74 order to allude each other. In addition, it could be said that Nick has neglected
the age and social distance or even relative power or status between himself and Senator Finistirre. Therefore, some awkwardness, and even tenseness often
existed in their conversations. This could be illustrated in Speech Act 5, 9, 17, 23, 25, 28, and 29.
2. Power
Brown and Levinson 1987: 77 states that variable of Power of the hearer over the speaker, defined as the degree to which the hearer can impose his own
plans and his own self-evaluation . . . at the expense of the speakers’ plans and self-evaluation. And, Holmes calls it as status scale 2001: 9. The power
owned by the speaker-writer will determine the degree of politeness when he or she is speaking to the listener-reader. When the speaker-writer possesses higher
power than the listener-reader does, the degree of politeness will be lower when he or she is speaking to the listener-reader. Meanwhile, if the speaker-
writer possesses lower power than the listener-reader does, the degree of politeness will be higher when they are speaking.
This case was found out in the relationship between Nick and his boss, BR. Although they are close, as his boss, BR often used direct imperative
words in order to control Nick’s behavior and show that he has power over the other. Therefore, due to having higher power than the other Nick, BR applied
low politeness strategy, that was Bald on Record toward Nick. This case was in
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75 line with Brown and Levinson theory. This could be seen in Speech Act 1, 6, 7,
8, and 22.
3. Imposition
According to Brown and Levinson 1987, the imposition refers to the imposition of the act itself. When the speaker shows the greater FTA, thus the
imposition is getting greater as well. As a result, usually the speaker will apply high positive politeness strategy toward the hearer. This case happened in some
conversations between Joey and his mother, Jill, between Nick and BR, and between Nick and Joey. They realized that what they were going to say or want
might impose or intrude the other, thus they tend to reveal it indirectly Off record, or even by applying some Negative Politeness strategies in order to
soften the threats. This could be seen in Speech Act 8, 11, 19, 23, 24, and 25. Here, the writer could draw some important points from the whole analysis
in this subchapter. First, there were three social factors influencing the main characters of Thank You for Smoking chose a particular strategy in their
conversation that were basically because of the social distance, power, and imposition. It was mainly based on socio-cultural variables of Brown and
Levinson’s model Brown and Levinson. Second, those social factors could be considered as a kind of measurement to evaluate whether someone is being
polite or not.
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76
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter consists of two sections that are conclusions and suggestions. The first one deals with all summaries drawn in this research. In the second part,
the writer would like to give some suggestions in order to make a follow-up of this research.
A. Conclusions
The problems proposed in this research were concerned with the use of politeness strategies in daily conversation. To be more specific, this research was
aimed at analyzing how the use of politeness strategies and finding out the factors that influence the use of politeness strategies produced by the main characters of
Thank You for Smoking. The use of politeness strategies was analyzed according to the theory of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson. While, the
factors were analyzed based on the socio-cultural variables of Brown and Levinson’s model, and the social dimensions proposed by Holmes. Having
analyzed those two research questions, the writer came to some conclusions. First, related to the first research question, the investigation of how the use
of politeness strategies in Thank You for Smoking revealed that all four types of politeness strategies occurred in this movie. What differentiated them was the
frequency of occurrence and who employed it. The strategy appearing frequently is Bald on Record 93 times and Positive Politeness 64 times. Then, Off Record
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