Research Method and Design

E. Data Collection Techniques

Data collection technique used pre-test and post-test. A pretest provides a measure on some attribute or character that assess for participants in an experiment before they receive treatment, while posttest is conducted after treatment. 5 The pre-test was given to both groups of experimental and controlled in order to findout student abilities in reading comprehension of exposition text before giving treatment using blended learning. After the treatment, post-test was distributed into both classes, the function of this post-test was to find out whether any improvement in reading ability between experimental class which had been given treatment with controlled class which was not deserve any treatment.

F. Procedure of Intervention

Before doing the research, the writer asked the subject teacher which class was appropriate for the writer to cunduct the research. Since she only teached social class then she proposed XI social 2 adn X1 social 3 as the sample for reserach. From her suggestion the writer chosed those class and chosed XI social 2 as the experiment class and XI social 3 as a control class. Each group attended two meetings per week except day off. The duration of the research was six meetings including pre-test and post-test. The first meeting was for pre-test, the second to fifth meetings were for giving intervention, and the last meeting was for post-test. In addition, the writer’s roles in this study was the one who given intervention or treatment for experimental group and controlled group. Here as the sport the online meeting the writer used quipper school. Through this learning platform, students got additional online materials telling about exposition text, online assignment about exposition text and facilitated with online messaging if they wanted to ask, then those were integrated with face-to-face learning activity. Students got print feedback after doing online learning and discussed it in face to face meeting in order to develop students reading comprehension skill. 5 John W.Creswell, op.cit, p. 297 . G. Techniques of Data Analysis . The writer used t-test for analyzing the score of pre- and post-test of both control group and experimental group. The t-test was useful in finding the statistical differences between experimental and control group. To analyze those data, the writer used IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program. Before doing t-test, the writer analyzed the normality and homogeneity first. Bellow was the step of data analysis. 1. Normality Test Normality test was used to know whether the data distributed normal or not. Here the steps in doing normality test using IBM SPSS Statistics 22: This normality test used Kolmogorov-Smirnov table. Furthermore in checking whether the data was normally distrubuted or not, the criteria could be seen as the follow: If the t value was smaller than t table t value t table , the data was normally distributed. While if the t value was greater than t table t value t table , the data was not normally ditributed. For steps in finding the normality in IBM SPSS Statistics 22, it could be seen on appendix 2. Homogeneity Test Homogeneity test is used to measure whether the data comes from homogenous variance or not. Same as normality for homogeneity used IMB SPSS Statistics 22. This homogenity test used Levene Statistics table. In order to know whether the data comes from homogenous variance or not we take a look on sig column, if the sig more than 0,05 it means data comes from homogenous variance. For steps in finding the homogenity in IBM SPSS Statistics 22, it could be seen on appendix. 3. Hypothesis Test In order to find which hypothesis was accepted the writer use t-test. In calculating the t-test the writer used IBM SPSS Statistics 22. To find the result first take a look in sig 2-tailed, at first line was the result if the data were homogeny and second line if the data were not homogeny. If the sig result 0,05 there is no effect, if the sig result 0,05 there is an effect. Furtehermore, the writer also calculating t-test manually, in order to find whether there was differences between calculating using SPSS and manually. Here the t-test statistical analysis pettern. t o = Explanation: t o = the value of „t’ count M 1 = Mean variable of experimental class M 2 = Mean variable of controlled class SE M1 = Standard error of experimental class SE M2 = Standard error of controlled class The procedures used are as follow: a. Determining Mean Variable X: M 1 = ∑ b. Determining Mean Variable Y: M 2 = ∑ c. Determining Deviation Standard of Score of Variable X: SD 1 = √ ∑ d. Determining Deviation Standard of Score of Variable Y: SD 2 = √ ∑