34 Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. Their comments gained
evaluation and feedback on the designed materials.
Table 3.1. The Description of Preliminary Field Testing Participants
Educational Background Teaching Experience
Sex Group of
Respondents
D3 S1
S2 S3
1 1 - 5
5-10 10
M F
English Teachers
- 2
- -
- 1
- 1
- 2
English Lecturers
- 1
- 1
- -
- 2
1 1
C. Research Instruments
The data, which were gathered, gave valuable contribution in designing and revising a set of English speaking materials based on multiple intelligences theory
for the tenth grade students of SMA BOPKRI I Yogyakarta. The instruments used to gather the data in this research were interviews and questionnaires.
1. Research and Information Collecting Instruments
Questionnaires and interviews were used in the study as the research instruments. A questionnaire was an instrument to gather information through the
participants’ written responses to a list of questions. According to Ary 1990: 424, there are two types of questionnaires, “closed questionnaire” and “open
questionnaire”. In this part, the two types of questionnaire were combined to get the appropriate answer. The questionnaire was called semi-open questionnaire
where the checklist questions type were used for the tenth grade students of SMA BOPKRI I Yogyakarta. The checklist question type defines as questions with
number of possible answers Ary, Jacobs, and Razeviech, 2002: 424-425. The questionnaire discussed the students’ needs.
35 An interview was conducted with the English teachers of SMA BOPKRI I
Yogyakarta. Ary et al 1979: 418 stated that interview is an instrument, which allows flexibility since the interviewer is able to observe the subject as well as the
situation and paraphrase the question when needed. There are two kinds of interview questions, open-ended questions and closed questions. The participants’
answers in the open-ended question were freer than in the closed question because the answers are already provided. Interview was needed in order to explore more
the answers of the participants in this case were the English teacher; and to develop materials appropriate to students’ ability and need. The interviewees were
the English teachers who were considered to know the ability of the students and what the students needed so the material would be more effective and efficient.
Moreover, interview was used to find the teachers’ experience and opinions in teaching speaking including their techniques, materials, strategies, topic choices
and teaching media. Information from the teacher was useful to develop the material since the teacher had an experience in teaching speaking.
2. Preliminary Field Testing Instruments
