3.8.1 Criteria of Assessment
There were five categories such grammar, vocabulary, content, fluency and pronunciation that had to be scored. To score in the speaking test, I used the rating
scales that were adopted from Brown 2004: 172-173. In which:
Categories Score
Criteria Grammar
5 4
3
2
1 Equivalent to that of an educated native speaker.
Able to use the language accurately on all levels normally pertinent to professional needs. Errors in
grammar are quite rare. Control of grammar is good. Able to speak the language
with sufficient structural accuracy to participate effectively in most formal and informal conversations on
practical, social, and professional topics. Can usually handle elementary constructions quite
accurately but does not have thorough or confident control of the grammar.
Errors in grammar are frequent, but speaker can be understood by a native speaker used to dealing with
foreigners attempting to speak his language.
Vocabulary 5
4
3
2 Speech on all levels is fully accepted by educated native
speakers in all its features including breadth of vocabulary and idioms, collocation and pertinent cultural
references. Can understand and participate in any conversation
within the range of his experience with a high degree of precision of vocabulary.
Able to speak the language with sufficient vocabulary to participate effectively in most formal and informal
conversation on practical, social, and professional topics. Vocabulary is broad enough that he rarely has to grope
for a word. Has speaking vocabulary sufficient to express themself
simply with some circumlocutions.
Table 3.9 Rating Score Brown, 2004: 172-173.
1 Speaking vocabulary inadequate to express anything but
most elementary needs. Content
5 4
3 2
1 Ideas highly organized, covers all of the elements of the
story. Ideas well organized, covers almost all of the elements
of the story. Ideas less organized, some missing parts of the elements
of story. Ideas less organized, covers only the main elements of
the story. Unorganized ideas, a lot of missing parts of the
elements.
Fluency 5
4
3 2
1 Has complete fluency in the language such that his
speech is fully accepted by educated native speaker. Able to use the language fluently on all levels normally
pertinent to participate in any conversation within the range of this experience with a high degree of fluency.
Can discuss particular interests of competence with reasonable ease. Rarely has to grope for words.
Can handle with confidence but not with facility most social situations, including introductions and casual
conversations about current events, as well as work, family and autobiographical information.
No specific fluency description. Refer to other four language areas for implied level of fluency.
Pronunciation 5
4 3
2 1
Equivalent to and fully accepted by educated native speakers.
Errors in pronunciation are quite rare. Errors never interfere with understanding and rarely
disturb the native speaker. Accent may be obviously foreign.
Accent is intelligible though often quite faulty. Errors in pronunciation are frequent but can be
understood by a native speaker used to dealing with foreigners attempting to speak his language.
There were five categories that had to be scored. Each category had a score based on the criteria. Therefore, the formula used:
In which: Score a
: score of pronunciation Score b
: score of grammar Score c
: score of vocabulary Score d
: score of fluency Score e
: score of content
3.9 Methods of Data Analysis
Kategori