mutual trust. Everybody needs love; therefore, the lack of love can stop the individual growth and his developmental of potential 63.
d. Self-Esteem Needs According to Maslow in Schultz 63, there are two esteem needs. They
are self-esteem and self-respect from other people. Self-esteem includes desire for confidence, competence mastery, adequacy, achievement, independence and
freedom. Self-respect from others includes prestige, recognition, acceptance, attention, status, reputation and appreciation. A person who has self-esteem is
more confident and capable in doing his work. Without self-esteem, one will have the feeling of inferiority and helplessness which can cause discouragement and
possible neurotic behavior. e. Self-actualization Needs
Maslow in Schultz 64 states these needs as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.
“What a man can be, he must be”. In short, it deals with the identification of the psychological need for growth, development and utilization of potential. This
needs emerge after satisfaction of the love and esteem needs.
D. Criticism
In analyzing the novel, I gather some criticism on Paulo Coelho’s Eleven Minutes. Through the criticism, I am able to understand the novel better and know
what the world’s opinion about Paulo Coelho’s work. The novel gives the readers insight to deal with feeling than act. It reflects
on our daily life when we face trouble and do not know what to do. Usually, feeling plays an important role. The same opinion can be seen from El Periodico
19 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Eleven Minutes deals more with feelings than with acts, and strays from the marginal docudrama cliché. It is a hard novel, with moments that capture the
reader’s attention with perfect expertise. Deeply personal and tender”. http:santjordi-asociados.com.
Swan says that Eleven Minutes is an important and brave book about sexuality and love, the crucial and unsolved problem of contemporary culture,
everyone’s problem http:mouthshout.comreviewswan.html. As we know that sexuality and love are very important for most people in dealing with their life.
Therefore, this novel could be a good book to learn about those two things without thinking and imitating the negatives aspects.
Notre Temps Magazine in France agrees that the novel also convinces all the readers to listen to what our heart is saying and to follow our dreams
http:santjordi-asociados.com. In this story, Paulo Coelho emphasizes on
Maria’s belief of following her heart and do what she thinks is right.
E. Theoretical Framework
There are two problems to answer in this study. The first one is to find out the description of Maria and second is to dig out how Maria struggles for a better
life. In order to answer the problems, there are some theories applied in this study. The theories are useful to analyze the novel. Firstly, I use the theories of character
and characterization applied to answer the first problem. The theories of character from Henkle and Foster are used to find out what types of character the major
character is in the novel. Then, I apply the methods of characterization from 20
