Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the method of this research. It also discusses the process of conducting the research. This chapter is divided into six parts. They are research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

The researcher employed a qualitative research to answer the problem formulations in the first chapter. Qualitative research is multi-method in its focus involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to subject matter Denzin Lincoln, 1994, p.2. This means that qualitative research studies things in their natural settings, attempting to interpret the phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Since the research was a kind of qualitative research, the researcher used four methods to collect the data. The methods were questionnaire, interview, observation, and document analysis. Moreover, “a method of data collection using questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample that has been selected to represent a population to which the findings of the data analysis can be generalized” is a survey Gall, Gall, Borg, 2007, p. 230. Thus, this research was a survey as well. 36 This research also employed document analysis. Document analysis is one of the methods that used for observing human behavior and features of the environment in which the behavior occurs. The documents could be in the form of written documents, visual media, audio media, and combination media. Meanwhile, observation provides an additional source of data for verifying the information obtained by other instruments Gall, Gall Borg, 2007, p.276. On the other hands, the aim of interview is to explore more source of data that could be useful for the data gathering Best, 1970,p.186. Therefore, this study used four instruments; they were observation notes, documents, questionnaire sheets, and interview transcripts. In addition, to analyze the data from the instruments, the researcher used both qualitative method and quantitative method. According to Best 1983, p.156, qualitative methods are those in which description of observations are not ordinarily expressed in quantitative terms. Qualitative methods usually describe the data in words instead of numbers or measures, whereas quantitative methods are the opposite. Qualitative and quantitative methods support each other to understand many factors in the research. Therefore, the data obtained presented in the form of verbal statement and the numbers.

B. Research Setting