The Significances of the Study
57
References
Ary. D. J and Razerviech, H. 1979. Introduction to research and Education, New York : Hold Rineheart and Wiston.
Bahril Hidayat, 2004. Tema tema psikologis dalam tradisi mangupa pada pasangan pernikahan pemula dalam masyarakat perantauTapanuli
Selatan di Pekanbaru. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Psikologi FPSP UII.
Bogdan. R. C and Biklen, S. K. 1992. Qualitative Research for Education: an introduction to Theory and Method:
United State of America. Brennan, S. E., and M. Williams. 1995.
The feeling of another’s knowing: Prosody and filled pauses as cues to listeners about the metacognitive
states of speakers. Journal of Memory and Language 34.383-398. Briton, Laurel J. 1996. Pragmatics marker In English : Gramaticalization and
Discourse Function. New York : Mouton de Gruyter.
Castro, C. 2009. The use and functions of discourse markers in EFL classroom Interaction.Profile 11, p. 57-77.
Chafe, Wallace L.1980. The Pear Stories: Cogniti, e, cultural and linguistic aspects of narrative production
. Norwood, N J: Ablex. Chafe, W. 1982. Integration and involvement in speaking, writing, and oral
literature. In: Tannen, D. ed.. 1982. Spoken and written language: Exploringorality and literacy.
Norwood: Ablex. 35-53 Clark, H. H. ; Fox Tree, J. E. 2002. UsingUhandUmin spontaneous
speaking Cognition, 84, p. 73
–111 Navarretta, C. 2015. International Journal of Teaching and Education
Fox Tree, Jean. E. 2010. Discourse Markers across Speakers and Settings. Language and Linguistics Compass
45: 269-281. Garg Ward. 2016. Detecting Filled Pauses in Tutorial Dialogs. I Journal of
Pragmatics Goldman-Eislar, Frida. 1961. A Comparative Study of Two Hesitation
Phenomena. Language and Speech 4:18-26. Goldman-Eisler, Frieda. 1968. Psycholinguistics: Experiments in spontaneous
speech . New York: Academic Press.
Linclon, YGuba, G. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. London: Sage.
Hernández,Alarcón, PABLO. 2016.Fillers and the Development of Oral StrategicCompetence in Foreign Language Learning
. International journalMexico
Maclay, H and C. E Osgood: 1959. Hesitation Phenomena in Spontaneous English Speech,
Word 15:19-44. Liberman, M. 2014.Pauses and PauseFillers in Mandarin Monologue Speech:
The Effects of Sexand Proficiency. Thesis.
Miles, M Huberman, A. M. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysisi, Thousands Oaks, CA : Sage.
Miles, M, Huberman, A. M Saldana, J. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysisi, Thousands Oaks, CA : Sage.
Moleong, Lexy J. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung : Rosdakarya. Nasution, P. 2005. Adat Budaya Mandailing Dalam Tantangan Zaman, Medan
Forkala. Ogata, J., Goto, M., Itou, K. 2009. The use ofacoustically detected filled and
silent pauses in spontaneous speech recognition . InProceedings of
ICASSP 2009, 4305-4308. Parinduri, Mhd. Bakhsan. 2013. Panduan Markobar dalam Budaya Mandailing.
Medan: Deli Grafika. Rochester, S. R. 1972. The Significance of Pause in Spontaneous Speech. Journal
of Psycholinguistics Research 2 1: 51-81. Seminar Nasional Budaya Etnik III, diselenggarakan oleh Univesitas Sumatera
Utara , Medan 25 April 2009.
Sali Tagliamonte, 2003. “So who? Like how? Just what? Discourse markers in the conversations of Young Canadians”. Journal of Pragmatics 37
2005 1896 –1915; University of Toronto.