important as the „what’, for the intensive lesson is intended primarily to train strategies which the student can go on to use with other text.
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b. Extensive Reading Extensive reading involves somewhat longer texts, those texts can be journal
articles, technical reports, longer essay, and books and reading of this type almost always involves a focus on meaning.
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It is often assumed that in order to understand whole message of a particular reading material e.g., a book,
understanding the parts sentence, paragraphs, chapters of which it is made up is necessary. However, obtaining understanding of a text adequately often could be
done without grasping every part of it To understand the whole needs reading
strategies which can be trained only by practice a longer text.
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5. Elements Affecting Reading Comprehension
According to National Reading, Panel in Tompkins article states that there are some elements affecting students reading comprehension. Those elements are
divided into two main categories reader and text. a. Reader
1 Background Knowladge Students activate their world and literary knowladge to link what they know
to what they are reading. 2 Vocabulary
Students recognize the meaning of familiar words and apply word-learning strategies to understand what they’re reading.
3 Fluency Students have adequate cognitive resources available to understand what
they’re reading when they read fluently. 4 Comprehension Strategies
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Christine Nutall. loc. cit.
14
Douglas Brown, Language Assessment Principles and Classroom Practices, California: Longman, 2004 p. 212
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Christine Nutall. loc. cit.
Students actively direct their reading, monitor their understanding, and troubleshoot problems when they occur.
5 Comprehension Skill
Students automatically note details that support main ideas, sequence ideas, and use other skills.
6 Motivation
Motivated students are more engaged in reading, more confident, and more likely to comprehend successfully.
b. Text
1 Genres
Genres have unique characteristics, and students’ knowledge of them provides a scaffold for comprehension.
2 Text Structure
Students recognize the important ideas more easily when they understand the patterns that authors use to organize text.
3 Text Features
Students apply their knowledge of the conventions and literary devices used in texts to deepen their understanding.
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B. Exposition Text
1. Understanding Exposition Text
According to Anderson and Anderson an exposition is a piece of text that presents one side of an issue. The perpose of an exposition is to persuade the
reader or listener by presenting one side of an argument. The exposition includes advertaisment, spoken arguments, editorilas, and legal defences.
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Furthermore, Decker states that exposition means explanation, simply an exposing of
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G.E Tompkins,
“Reading Comprehension
