Such meanings of peace function at different levels. Peace may be opposed to or an opposite of antagonistic conflict, violence, or war. It may refer to an internal
state of mind or of nations or to external relations, or it may be narrow in conception, referring to specific relations in a particular situation like a peace treaty,
or overarching, covering a whole society as in a world peace. Peace may be a dichotomy it exists or it does not or continuous, passive or active, empirical or
abstract, descriptive or normative, or positive or negative. The problem is, of course, that peace derives its meaning and qualities within
a theory or framework. Christian, Hindu, or Buddhist will see peace differently, so will pacifist, internationalist be. Socialist, fascist, and libertarian have different
perspectives, as do power or idealistic theorists of international relations. In this diversity of meanings, peace includes the concepts such as justice, freedom, equality,
power, conflict, class, and, indeed, any other concept. All above concepts are defined within a theory or cognitive framework what
have been called elsewhere a perspective. Through a perspective peace is endowed
with meaning by being linked to other concepts within a particular perception of reality.
2. Some Concept of Peace’s Perspective a Takeshi Ishida
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Through an examination of the original meanings of peace in the worlds main cultures excluding Islam.
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The root of the word Islam in Arabic is SALAMA
which is the origin of the words peace or submission, a submission to the God and peace to all humanity. It is, thus, the salutation in Islam is Al-Salamu
Alaikum or “peace on you.” In this regard, the prophet Mohammad ordered his
fellow Muslims to salute others Muslims or non-Muslims with peace when he said “peace before speech.”
Takeshi Ishida examines the main emphasis of each word for peace in
order to help reduce the semantic differences that can create problems between different cultures negotiating peace.
Ishida suggests an east - west dichotomy of peace concepts where the eastern concepts see peace achieved through individual conformity to customs,
norms, etc. as an outcome of individual internal harmony. Western concepts see peace more as a property of social systems functioning to assure prosperity.
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Takeshi Ishida was born in Tokyo in 1972; Takashi Ishida is a renowned Japanese artistfilmmaker. His works have shown extensively at Japanese museums, galleries and film festivals
while also internationally, including a recent residency in the UK. In 2007, he received the prestigious Most Promising Young Talent Prize from the Fine Art Division of Goto Memorial Cultural Award.
Since receiving the prize, Ishida has been based in Toronto, where he remains until the end of February 2009. Anonymous, Takeshi Ishida Trans. Accessed on November 15, 2008.
http:www.akimbo.bizevents?id=13327day=13month=11year=2008.
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Anonymous, Concept of Peace in Islam. Accessed on October, 9 2007. http:saif_w.tripod.comquestionsviolenceconcept_of_peace_in_islam.htm.
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Anonymous, Peace. Accessed on October 9, 2007. http:www.colorado.educonflictfull_text_searchPeacePapers89-14.htm.
