The spoken language is used to maintain social relationship and then to convey information and ideas. Speaking is difficult for foreign language learners because
effective oral communication requires the ability to use the language
appropriately. 2.3
Framework of the Study
Speaking is quite difficult skill to learn in English. The problem comes because there are differences between English and Indonesian language systems,
especially sound systems, and also the teachers rarely teach about speaking. They only teach „passive English‟ reading and writing.
In order to focus on the study, I chose two main points to collect data. There were the simplified theory of the research and the experimental research. I limited
two points that are the combination of Quartet and Dart games and speaking spoken monologue descriptive text. Then, in the experimental research I
simplified the concept of the pre-experimental research.
2.3.1 The combination of Quartet and Dart games
I used the combination of Quartet and Dart games as an alternative medium in teaching and learning process. It could be
used to teach the students‟ ability in learning a spoken monologue descriptive text. By using teaching media, teaching
and learning process would be more effective and efficient if the medium was interesting and it could motivate the students to speak better.
2.3.2 Speaking
Speaking activity in this case becomes students‟ events in teaching and learning process to express their ideas, mood, feelings, and thought to others. Speaking is
the verbal use of language to communicate with others Fulcher, 2003: 23. 2.3.3
Pre-Experimental Research
There are several designs of the experimental research. One of them is pre- experimental design. I used pre-experimental design. They are one-shot case
study, one group pre-test post-test study, and static group comparison study. I used one group pre-test post-test design. Based on Leedy 1997: 232-233, the aim
of this design is to evaluate the influence of a variable.
By this design, one group was given a pre-test, followed by treatments, and
finally a post-test. Besides, there was no comparison group in this design. There
was one group that is experimented based on this design. Therefore, I only used one class in collecting data, whereas the other class was used to measure the
validity of the test that would be used in the class experimented. Systemically, this
experimental research is seen as this following diagram:
Diagram 2.1 Pre-Experimental Research Plan Pre Test
Post Test
Result Result
Compared The combination of Quartet and
Dart games Preparing Test Instruments
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CHAPTER III METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter presents descriptions of methods of the investigation including research design, subjects of the study, variables and hypotheses of the study,
instruments of data collection, types of data, try-out test, methods of data collection, procedure of data collection, and methods of data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
There are several designs of the experimental research. One of them is pre- experimental design. I used pre-experimental design. They are one-shot case
study, one group pre-test post-test study, and static group comparison study. I used one group pre-test post-test design. Based on Leedy 1997: 232-233, the aim
of this design is to evaluate the influence of a variable.
By this design, one group is given a pre-test, followed by treatments, and finally a post-test. Creswell 1994 : 132 points out that this design includes a pre-
test measure followed by a treatment and a post-test for a single group. Besides,
there is no comparison group in this design. One group pre-test post-test design
can be described as follows: O1
X O2
In which: O1
= pre-test X
= treatment
