3. Better Life
According to Hornby, life is described as a way in which somebody lives or condition of an individual’s existence 1120. While Webster states that better
means in a more acceptable, appropriate or effective way 133. In this study, a better life can be defined as a situation in which a person has achieved his or her
targets of life after dealing with all his or her problems so that he or she feels more comfortable and settled than before dealing with all his or her problems.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of three parts. The first part presents a review of related theories that contains of theory of character, characterization, theory of
critical approach, struggle for life, theory of motivation and hierarchy of needs. The second part presents the criticism and resources. It provides some criticisms
about Paulo Coelho and his works. The third part is the theoretical framework.
C. Review of Related Theories
This section presents relevant theories that are used as the basis in analyzing the novel. They are theory of character and theory of characterization,
which help me to find out the description of the main character. Theory of critical approach is an important element in this section to make a better understanding on
the work of literature. Struggle for life, motivation and hierarchy of needs help me to find out the struggle dealing with the main character.
1. Character
The existence of characters in a literary work especially a novel is considered significant. Forster states that a novelist can reveal problems in the
novel if he or she can describe characters gently and naturally 30-31. Therefore, characters play an important role in the story.
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a. Definition of Character
Character is one of the most important things that appear in the novel. Here, the author creates the character and uses it as an instrument to voice what he
or she wants to convey in the story. Barnet 71 says that there are two definitions of character. Firstly, character is a figure in a literary work and secondly,
character is the personality, that is, the mental and moral qualities of a figure as when we say that a character is strong or weak, moral or immoral.
Abrams states that character is a representation of a person in narrative and dramatic works as a result of the readers’ interpretation 20. His or her words and
acts express their moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say – the dialogues and what they do – the action. Traits and the relationships
among them are vital in our understanding of the character. It is not easy to examine the character in term of their traits. However, the difficulty we may
experience in such an effort contributes to a deeper understanding of the fictional character as well to a greater understanding of what it is to be a real person.
b. Kinds of Character
According to Henkle 92-93, character is divided into two namely, major and secondary characters. A major character is the most important and complex in
a literary work or novel. He or she can be identified by looking into the complexity of his or her characterization. Thus, the readers’ fullest attention is
completely given to the major character for the sake of the understanding the story of the novel. It is also the major character that performs structural key function;
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