6 avoid misunderstanding, the writer mentions the following definitions that will be
beneficial for the next discussion. The definitions are mentioned below:
1. Instructional Design
Banathy 1976 defines instruction as any interaction between learners and their environment through which they are making progress toward the attainment
of specific purpose, knowledge, skills, and attitude. In this study, instructional refers to the interaction between learners and their learning materials in achieving
the learning objectives. Design is the level of method analysis which considers a the objectives
of the methods; b how language content is selected and organized within the method, that is, the syllabus model the method incorporated; c the types of
learning tasks and teaching activities the method advocates; d the roles of the learners; e the roles of the teachers; f the roles of instructional materials
Richards and Rogers, 2001. In this study, the term design refers to the process of developing learning materials based on the six aspects mentioned previously.
To combine the previous descriptions, instructional design is defined as the process of developing learning materials which considers about the interaction
between learners and their learning materials in achieving the learning objectives. In order to achieve the learning objectives, there are some aspects that should be
considered about, namely the objective of the process, the selection and organization of subject contents, the types of learning tasks and teaching
activities, the role of the learners, the role of the teachers, and the materials.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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2. Vocabulary
Vocabulary is “a core component of language proficiency and provides much of the basis for how well learners speak, listen, read, and write.” Richards
and Renandya, 2002. In this study, vocabulary is defined as the language element that supports the learners in listening and reading as well as in speaking and
writing.
3. Supplementary Materials
Supplementary materials can be defined as materials used to supplement the lesson. These materials are usually originated from a textbook or student
demand. Then, the most common situations where the supplementary material is used when the text book provides insufficient and ineffective examples, provides
too view examples, is too simple or too complex to the students, fails to cover an item of language at all, and cannot be conveniently or logically suited with the
time allocation http:www.handoutsonline.comnavigation.htm. In this study, supplementary learning materials are defined as extra materials presented as
independent assignments done by the students at home or as extra materials used in extracurricular activities. As independent assignments, discussion is done only
if the students find difficulties.
4. The Eleventh Grade Students of
