The source texts should be translated completely and accurately.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

Some studies have been carried out concerning the readability in translation. The following is a summary of related studies that focus on the readability of a translation.

1. Ardiansah, “The Effects of Using Translation Strategy to Overcome

Cultural Problems in Translating Words Related to Tools in Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer into This Earth of Mankind, translated by Max Lane”. In this thesis, Ardiansah found out there are four kinds of translation strategies used to translate the work of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Max Lane used superordinate, cultural substitution, loan word plus explanation, and paraphrase using a related word. Lexically and contextually, different translation strategies applied to translate culture-specific ideas will bring forth different concepts. These include loss and gain of meaning, accuracy of translation, and wrong translation. Analysis of the different strategies used will generate different data and results. This thesis discusses ideas to explain the cultural issues from the source text in the translated text. Contrary to the focus of Ardiansah’s thesis, the writer focuses on explaining the readability and translation method used in the data. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

2. Pribadi’s “The Study of Translation Methods in Translating

Wizardry Terms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret”. In his thesis, guided by Hervey’s Translation Methods, Pribadi found that “communicative translation” is the dominant method used by Listiana Srisanti, who translated English version Wizardry terms of the Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret into Indonesian version. Communicative translation is compatible with the translation of fiction novel, as it emphasizes on conveying meaning through basic word forms. The reader understands the complicated terms used in the novel from the word structure used. Thus, Hervey’s Translation Method became the main method used by the writer to find out what is dominant translation in Indonesia Version of Toshiba Warranty texts. Contrary to Pribadi, the writer focused his thesis on the readability of legal document translation instead of on the comprehensibility of the translated terms.

B. Review of Related Theories

These are the theories use to analyze the issues that occur in this study.

1. Theories of Translation

The theories of translation chosen to support this study are written by Nida and Taber in The Theory and Practice of Translation, which states that “translation is the reproduction in a receptor language of the closer natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style” 1982:208. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI From Nida and Taber’s statement, we can draw a logical explanation: “translation is a re-production of Source Language SL into the Target Language TL that conveys a natural equivalent message of the SL, wherein the higher priority is the meaning, then the style”. Bell’s statement in Translation and Translating: Theories and Practice contains a similar concept to Nida and Taber: “translation is an expression in another language or target language of what has been expressed in one language or source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence” 1991:5. Moreover, Bell states that “translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language”. The theories explained by Nida, Taber, and Bell show that the layman meaning of translation is “transferring the Source Language SL into the Target Language TL, with the meaning and style of the original message still conveyed in the TL”.

2. Translation Readability

Translation readability is one of the important aspects that we analyze as a proper standard. It is a measure of how far can the text be read and understood by the people who read it. So translated text can be read SL in their language. Using Nida and Taber’s theory about reproducing message in chapter two of their book, translating must aim primarily at “reproducing the message”.