to refer to the first meeting that Lionel asks Bertie not to smoke. Moreover, the textual theme then refers to temporal type of conjunctive adjunct that shows the previous scene or memory. Table 18.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL: But unless he produces an heir, + - Marked you‟re next in line. - - Unmarked And your daughter, Elizabeth, would then succeed you. + + Unmarked Lionel‟s approach to cure Bertie‟s stuttering is making the treatment as comfortable as possible. He approaches Bertie by making friend with him. One of the ways is by encouraging Bertie to be confident. In the lines, it is pictured that Lionel encourages Bertie that actually he has possibility to be the future king. Lionel‟s intention is accentuated in the way he uses the textual theme but adversative and the marked selection theme but unless he produces an heir to emphasize the possibility th erefore it is used to encourage Bertie‟s confident. The use of textual theme and shows the additive information to support the previous clause. The use of vocative Elizabeth defends the additive information to directly point to the object. Table 19.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE: “You‟re barking up the wrong tree now, Doctor, Doctor .” - + Unmarked LIONEL: “Lionel, Lionel.” - + Unmarked You didn‟t stammer. - - Unmarked BERTIE: Of course I didn‟t stammer, + - Unmarked I was singing - - Unmarked realises - - Unmarked Oh... + - Unmarked LIONEL: Well, as a little reward, you get to put some glue on these struts. + - Marked PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI This part is very rich in textual and interpersonal theme and marked theme selection. The vocative Doctor, Doctor and Lionel, Lionel are used to remain Bertie that he should call Lionel his surname. On Bertie‟s side, he calls Lionel as Doctor because he wants to remind Lionel about the limit of his words. Lionel does not have right to advice Bertie what should he does. To be or not to be a king is Bertie‟s matter. He thinks that Lionel has nothing to do with that matter. The use of textual theme is stressed out in the obviousness meaning of course. Bertie says it in the initial position that means he is sure about how obvious he is when he does not stammer. Then he realizes that it is because he is singing. The last is the use of well that signs a new move when the dialogue happens. Lionel probably agrees with Bertie that he has no right about encouraging Bertie to be a king. Therefore, he changes the topic by using well in order to give Bertie a reward for he is willing to sing. Thus, the marked theme selection is conducted in the first clause to emphasize the changing topic. Table 20.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE CONT’D : You know, Lionel , you‟re the first ordinary Englishman... - + Marked LIONEL : Australian. - - Unmarked BERTIE : ...I‟ve ever really spoken to. - - Unmarked Sometimes, when I ride through the streets and see, + - Marked you know, the Common Man staring at me, + - Unmarked I‟m struck by how little I know of his life, - - Unmarked and how little he knows of mine. + - Unmarked LIONEL : What‟re friends for. - - Marked PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The session of this part finally reveals the confession of Bertie who admits implicitly that he is grateful to have Lionel as his therapist. The use of you know means admission. Bertie admits that Lionel is the first Australian to whom to talk such a personal matter. To the matter of fact, it is being marked to make sure that Lionel really listens to what Bertie says. The confession continues when Bertie uses textual theme sometimes as a type of usuality that means how often it happens to Bertie. He happens to witness how often he is starred by people who seem to judge his life. Another admission you know is used when he wants to emphasize the Common Man such Lionel knows little ab out Bertie‟s life. Additive type supports the other statements that Bertie also feels the same way that he does not know other people‟s lives. Lionel responds with marked theme selection using nominal group functioning as interrogative wh- element, which is what‟re friend for. The third session is the last session that is used to reveal the language use that is analyzed through textual function. This part describes Bertie‟s rehearsal for his coronation in the next day. Lionel helps him to memorize his line and, of course, to encourage him to speak fluently. During the rehearsal, the tension between Lionel and Bertie arises but at the end can be resolved successfully. It is proved that Bertie really changes from time to time in accepting the treatment. Table 21.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE : I‟m not here to rehearse, Doctor Logue. - + Unmarked Pause- Left unanalyzed BERTIE CONT’D : True, you never called yourself „Doctor‟. - - Marked I did that for you. - - Unmarked MORE No diploma, no training, no qualifications. - - Unmarked Just a great deal of nerve. - - Unmarked Bertie knows for the very first time that Lionel is not even a doctor. To make him worse, Lionel is not the credential therapist that is knighted by the royal family. In conclusion, he is totally an outsider, an Australian and only a speech defect without title. However, Bertie admits that Lionel has such a great ability to cure his patient and during the process of befriending, Bertie finally trusts him though he never shows it to Lionel explicitly. This part of the conversation shows the confirmation that is said by Bertie. Vocative Doctor Logue is to trig Lionel‟s reaction as he is called doctor. However, there is no respond From Lionel. Bertie continues using marked theme selection true to emphasize his confirmation toward Logue‟s tittle. At the end he uses unmarked theme selection I did that for you to say that he does not mind at all but in an explicit way. Therefore, he uses unmarked theme in order to hide his true admission toward Lio nel‟s ability. Once again, Bertie uses unmarked theme selection when saying just a great deal of nerves to show another admission that Lionel has such a brave characteristic but Bertie does not want to make it obvious. Table 22.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL : It‟s true, - - Unmarked I‟m not a doctor, - - Unmarked and yes I acted a bit, + - Unmarked recited in pubs and taught elocution in schools. - - Unmarked When the Great War came, our boys were pouring back from the front, + - Marked shell-shocked and unable to speak - - Unmarked and somebody said, + - Unmarked “Lionel, you‟re very good at all this speech stuff. Do you think you could possibly help these poor buggers”. - + Unmarked PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I did muscle therapy, exercise, relaxation, - - Unmarked but I knew I had to go deeper. + - Unmarked Those poor young blokes had cried out in fear, - - Unmarked and no-one was listening to them. + - Unmarked My job was to give them faith in their voice - - Unmarked and let them know + - Unmarked that a friend was listening. + - Unmarked That must ring a few bells with you, Bertie. - + Unmarked In order to respond to Bertie‟s confirmation, Bertie uses some stresses in his achievement curing many stutterers in his previous years before meeting Bertie. There are four textual themes that are used in Lionel‟s line. The type of the textual theme is additive means that Lionel accentuates the word and to highlight past experience that is important for Bertie to be known. Things that Bertie should know is that Lionel is also an actor rather than a doctor, that he is asked to help the soldier who stutters, that he helps ignored soldiers because of their disability to speak and that he lets those soldiers know that he is their friends rather than their therapist that also happens with Bertie. Table 23.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE : Inquiries have been made - - Unmarked You have no idea - - Unmarked who I have breathing down my neck. + - Unmarked I vouched for you - - Unmarked and you have no credentials. + - Unmarked Bertie‟s temper somehow is unbelievable. It is not enough for him to admit Lionel‟s credibility but he has to make it like a worthy argument. Still, he uses unmarked theme selection to hide his true intention, but he uses textual PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI theme but to show adversative. It means that he does not want to agree with Lionel, not with his pride. At the end, he stresses the status of Lionel using additive and in an unmarked theme selection. Table 24.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal BERTIE: Divine right, if you must - - Marked I‟m your King - - Unmarked LIONEL: Noooo you‟re not - - Marked Told me so yourself. - - Unmarked Said - - Unmarked you didn‟t want it. - - Unmarked So why should I waste my time listening to you? + - Unmarked BERTIE: Because I have a right to be heard + - Unmarked LIONEL: Heard as what? - - Marked BERTIE: A man - - Unmarked I HAVE A VOICE - - Unmarked LIONEL: quietly Yes you do. - - Marked You have such perseverance, - - Unmarked Bertie, you‟re the bravest man I know. - + Unmarked And you‟ll make a bloody good king. + - Unmarked Knowing that Bertie is in a state of melancholy level, Lionel tries to provoke him by using marked theme selection and textual theme. The markedness is shown in the way Lionel says no in a longer tone that stresses his disagreement with Bertie. Moreover, he uses causal type of conjunctive adjunct so to confirm his disagreement. Being triggered with Lionel‟s provocation, Bertie responds it with the same use of causal because in the initial position to directly react to Lionel‟s disagreement. In here, Bertie says confidently that he is a king who must be heard by his people. Again, Lionel uses marked theme selection using wh- question as the object of the clause to hear the answer that is expected from Bertie. When Bertie says that he has a right to be heard a king, Lionel‟s response is in marked theme selection to emphasize his changing thought, agreement toward Bertie. To close his confirmation, Lionel uses additive and to say that Bertie has such perseverance and the use of vocative Bertie to focus on Lionel‟s intention provoking Bertie. Table 25.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal You didn‟t consult, but you‟ve just been advised. - - Unmarked BERTIE : Now I advise you: + - Unmarked in this personal matter I will make my own decision. - - Marked COSMO LANG: My concern is for the head upon - - Unmarked which I must place the crown. + - Unmarked BERTIE : I appreciate that Archbishop, - - Unmarked but it‟s my head + - Unmarked The dominant of textual theme happens in this part when Bertie is on Lionel‟s side. He defends Lionel who is about to be fired from his position as the therapist by the archbishop. Bertie uses textual theme now as temporal type to show his authority that now he can make a decision. He emphasizes the clause in this personal matter in marked selection them to stress the authority. When the archbishop still confronts Bertie‟s statement, Bertie uses adversative but to say the opposite idea of the archbishop. Table 26.4.2.3 Textual Function Sentences Theme Theme Selection Textual Interpersonal LIONEL CONT’D :As soon as you and Elizabeth enter the West door, you‟ll be greeted with the hymn “I Was Glad When They Said Unto Me.” - - Marked You won‟t actually be that glad, - - Unmarked because they sing it for a great long time. + - Unmarked Then your friend the Archbishop will ponce up and say, + - Unmarked Here, Lionel tries to make the rehearsal is as fun as possible. The use of marked theme selection in As soon as you and Elizabeth enter the West door indicates the procedure that Bertie should follow and highlight. In addition, Lionel use type of causal in the initial position to introduce his joke that the choir will sing in a great long time that literally will not make Bertie be glad at all since the title of the welcoming song is “I Was Glad When They Said Unto Me.” The emphasizing of other jokes is in the use of then as the temporal type of conjunctive adjunct. It is placed in the initial position since it accentuates the next joking that is ar chbishop as the king‟s friend. The diction friend is not appropriate therefore it is part of Lionel making joke to give fun in the rehearsal. The result is good since Bertie does not even object Lionel‟s jokes. The textual function emphasized the use of marked and unmarked theme selection. The characters used those theme selections to emphasize the intention whether to object or to agree with each other. The marked theme selection is to accentuate the statement both of the characters showing their concerns.

4.2 The Power of Language to Overcome the Stuttering Compared with