2.2.2. Extrinsic Element : Literature and Sociology
Sociology derives from the Greek ‘Socious’ society and ‘logos’ science which means the study of all the aspects of human and their relation in community. So it means that the object
of the sociology is society. Sociology learns all things that happen in the society such as culture, racial and ethnic inequality even the stratification by social class. As we know in the society
consists of many different ethnic groups such as Batakness, Javaness, etc. It is also consist of different social class such as high class, middle class and low class.
So, we can say that the object of sociology is the society. A society is a group of people with a shared and somewhat distinct culture, who live in a defined territory, feel some unity, and
see themselves as distinct from other peoples Riddel, 1944:63. In addition, to survive, all societies need to meet certain basic needs, including substance, distribution, reproduction and
communication. The people in the society need to interact one to another. As Wellek 1963:95, say that literature is expression of society. As we know that society
will be different one to another. It will make classification or social stratification in the society. Social stratification means fairly permanent ranking of position in a society in terms of unequal
power, prestige, or privileges. Stratification refers to patterned, or structured, social inequalities among whole categories of people, not just individual Riddel, 1944:183. The classification in
the society is naturally arranged by the society itself. Therefore, there was a new ideology in the society that we often known as
postmodernism. Postmodern is defined as the activity of society has been achieved. And humans are not satisfied with the progress of science and the way of modern thinking.
Postmodernism has changed the intellectual paradigm of systems myths, dogmas, and old habits
orthodox into a logical system. Postmodernism evokes a new movement and ideology that intersect with religion, especially in Islam, as the term we known as “Islamic Liberalism”.
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