Data Description RESEARCH FINDINGS

the NYPD to... use excessive force like this, in front of so many subordinate officers and citizens, sets a terrible example.” and officer - Synonymy or near-synonymy: officer = cop - Collocation: citizen city 8 Purtell has since been promoted to chief and heads the department‟s Organized Crime Control Bureau. He ran the NYPD „s rescue and recovery operations at Ground Zero after the 911 attacks and presided over a decline in crime as Patrol Borough Bronx commander. - Personal reference: he - Additive conjunction: and - Repetition: Purtell and NYPD - Temporal conjunction: after 9 The case was settled in January but Boss , who now works for the Huffington Post, went public for the first time Thursday. - Demonstrative reference: the case - Repetition: Boss - Collocation: work promote in U8 10 “I was shocked by how aggressive the police were with me when I done anything,” he said. - Personal reference: I, me, and he - Synonymy or near synonymy: aggressive = excessive in U3, police = cop - Collocation: police handcuffs in U3 11 Boss says he plans to use his settlement cash on physical therapy for his injured right hand. - Personal reference: he and his - Repetition: Boss - Superordinate: wrist in U3 = hand Table 3: The Units in the Text 2 Unit Text Cohesion Devices 1 Occupy Wall Street is still proving expensive for the city of New York, who keep having pay out large sums of money to Occupy protesters who were over-enthusiastically arrested by the NYPD. - There is no grammatical and lexical cohesion device. 2 In April 2013, the city paid 365,000 to settle claims over the destruction of the OWS library, and civil rights attorney Wylie Stecklow of Stecklow Cohen Thompson says hes settled - Demonstrative reference: the city - Collocation: attorney arrest, Occupier Occupy in U1 six or seven other Occupiers claims for unlawful arrests. - Repetition: claim and arrest - Synonymy or near- synonymy: Occupier = Occupy protesters in U1 3 The latest came just yesterday, when the city agreed to pay 55,000 in the case of Josh Boss, who was livestreaming a December 2011 march when he was thrown to the ground and kneed by Chief Thomas Purtell, then the commanding officer of the Manhattan South Patrol Division, which oversees all marches and protests in the city. - Demonstrative reference: the latest, the case, the commanding officer, and the city. - Personal reference: he - Repetition: march - Additive conjunction: and 4 Purtell is the most senior officer weve ever seen in a physical unlawful arrest , Stecklow tells the Voice. He got hands on. - Repetition: Purtell, unlawful, arrest, and Stecklow - Synonymy or near- synonymy: tell = say in U2 - Superordiante: the Voice = the Village Voice - Personal reference: he 5 Boss was filming the march on the evening of December 17, 2011. As the marcher s crossed the street, so did he , camera in hand. Footage of the incident shows that he was in a crosswalk when Purtell came running at him, flung him to the ground, and put his knee on Bosss chest. Kick his ass, Tom another officer can be heard saying in the background. - Synonymy: flung = thrown throw in U3 - Demonstrative reference: the march, the marcher, and the incident - Personal reference: he, him, and his - Verbal substitution: did - General word: the march = Occupy march - Additive conjunction: and - Superordinate: crosswalk = street - Collocation: march marcher, camera film, film live-streamer, camera live-streamer - Repetition: Boss, march, Purtell, and officer 6 The video shows Boss lying motionless for the duration of the arrest . Nontheless, Purtell tells him, Dont resist. Im not resisting anything I was trying to cross the street. Boss - Demonstrative reference: the arrest and the street - Personal reference: him, I, and my - Collocation: resist arrest - Repetition: Boss, Purtell, replies. And then, a moment later, Is that knee on my face really necessary, officer ? Oh, I kinda think it is, Purtell replies. resist, and officer 7 Stecklow s firm released two video segments showing the arrest from various angles: Boss was cuffed with two pairs of plastic ziptie handcuffs. His attorneys say his backpack, filled with video equipment, rested heavily on the double cuffs, cutting off his circulation. Audio from the video segments shows that after he was arrested, another officer eventually loosened his cuffs, remarking, His hands are turning blue. He was arrested on charges of disorderly conduct and held for five hours. The charges were eventually dropped, and he sued the NYPD for false arrest, excessive force, and nerve damage to his wrists . - Repetition: Stecklow, attorney, Boss, NYPD, video, and arrest - Demonstrative reference: the arrest and the video - Personal reference: his and he - Additive conjunction: and - Collocation: handcuffs wrist, handcuffs arrest - Temporal conjunction: after 8 Purtell has denied making an overly brutal arrest. The video released by Stecklow shows a later interview with the officer, evidently conducted by someone with the law firm. You dont know what youre talking about. He was not struck in the face, Purtell says. He was not injured. Whats perceived on the video is not what happened. - Repetition: Purtell, Stecklow, arrest, and officer - Demonstrative reference: the video - Personal reference: you and he - Synoymy or near-synonymy: injured = damage in U7 9 Stecklow says that the arrest was disturbing not just for its brutality, but because of the presence of at least 20 younger officer s around Purtell: This is what weve seen time and time again. Theyre training the junior officer s. What are they learning? When a guy is laying prone on the floor, yell, Stop resist ing‟ so you have reason to use force and make a bad arrest. - Repetition: Stecklow, arrest, and Purtell - Demonstrative reference: the arrest - Personal reference: its and they - Adversative conjunction: but - Additive conjunction: and - Synonymy or near- synonymy: younger = junior 10 The attorney adds that these - Demonstrative reference: the settlements are unfortunate, in that they come out of taxpayer money. It falls on all of us taxpayers instead of the individual officers. Im not happy about that, he says. I believe that if even ten percent of the payout money came out of the police pension fund, thered be a sharp decline in the number of these type of incidents. attorney and these settlements - Personal reference: they, it, us, I, and he - Repetition: attorney, settlement, money, and incident 11 The same would be true, he adds, if protester s were allowed to sue the officer s who witnessed their unlawful or brutal arrests but did not intervene. - Comparative reference: the same - Personal reference: he and their - Adversative conjunction: but - Synonymy or near-synonymy: sue = claim in U2 and protester = Occupier in U2 - Collocation: protester protest in U3 - Repetition: protester, sue, officer, unlawful, and arrest 12 The majority of police officers are good, Stecklow says. They want to help. And if we put pressure on the majority to intervene, again, we can start to reduce these kinds of incident s. - Personal reference: we and they - Repetition: police, officer, Stecklow, and incident 13 Purtell was once demoted in 2003, after he led a mistaken raid on a womans apartment. The woman, 57- year-old Alberta Spruill, died after a concussion grenade was thrown into her home by police. - Repetition: Purtell, thrown, and police - Personal reference: he and her - Collocation: police grenade - General word: home = apartment 14 According to a New York Times report, the Chief Medical Examiner ruled that Spruill died from the stress and fear caused by the detonation of the concussion grenade and from being handcuff ed. - Additive conjunction: and - Collocation: handcuffs police 15 Although Purtell was reassigned to the Housing Bureau for a time, he work ed his way up to Manhattan South, and has received two promotion s since the Josh Boss arrest . Hes now head of the NYPDs Organized Crime Control Bureau. - Adversative conjunction: although - Personal reference: he and his - Additive conjunction: and - Collocation: promotion work - Repetition: Purtell, Josh Boss, and arrest 16 A Times story from February claims that hes being considered for yet another promotion, to replace either the current chief of detectives or the head of the Internal Affairs Bureau. - Personal reference: he - Additive conjunction: or - Repetition: claim

B. Data Analysis

1. Text 1: “Brooklyn man tackled by cop while live-streaming Occupy

march gets 55,000 settlement.” New York Daily News U1 : A Brooklyn man arrested by a top NYPD cop while live-streaming an Occupy Wall Street march with his cell phone has settled with the city for 55,000, he told the Daily News Thursday. [1] There are grammatical cohesion devices in the text above. First, the word „his‟ and „he‟ are called personal reference. The word „his‟ is called personal reference which has functions as possessive adjective, while the word „he‟ has function as a subject in personal pronoun. Both „his‟ and „he‟ refer to a Brooklyn man in the preceding text. This personal reference makes the readers to understand the text well. If the journalist does not use „his‟ and „he‟ as the personal reference, the readers cannot understand the text well. Second, the word „the city‟ is called demonstrative reference. „The city‟ refers to Brooklyn, where the arrest happened. U2 : Josh Boss, 26, says Thomas Purtell, an assistant chief and Patrol Borough Manhattan South commander at the time of the 2011 arrest, tackled him and roughed him up while shoutin

g, “Don‟t resist”

The word „say‟ is synonymous with the word „told‟ or „tell‟ in the preceding unit. Both words have meaning „giving an idea by using words‟. Next, the word „arrest‟ is called repetition, one of lexical cohesion devices because it has been mentioned in the previous units. The word „arrest‟ is also called collocation with word „resist‟ because the word „resist‟ is usually said by a cop when was doing arrest. The case of collocation must be appeared in the article, because collocation is a relationship between words that are in the same neighborhood or area. Without collocation, the article is not going to be cohesive and effective to read. The word „him‟ is called personal reference which has function as an object in personal pronoun. „Him‟ refers to Josh Boss in the preceding text. Because „him‟ is an object in personal pronoun, it is right to use in this case to make the text cohesive. Last, the word „and‟ is called additive conjunction, one of grammatical cohesion devices which has function to add information in the text that Thomas Purtell not only tackled him, but also roughed him up while shouting, “Don‟t resist”. Therefore, the additive conjunction is appropriate to use in the sentence. Last, the word „the 2011 arrest‟ is called demonstrative reference which refers to the Josh Boss arrest. U3 : Boss ‟s disorderly conduct charge was ultimately dismissed — and he sued alleging false arrest, excessive force, and nerve damage to his wrists from handcuffs. There are grammatical and lexical cohesion devices in the text above. First, the words „Boss‟ and „arrest‟ are called repetition, one of lexical cohesion devices, because they have been mentioned in the previous units. This type of lexical cohesion is used because the word „Boss‟ and „Purtell are the topics in this article. The word „arrest‟ is also called collocation with word „handcuffs‟ because handcuffs is usually used by cop when was doing arrest. Besides that, the word „handcuffs‟ is also called collocation with the word „wrists‟ because handcuff is used on wrists. The collocation must be appeared in the article so that the article can be effectively to read. The word „he‟ and „his‟ are called personal reference, one of grammatical cohesion devices. The word „he‟ is called personal reference which has function as a subject in personal pronoun and the word „his‟ is personal reference which has function as possessive adjective. Both words refer to Boss in the preceding text. Therefore, these types of reference, one of grammatical cohesion devices, are appropriate to use in the text above. Besides that, the word „and‟ in the text above is called additive conjunction because it adds information that he not only sued alleging false arrest and excessive force, but also nerve damage to his wrists. This type of conjunction is appropriate to use so that the meaning of the text can be cohesive.