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3. For other researchers
The study will hopefully encourage them to make an evaluation and revision. Expectantly, they can produce a better one in the future.
F. Definition of Terms
There are several terms need to be defined in order to avoid misinterpretation and misunderstanding.
1. Design
The term ‘design’ is defined as creating a new set of materials that fit the learning objectives and specifics subject area of particular students Hutchinson
and Waters, 1994: 106. According to Houle 1978: 230, design is a developed plan to guide educational activity in a situation. The plan refers to the design
itself, which will be used in the class. The term design in the study refers to create a new set of speaking instructional materials based on the theory of multiple
intelligences.
2. Instructional Materials
Dick and Reiser suggest that instructional materials are the materials planned or designed by the teacher for the teaching instructions 1983:3.
Savignon defined instructional materials as a resource in pursuing language activities 1983:24. In the study, the instructional materials is defined as a set of
materials consisting of activities and exercises planned and arranged as a resource to pursue a language activity in teaching English for the tenth grade students of
Senior High School through speaking ability.
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3. Speaking
Speaking ability is the ability to practice language as a system to convey meaning Gastain, 1988: 292. In the speaking process, the speaker produces the
massage and the hearer receives it. Thus, speaking is a part of reciprocal exchange in which the reception and production play apart Widdowson, 1978: 57. In the
study, speaking is defined as activities to utter words with voice to express opinions, feelings, and ideas.
4. Intelligence
Gardner as cited by Campbell defined that intelligence as the ability to solve problems that one encounters in real life, the ability to generate new problems,
and the ability to make something or offer a service that is valued within one’s culture 1996: xv. From the definition, intelligence is not marked from the test
that we have before. Intelligence is wider than that. It is more complex than it seems. Intelligence is about how a person tries to solve his own problem in his
life, how intelligence helps people to question new problems in order to achieve something more than they have right now. Additionally, Wechsler, the developer
of the Intelligence Scales for children, adolescents, and adults, prefers to define intelligence as the capability or global capacity of the individuals to act
purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with environment Wechsler, 2000: 1. In the study, intelligence then, is the power for students to
achieve their success in learning English as a second language through speaking ability.
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5. Senior High School Students
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