PROPOSAL SKRIPSI MAYA Revision 3
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING DISCUSSION TEXT BY TEN
GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK PENDA 2 KARANGANYAR
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Thesis Proposal
Submitted to Fulfill One of the Requirements for Getting the Undergraduate
Degree of Education in English Program of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty
By
Yogan Tando Asmoro
(1151800072)
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING OF EDUCATION FACULTY
VETERAN BANGUN NUSANTARA UNIVERSITY OF SUKOHARJO
2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE............................................................................................................
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study........................................................................1
B. Limitation of the Problems.....................................................................3
C. Research Problem...................................................................................3
D. Objectives of the Study...........................................................................3
E. Benefit of the Study................................................................................4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A.Definiton of Translation.........................................................................5
B. The Types of Translation ......................................................................5
C. The Structure of Translation................................................................6
D. The Function of Translation ................................................................ 10
E. Theory of Translation ..................................................... .....................11
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Design of Research................................................................................16
B. Procedure of the Research ................................................................... 17
C. Data and Data Source........................................................................... 18
D. Method of the Research ....................................................................... 18
E. The Instrument of The Research..........................................................19
F. Procedure of the Data Analyzing ......................................................... 20
G. Validity of Data .................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.Background of the Study
Language is a means of communication among people. There are so many
languages that people use to express their ideas or transfer messages. One of them
is English. English is one of the international languages that has been used in most
of the countries in the world. Some countries in the world use English as their
second language to communicate one to another in every international event like
meeting, conferences, commerces, or work shop.
English has become one of the largest international languages used in the
world. For examples from simple things, listen English songs, watch English
movies, and read English books. By an enough English understanding we can
enlargeour knowledge about many things all over the world. We know many
information,news and also education from other countries.
The effectiveness of each type of communication depends to the
communicator’s ability to send, receive, decode, and send a response. So,
communication is important and used in our daily life.The public information is
very important, especially information that people need. The public information
has many forms, such as magazine, newspaper, book, booklet, brochure or leaflet
,and etc. In this study the researcher only focus on information that source from
tourism brochure.
Brochure belongs to printed media of communication. The tourism
brochure contains the information about tourism destination. Help the tourist if
1
they want to know information about tourism destination. The tourism brochure of
course written using two language, there are source language and target language.
In wayang village brochure used two language there are Indonesian and English,
so interest if the researcher want to analyis.
An analysis of translation strategy in brochure is interesting because the
way to understanding about language is study of translation . The term, text and
context serve as a reminder that these are aspect of the same process. A text is a
piece of language in use,that is “ Language that is functional” ( Halliday and
Hasan, 1995 : Butt, p3). A text’s length is not important and it can be either
spoken or written. The importance of written and spoken language is to be applied
for language teaching. Because the learners need to understand it more. It’s used
to communication in our live.
This unity of purposes gives a text both texture and structure texture
comes from the way the meaning in the text fit coherently with each other.
Structure refers to the way that most pieces of language in use will contain certain
obligatory structural element appropriate to their purpose and context. So, this
research is about describe the content, structure, and function of the message of
tourism Brochure Wayang Village by Dinas Kebudayaan,Pariwisata,Pemuda dan
Olahraga Kabupaten Wonogiri.
The researcher is focusing on translation strategy because translation is
very important role in second language learning. Translation is more complex
and difficult, requiring the mastery not only grammatical and theoretically devices
but also the conceptual and judgment.
2
Translation is the sense of most poeple would perceive it as an active of
great importance in the modern world. The twentieth century globalization era
has made the world ‘narrower’ meaning that people from different parts of the
world , not only geographically, but also culturally and ideologically, can easily
make contacts. It is why the researcher tries to research entitled “ A translation
strategy of Brochure Wayang Village in Kabupaten Wonogiri.
B. Limitation of the Problem
The researcher only focus on translation strategy on Brochure from Dinas
Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Wonogiri also the researcher identify
how tehcnique and quality the writer to translate the Brochure from English
into Indonesia.
C. Research Problems
Based on the problem limitation above, the researcher formulated the research
problem of this research are as follows:
1. What translation strategies are used by translator in the Brochure Wayang
Village ?
2. How is the quality of translation in the Brochure Wayang Village ?
D. Objectives of the Study
1. To describe the kinds strategy translation on in the Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri
3
2.
To describe the quality of translation in the Brochure Wayang Village
Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri
E. Benefit of the Study
The researcher expects that the research may give some benefits both
theoretically and practically.
1.
Theoretically
a. The researcher hopes that this research can be used in English
teaching learning process especially on translation study
b. This research will give more information and references for other
researcher related with translation of strategy..
2.
Practically
a. English Department Students
The researcher hopes this research will give deeper understanding
for the students of English Department in studying translation
b. For teacher
It can help the teacher to teach especially translation study, they can used
the brochure as the inovation to teach in the teaching learning process..
4
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Definition of Translation
“Translation is a process aimed at facilitating communication between
speakers of different languages. Translation implies understanding the source text
and this requires knowledge of the specific terms of the source and target
language. This means, in turn, that technical translators must have some
familiarity with the subject matter they are translating”. (Cabré 1999, 47)
Tourism brochure as media can be to analyzed by researcher to find the
strategies and quality of translation. It is important because tourism brochure used
to give information that made the tourist interest with tourism place. So concern
with information in tourism brochure especially about the strategies of translation
needed by researcher to help the reader.
B. The Types of Translation.
Jacobson (1959/2000) in Venuti (2000:114) distinguishes three
types of translation, namely (1) inter-lingual translation, or rewording (an
interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same
language, (2) intra-lingual translation, or translation proper (an
interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language, and (3)
5
inter-semiotic translation, or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign system). Larson (1984)
distinguishes kinds of translation basically into (1) form-based translation
and (2) meaning-based translation.
Some other experts on translation studies, such as, Catford
(1965:20-21) defines translation as the replacements of textual material in
one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language
(TL). Dubois‟ (1974) translated by Bell (1991:5) defines translation as the
expression in another language (or target language) of what has been
expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic
equivalences. Larson (1984:3) defines translation, then, consists of
studying the lexicon, grmmatical structure, communication situation, and
cultral context of the source language text, analysing it in order to
determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using
the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the
RECEPTOR LANGUAGE and its cultural context. Newmark (1988:5)
defines translation as rendering the meaning of a text into another
language in the way that the author intended.
Typical features of such texts and restrictions that have to be
followed are described below. Tourist brochure is a special kind of text
containing many technical data used for advertising purposes. Tourist
catalogues or brochures have many characteristic features, such as
graphical design, pictures or different fonts. Text in these documents is not
6
continuous but rather separated into sentences or paragraphs placed
variously in the page. Individual paragraphs or expressions can be
followed by pictures, graphics, tables etc.
Three main functions of text are distinguished. The main purpose of tourist
brochure is to catch reader’s attention, inform and attract. All these three
aspects form the message of the text:
1. Informative
2. Expressive
3. Operative
Text in tourist brochure is oriented on the content which means that carries
essential information. To make the text more compulsive effective expressive
elements, such as metaphor, proverbs, pun or alliteration, could be used. The
graphical layout and the verbal text in tourist brochures and other advertising
texts are usually followed by pictures and logos. Diagrams and maps are also
frequently used. These particular components are interconnected, influence
each other, and create an overall impression of the whole advertising
document.
C. Translating strategy
The translation strategy is tactics by translator to translate a word or group of
words, or perhaps a full sentence if the sentence cannot to divide into smaller
units to be translated. According Suryawinata (2003: 67) calls the strategy of
translation as a translation procedure (translation procedures).
7
Still according Suryawinata ( 200: 67), there are two main types of translation
strategies, namely:
a. strategy with regard to the structure of the sentence in which this strategy is
required, because if didn’t have the translation will not structurally in Bsa.
b. strategies are directly related to the meaning of words or phrases (semantic)
which is being translated.
1. Structural Strategies
There are three basic strategies related to structural problems, namely the addition,
subtraction and transposition (Suryawinata, 2003: 67-69).
1) Addition (Addition)
is the addition of the words within the structure Bsa because it is willed so. The
addition of this type is not a problem of choice but a necessity, in the following
example:
BSU: Switch the phone off near medical equipment
BSA: Nonaktifkan telepon saat berada di sekitar peralatan medis.
The example above shows that an extra word 'saat berada' in Bsa with a view to
making the translation in Bsa more acceptable.
2) Subtraction (subtraction)
8
Is the reduction of the structural elements in the Bsa. This reduction is also a must
to produce precision and naturalness messages in Bsa, as the following example:
BSU: Avoid touching this connector as it is sensitive to electrostatic discharge.
BSA: Jangan sentuh konektor ini karena sensitive terhadap pelepasan muatan
listrik statis.
In the example above, the word 'it is' in the BSU that refers to the word connector,
not translated in Bsa.
3) Transposition (transposition)
This translation strategy is used to translate the clause or sentence, and could be
seen as a necessity or as options. Transposition is imperative if without this
strategy is not delivered within the meaning of BSU to BSA. Transposition be an
option if it is done for reasons of style only, the meaning is without any
transposition the meaning of BSU has been accepted by BSA text reader. More
details on this strategy, the translator changed the original structure of BSU into
Bsa sentence to achieve the effect of the match. This conversion is done if there is
a difference between BSU and Bsa structure reasonable. These changes can
include changing the plural to the singular, position of adjectives, to changing the
structure of the overall sentence.
Example:
BSU: Your device has an internal antenna.
BSA: Perangkat anda dilengkapi antenna dalam.
9
The example above shows the change in the overall structure of the sentence,
from the original sentence aktif (in BSU), be passive (in Bsa).
2. Semantic Strategy
Semantic strategy is a strategy that bring a word of BSU translation into text Bsa.
This semantic strategy consists of several things, including levies strategy
(borrowing), additions, deletions and modulation (Suryawinata, 2003: 70-75).
1) Borrowing
Is a translation strategy that brings words of Bsa into text BSU. Translators
just picked words of Bsa that there was, therefore, this strategy is called
'pungutan'. Charges could include 'transliteration' and 'naturalization'.
Transliteration is a translation strategy that maintains the BSU words as a
whole, both the sound and writing. Naturalization is the continuation of a
transliteration, where speech and writing adapted to the language rules on Bsa.
Example :
The word of BSU
Access
Transliteration
-
Naturalization
Akses
Mode
Mode
Mode
Code
-
Kode
Level
Level
Level
Antena
-
Antena
10
2) Addition
The strategy of addition could be done by a translator for consideration clarity
of meaning. The translator to enter additional information in the text of the
translation because he believes that readers need them.
How to write this additional text by Newmark (1988: 91-92) can be placed in
the text, at the bottom of the page (in the form of footnotes), or at the end of
the text. This strategy can be used to help translate the words that relate to
cultural, technical, or other science.
Example: BSU: Not following them may be dangerous or illegal
Bsa: Mengabaikan peraturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku dapat
membahayakan keselamatan dan melanggar hukum.
In the example above the word 'them' to be clarified by adding the word 'rules
and regulations', while the word 'dangerous' and 'illegal' written description
'might jeopardize the safety and unlawful'.
3) Elimination (omission or Deletion)
Elimination' means deleting the word or piece of text from BSU in the text
BSA. In other words 'deletion' means not translating word or section of text
BSU into Bsa for word or section of text BSU is not so important to entire text
of Bsa and usually rather difficult to translate.
Example:
BSU: Get started
11
Bsa: Persiapan
The example above shows that the deletion of the word 'get' the BSU does not
affect the message to be conveyed in Bsa.
4) Modulation (Modulation)
According to Newmark (1988: 88) used modulation because the translator
looked at the message in the sentence BSU from a different angle or a
different way of thinking. This strategy is used when translating the words
with meaning literal translation does not produce normal and natural.
Example: BSU: I broke my leg
Bsa: Kakiku patah
In the example, the translator looked at the problem from the object, the "legs"
and not in terms of the perpetrators of "I". This viewpoint is required because
the structure of Indonesian willed so (Zuchridin Suryawinata and Sugeng
Hariyanto, 2003: 76).
D. Translation Quality and Translation Quality Assessment
a. Translation Quality
According Nababan (2004: 54) said thr functions of translation as a means of
communication between authors and readers of the source language text
subtitles target. Success or failure of a translation in its function as a
communication tool will depend greatly on the quality of the translation itself.
12
To determine whether or not a quality translations, the translation should be
assessed or evaluated (Nababan, 2004: 54). In the opinion of Barnwell (1984:
15) as cited by Zuhridin Suryawinata (2003) that whether or not the translation
is based on three aspects:
1) The accuracy
The precision or accuracy means understanding the message BSU right and
shifted the meaning of the message as precisely as possible in Bsa. To
determine the quality of the translation, it is necessary to know how the level
of fidelity and accuracy of the message contained in Bsa.
2) Clarity
Clarity means that there are several ways of expressing an idea clearly. Clarity
refers to the degree of ease of an article to be understood his point. The
involvement of the reader element in determining the level of clarity and
readability of a text is an important element in linguistic factors.
2) Naturalness
Naturalness means that the translation was effective and high level of
acceptance and natural. Translation should not feel tasteless. Translators
should strive to get the best possible counterpart to get a quality translation.
Worth as well as naturally implies that a good translation is not legible or
audible as translation, but like writing / speech original.
E. Translation Quality Assessment
13
In discussing the product of a process of translation, translation quality issues
usually get very serious attention. This is closely related to the translation
function as a means of communication between the author of source-language
to the text reader of target language text. Success or failure of a translation of
function as a communication tool will depend greatly on the quality (Nababan,
2004: 54). Nababan offers two instruments to assess the quality of the
translation is accuracy rating instrument and readibility rating instrument. For
the first instrument, has a scale of 1-4 with indicators such as those expressed
by Nababan (2004: 61) as follows:
Scale
1
2
3
4
Definition
The content of the source sentence is accurately conveyed into
the target sentence. The translated sentence is clear to the
evaluator and no rewriting is needed..
The content of the source sentence is accurately conveyed to
the source sentence. The translated sentence can be clearly
understood by the evaluator, but some rewriting and some
change in word order are needed.
The content of the source sentence is not accurately conveyed
to the target sentence. There are some problems eith the choice
of lexical itemsand with the relationships between phrase,
clause and sentence elements
The source sentence is not translated at all into the target
sentence, i.e. it is omitted or deleted.
For both instruments, namely instrument readability rating, is divided into two
types, namely open and closed with a scale of 1-4 that have meaning scale of 1
(very easy), a scale of 2 (easy), scale 3 (hard), a scale of 4 (very hard )
F. Brochure
14
A brochure is an informative paper document (often also used for
advertising), that can be folded into a template, pamphlet or leaflet. Brochures
are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce
a company or organization and inform about products or services to a target
audience.
Brochures are distributed by radio, handed out personally or placed in
brochure racks. They may be considered as grey literature. They are usually
present near tourist attractions ( taken from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochure )
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Design of The Research
15
This research is qualitative research, the researcher used content analysis
as a design. According to Bogdan and Taylor in Moleong (1989: 3), qualitative
research is a research that results in the descriptive data in the form of written and
oral words from observing people or behavior. The researcher only investigated
specific aspects of a particular case there is translation strategy.
Descriptive research method is descriptive or research that aims to create a
picture of systematic, factual and accurate information on the data and the
connection of the phenomenon under study in this research.
Based on the definitions above, the researchers concluded that the method
is very suitable to the research, the researchers used this method to carry out
research study. Also the researcher uses the theories from Newmark, Baker,
Larson, Nida and Taber to help the researcher analyze the brochure especially the
translation strategy.
B. Procedure of the Research
The Research had been conducted in the following procedure is Prosedure
of the Data Collecting and Procedure of the Data Analyzing.
C. Data and Source
The source of data in this research is tourism Brochure Wayang Village
Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri, published by Tourism Information Centre in
Wonogiri. The data of this research is English texts of tourism Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri consist of 31 sentences. The whole of
16
data would be analyzed by researcher in the form of all English sentences in the
bilingual tourism brochure, and the conclusion would be drawn.
D. Method of the Data Collecting
The data collecting technique in this research contains two kinds to
appropriate with the two objectives of the study as follow:
The data collecting technique to answer the two objective of the study, the
researcher used non test instrument, it is content analysis and documentation.
In content analysis, the researcher collected data from the manual text, both
the source language and target language. While the documentation that used
in this research is tourism Brochure Wayang Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran
Wonogiri, the researcher analyzed the translation strategy through reading the
brochure. The researcher also correctly the brochure with the theories in
chapter two,
E. The Instrument of the Research
The instrument of this research is:
1.
Non Test
In this research, the researcher used non test instrument, there are
content analysis and document.
17
a) Content Analysis
Content Analysis is generally used with a study design whose aim
is to describe things that important and spesific. In this research
the researcher analyisis the tourism brochure several time. During
analyze the brochure, the researcher also analyzed the strategies of
translation in the brochure to find the kinds of translation strategy
and the impact of the translation.
b) Documentation
In documentation, the researcher analyzed the Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri. Documentation is a
collecting data method through analyze documents, images,
photos and videos.
Based on the description above, the researcher used non test instrument,
they are content analysis and documentation as the instrument in this
research.
F. Procedure of the Data Analyzing
According Sutopo (2006: 32) the data analysis technique in this research
contains two kinds to appropriate with the two objectives of the study as
follow:
18
1.
To find out the types of strategies of translation in Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri
To make easier analysis of the data in the first research problem, the
researcher marked the data by codes. The coding of the data in this research is
as follows:
For example: 17/B.su/-.17/B.Sa/-.20/Add-Substr/Str
The explanation of the example above is:
a. 17 means the number of data B.su.
b. B.su means Source of language
c. B.sa means target language
d. 20. Means the number of data B.sa
e. Add-Substr The types of the strategies of translation
Also the researcher collected the data were analyzed as follows:
1. Firstly, the researcher observed the text of Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri in the original message
( English; together with its translation in Indonesian ). Then, the
researcher conducted in the first analysis, that is, analysis on
strategies used by translator in translating the manual text into
Indonesian. After the analysis was completed, the researcher made
classification on based on translate on strategies.
2. Secondly, the collected data were observed and compared the
original message with their translation. Then, the researcher asked
the raters to analyze message transference whether it was accurate
19
or inaccurate. After the analysis was accomplished, the researcher
made classification based on the accuracy of the translation.
3. After the researcher had finished analyzing all the data, the next
step was counting the percentageof each classification.
4. Finally the researcher drew the conclusion of the result of the
analyisis.
G. Validity of the Data.
The researcher used triangulation to check the validity of the data.
Burg and Lune (2012: 6) define triangulation is a term originally more
common in surveying activities, map making, navigation and military
practices. According to Patton in Sutopo (2006: 92), there are four types of
triangulation.
a) Data triangulation
Data triangulation or called source data triangulation is the way the
researcher uses various source in collecting the data.
b) Methodological triangulation
Methodological triangulation is used by collecting the same data, but
using different method.
c) Researcher triangulation
Researcher triangulation is doing by discuss with other researchers
who have satisfy knowledges.
d) Theoretical triangulation
20
Theoretical triangulation is doing by the researcher with more than
one theory to discuss the problems statement.
Based on the description above, the researcher uses two of triangulations, the
researcher employs data triangulation and theoretical triangulation to determine
the validity of data.The researcher used data sources document presently the
point of view from the translator. Then, the researcher uses a variety of theories to
compare that the data collected has been entered requirement. In this research, a
variety of theories described in chapter II to be used and the collection of the data.
REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi.2010. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik.
Jakarta:Rineka Cipta.
Alsa, Asmadi.2010. Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Serta Kombinasinya
Dalam Penelitian Psikologi. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Baker, Mona 1992. In Other Words- A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge
21
Berg, Bruce. L and Howard Lune. 2013. Qualitative Research Methods for the
Social Sciences. California State University: Long Beach.
Cabre, M. Teresa. 1999. Terminology: Theory, Methods, and Application. John
Benjamins Publishing
Cartford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford University Press
Halliday, M. A. K, and Ruqaiya Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. Routledge
Herdiansyah, Haris. 2010. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial.
Jakarta : Salemba Humanika.
Malmkjaer, Kirsten. 2005. Linguistics and the Language of Translation. Edinburg
University Press.
Moloeng, lexy J. 2004. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung : Rosda.
Nasution, Prof. Dr. S. 2003. Metode Penelitian Naturalistik Kualitatif. Bandung :
Tarsito.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. The University of Michigan.
Oxford.1987.Oxford
Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary
English.NewYork : Oxford University Press.
of
Current
Sutopo, Ariesto. Hadi. 2006. Penelitian Kualitatif: Dasar Teori dan Terapannya
dalam Penelitian. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.
22
GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK PENDA 2 KARANGANYAR
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018
Thesis Proposal
Submitted to Fulfill One of the Requirements for Getting the Undergraduate
Degree of Education in English Program of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty
By
Yogan Tando Asmoro
(1151800072)
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING OF EDUCATION FACULTY
VETERAN BANGUN NUSANTARA UNIVERSITY OF SUKOHARJO
2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE............................................................................................................
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study........................................................................1
B. Limitation of the Problems.....................................................................3
C. Research Problem...................................................................................3
D. Objectives of the Study...........................................................................3
E. Benefit of the Study................................................................................4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A.Definiton of Translation.........................................................................5
B. The Types of Translation ......................................................................5
C. The Structure of Translation................................................................6
D. The Function of Translation ................................................................ 10
E. Theory of Translation ..................................................... .....................11
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Design of Research................................................................................16
B. Procedure of the Research ................................................................... 17
C. Data and Data Source........................................................................... 18
D. Method of the Research ....................................................................... 18
E. The Instrument of The Research..........................................................19
F. Procedure of the Data Analyzing ......................................................... 20
G. Validity of Data .................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.Background of the Study
Language is a means of communication among people. There are so many
languages that people use to express their ideas or transfer messages. One of them
is English. English is one of the international languages that has been used in most
of the countries in the world. Some countries in the world use English as their
second language to communicate one to another in every international event like
meeting, conferences, commerces, or work shop.
English has become one of the largest international languages used in the
world. For examples from simple things, listen English songs, watch English
movies, and read English books. By an enough English understanding we can
enlargeour knowledge about many things all over the world. We know many
information,news and also education from other countries.
The effectiveness of each type of communication depends to the
communicator’s ability to send, receive, decode, and send a response. So,
communication is important and used in our daily life.The public information is
very important, especially information that people need. The public information
has many forms, such as magazine, newspaper, book, booklet, brochure or leaflet
,and etc. In this study the researcher only focus on information that source from
tourism brochure.
Brochure belongs to printed media of communication. The tourism
brochure contains the information about tourism destination. Help the tourist if
1
they want to know information about tourism destination. The tourism brochure of
course written using two language, there are source language and target language.
In wayang village brochure used two language there are Indonesian and English,
so interest if the researcher want to analyis.
An analysis of translation strategy in brochure is interesting because the
way to understanding about language is study of translation . The term, text and
context serve as a reminder that these are aspect of the same process. A text is a
piece of language in use,that is “ Language that is functional” ( Halliday and
Hasan, 1995 : Butt, p3). A text’s length is not important and it can be either
spoken or written. The importance of written and spoken language is to be applied
for language teaching. Because the learners need to understand it more. It’s used
to communication in our live.
This unity of purposes gives a text both texture and structure texture
comes from the way the meaning in the text fit coherently with each other.
Structure refers to the way that most pieces of language in use will contain certain
obligatory structural element appropriate to their purpose and context. So, this
research is about describe the content, structure, and function of the message of
tourism Brochure Wayang Village by Dinas Kebudayaan,Pariwisata,Pemuda dan
Olahraga Kabupaten Wonogiri.
The researcher is focusing on translation strategy because translation is
very important role in second language learning. Translation is more complex
and difficult, requiring the mastery not only grammatical and theoretically devices
but also the conceptual and judgment.
2
Translation is the sense of most poeple would perceive it as an active of
great importance in the modern world. The twentieth century globalization era
has made the world ‘narrower’ meaning that people from different parts of the
world , not only geographically, but also culturally and ideologically, can easily
make contacts. It is why the researcher tries to research entitled “ A translation
strategy of Brochure Wayang Village in Kabupaten Wonogiri.
B. Limitation of the Problem
The researcher only focus on translation strategy on Brochure from Dinas
Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Wonogiri also the researcher identify
how tehcnique and quality the writer to translate the Brochure from English
into Indonesia.
C. Research Problems
Based on the problem limitation above, the researcher formulated the research
problem of this research are as follows:
1. What translation strategies are used by translator in the Brochure Wayang
Village ?
2. How is the quality of translation in the Brochure Wayang Village ?
D. Objectives of the Study
1. To describe the kinds strategy translation on in the Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri
3
2.
To describe the quality of translation in the Brochure Wayang Village
Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri
E. Benefit of the Study
The researcher expects that the research may give some benefits both
theoretically and practically.
1.
Theoretically
a. The researcher hopes that this research can be used in English
teaching learning process especially on translation study
b. This research will give more information and references for other
researcher related with translation of strategy..
2.
Practically
a. English Department Students
The researcher hopes this research will give deeper understanding
for the students of English Department in studying translation
b. For teacher
It can help the teacher to teach especially translation study, they can used
the brochure as the inovation to teach in the teaching learning process..
4
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Definition of Translation
“Translation is a process aimed at facilitating communication between
speakers of different languages. Translation implies understanding the source text
and this requires knowledge of the specific terms of the source and target
language. This means, in turn, that technical translators must have some
familiarity with the subject matter they are translating”. (Cabré 1999, 47)
Tourism brochure as media can be to analyzed by researcher to find the
strategies and quality of translation. It is important because tourism brochure used
to give information that made the tourist interest with tourism place. So concern
with information in tourism brochure especially about the strategies of translation
needed by researcher to help the reader.
B. The Types of Translation.
Jacobson (1959/2000) in Venuti (2000:114) distinguishes three
types of translation, namely (1) inter-lingual translation, or rewording (an
interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same
language, (2) intra-lingual translation, or translation proper (an
interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language, and (3)
5
inter-semiotic translation, or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign system). Larson (1984)
distinguishes kinds of translation basically into (1) form-based translation
and (2) meaning-based translation.
Some other experts on translation studies, such as, Catford
(1965:20-21) defines translation as the replacements of textual material in
one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language
(TL). Dubois‟ (1974) translated by Bell (1991:5) defines translation as the
expression in another language (or target language) of what has been
expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic
equivalences. Larson (1984:3) defines translation, then, consists of
studying the lexicon, grmmatical structure, communication situation, and
cultral context of the source language text, analysing it in order to
determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using
the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the
RECEPTOR LANGUAGE and its cultural context. Newmark (1988:5)
defines translation as rendering the meaning of a text into another
language in the way that the author intended.
Typical features of such texts and restrictions that have to be
followed are described below. Tourist brochure is a special kind of text
containing many technical data used for advertising purposes. Tourist
catalogues or brochures have many characteristic features, such as
graphical design, pictures or different fonts. Text in these documents is not
6
continuous but rather separated into sentences or paragraphs placed
variously in the page. Individual paragraphs or expressions can be
followed by pictures, graphics, tables etc.
Three main functions of text are distinguished. The main purpose of tourist
brochure is to catch reader’s attention, inform and attract. All these three
aspects form the message of the text:
1. Informative
2. Expressive
3. Operative
Text in tourist brochure is oriented on the content which means that carries
essential information. To make the text more compulsive effective expressive
elements, such as metaphor, proverbs, pun or alliteration, could be used. The
graphical layout and the verbal text in tourist brochures and other advertising
texts are usually followed by pictures and logos. Diagrams and maps are also
frequently used. These particular components are interconnected, influence
each other, and create an overall impression of the whole advertising
document.
C. Translating strategy
The translation strategy is tactics by translator to translate a word or group of
words, or perhaps a full sentence if the sentence cannot to divide into smaller
units to be translated. According Suryawinata (2003: 67) calls the strategy of
translation as a translation procedure (translation procedures).
7
Still according Suryawinata ( 200: 67), there are two main types of translation
strategies, namely:
a. strategy with regard to the structure of the sentence in which this strategy is
required, because if didn’t have the translation will not structurally in Bsa.
b. strategies are directly related to the meaning of words or phrases (semantic)
which is being translated.
1. Structural Strategies
There are three basic strategies related to structural problems, namely the addition,
subtraction and transposition (Suryawinata, 2003: 67-69).
1) Addition (Addition)
is the addition of the words within the structure Bsa because it is willed so. The
addition of this type is not a problem of choice but a necessity, in the following
example:
BSU: Switch the phone off near medical equipment
BSA: Nonaktifkan telepon saat berada di sekitar peralatan medis.
The example above shows that an extra word 'saat berada' in Bsa with a view to
making the translation in Bsa more acceptable.
2) Subtraction (subtraction)
8
Is the reduction of the structural elements in the Bsa. This reduction is also a must
to produce precision and naturalness messages in Bsa, as the following example:
BSU: Avoid touching this connector as it is sensitive to electrostatic discharge.
BSA: Jangan sentuh konektor ini karena sensitive terhadap pelepasan muatan
listrik statis.
In the example above, the word 'it is' in the BSU that refers to the word connector,
not translated in Bsa.
3) Transposition (transposition)
This translation strategy is used to translate the clause or sentence, and could be
seen as a necessity or as options. Transposition is imperative if without this
strategy is not delivered within the meaning of BSU to BSA. Transposition be an
option if it is done for reasons of style only, the meaning is without any
transposition the meaning of BSU has been accepted by BSA text reader. More
details on this strategy, the translator changed the original structure of BSU into
Bsa sentence to achieve the effect of the match. This conversion is done if there is
a difference between BSU and Bsa structure reasonable. These changes can
include changing the plural to the singular, position of adjectives, to changing the
structure of the overall sentence.
Example:
BSU: Your device has an internal antenna.
BSA: Perangkat anda dilengkapi antenna dalam.
9
The example above shows the change in the overall structure of the sentence,
from the original sentence aktif (in BSU), be passive (in Bsa).
2. Semantic Strategy
Semantic strategy is a strategy that bring a word of BSU translation into text Bsa.
This semantic strategy consists of several things, including levies strategy
(borrowing), additions, deletions and modulation (Suryawinata, 2003: 70-75).
1) Borrowing
Is a translation strategy that brings words of Bsa into text BSU. Translators
just picked words of Bsa that there was, therefore, this strategy is called
'pungutan'. Charges could include 'transliteration' and 'naturalization'.
Transliteration is a translation strategy that maintains the BSU words as a
whole, both the sound and writing. Naturalization is the continuation of a
transliteration, where speech and writing adapted to the language rules on Bsa.
Example :
The word of BSU
Access
Transliteration
-
Naturalization
Akses
Mode
Mode
Mode
Code
-
Kode
Level
Level
Level
Antena
-
Antena
10
2) Addition
The strategy of addition could be done by a translator for consideration clarity
of meaning. The translator to enter additional information in the text of the
translation because he believes that readers need them.
How to write this additional text by Newmark (1988: 91-92) can be placed in
the text, at the bottom of the page (in the form of footnotes), or at the end of
the text. This strategy can be used to help translate the words that relate to
cultural, technical, or other science.
Example: BSU: Not following them may be dangerous or illegal
Bsa: Mengabaikan peraturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku dapat
membahayakan keselamatan dan melanggar hukum.
In the example above the word 'them' to be clarified by adding the word 'rules
and regulations', while the word 'dangerous' and 'illegal' written description
'might jeopardize the safety and unlawful'.
3) Elimination (omission or Deletion)
Elimination' means deleting the word or piece of text from BSU in the text
BSA. In other words 'deletion' means not translating word or section of text
BSU into Bsa for word or section of text BSU is not so important to entire text
of Bsa and usually rather difficult to translate.
Example:
BSU: Get started
11
Bsa: Persiapan
The example above shows that the deletion of the word 'get' the BSU does not
affect the message to be conveyed in Bsa.
4) Modulation (Modulation)
According to Newmark (1988: 88) used modulation because the translator
looked at the message in the sentence BSU from a different angle or a
different way of thinking. This strategy is used when translating the words
with meaning literal translation does not produce normal and natural.
Example: BSU: I broke my leg
Bsa: Kakiku patah
In the example, the translator looked at the problem from the object, the "legs"
and not in terms of the perpetrators of "I". This viewpoint is required because
the structure of Indonesian willed so (Zuchridin Suryawinata and Sugeng
Hariyanto, 2003: 76).
D. Translation Quality and Translation Quality Assessment
a. Translation Quality
According Nababan (2004: 54) said thr functions of translation as a means of
communication between authors and readers of the source language text
subtitles target. Success or failure of a translation in its function as a
communication tool will depend greatly on the quality of the translation itself.
12
To determine whether or not a quality translations, the translation should be
assessed or evaluated (Nababan, 2004: 54). In the opinion of Barnwell (1984:
15) as cited by Zuhridin Suryawinata (2003) that whether or not the translation
is based on three aspects:
1) The accuracy
The precision or accuracy means understanding the message BSU right and
shifted the meaning of the message as precisely as possible in Bsa. To
determine the quality of the translation, it is necessary to know how the level
of fidelity and accuracy of the message contained in Bsa.
2) Clarity
Clarity means that there are several ways of expressing an idea clearly. Clarity
refers to the degree of ease of an article to be understood his point. The
involvement of the reader element in determining the level of clarity and
readability of a text is an important element in linguistic factors.
2) Naturalness
Naturalness means that the translation was effective and high level of
acceptance and natural. Translation should not feel tasteless. Translators
should strive to get the best possible counterpart to get a quality translation.
Worth as well as naturally implies that a good translation is not legible or
audible as translation, but like writing / speech original.
E. Translation Quality Assessment
13
In discussing the product of a process of translation, translation quality issues
usually get very serious attention. This is closely related to the translation
function as a means of communication between the author of source-language
to the text reader of target language text. Success or failure of a translation of
function as a communication tool will depend greatly on the quality (Nababan,
2004: 54). Nababan offers two instruments to assess the quality of the
translation is accuracy rating instrument and readibility rating instrument. For
the first instrument, has a scale of 1-4 with indicators such as those expressed
by Nababan (2004: 61) as follows:
Scale
1
2
3
4
Definition
The content of the source sentence is accurately conveyed into
the target sentence. The translated sentence is clear to the
evaluator and no rewriting is needed..
The content of the source sentence is accurately conveyed to
the source sentence. The translated sentence can be clearly
understood by the evaluator, but some rewriting and some
change in word order are needed.
The content of the source sentence is not accurately conveyed
to the target sentence. There are some problems eith the choice
of lexical itemsand with the relationships between phrase,
clause and sentence elements
The source sentence is not translated at all into the target
sentence, i.e. it is omitted or deleted.
For both instruments, namely instrument readability rating, is divided into two
types, namely open and closed with a scale of 1-4 that have meaning scale of 1
(very easy), a scale of 2 (easy), scale 3 (hard), a scale of 4 (very hard )
F. Brochure
14
A brochure is an informative paper document (often also used for
advertising), that can be folded into a template, pamphlet or leaflet. Brochures
are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce
a company or organization and inform about products or services to a target
audience.
Brochures are distributed by radio, handed out personally or placed in
brochure racks. They may be considered as grey literature. They are usually
present near tourist attractions ( taken from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochure )
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Design of The Research
15
This research is qualitative research, the researcher used content analysis
as a design. According to Bogdan and Taylor in Moleong (1989: 3), qualitative
research is a research that results in the descriptive data in the form of written and
oral words from observing people or behavior. The researcher only investigated
specific aspects of a particular case there is translation strategy.
Descriptive research method is descriptive or research that aims to create a
picture of systematic, factual and accurate information on the data and the
connection of the phenomenon under study in this research.
Based on the definitions above, the researchers concluded that the method
is very suitable to the research, the researchers used this method to carry out
research study. Also the researcher uses the theories from Newmark, Baker,
Larson, Nida and Taber to help the researcher analyze the brochure especially the
translation strategy.
B. Procedure of the Research
The Research had been conducted in the following procedure is Prosedure
of the Data Collecting and Procedure of the Data Analyzing.
C. Data and Source
The source of data in this research is tourism Brochure Wayang Village
Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri, published by Tourism Information Centre in
Wonogiri. The data of this research is English texts of tourism Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri consist of 31 sentences. The whole of
16
data would be analyzed by researcher in the form of all English sentences in the
bilingual tourism brochure, and the conclusion would be drawn.
D. Method of the Data Collecting
The data collecting technique in this research contains two kinds to
appropriate with the two objectives of the study as follow:
The data collecting technique to answer the two objective of the study, the
researcher used non test instrument, it is content analysis and documentation.
In content analysis, the researcher collected data from the manual text, both
the source language and target language. While the documentation that used
in this research is tourism Brochure Wayang Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran
Wonogiri, the researcher analyzed the translation strategy through reading the
brochure. The researcher also correctly the brochure with the theories in
chapter two,
E. The Instrument of the Research
The instrument of this research is:
1.
Non Test
In this research, the researcher used non test instrument, there are
content analysis and document.
17
a) Content Analysis
Content Analysis is generally used with a study design whose aim
is to describe things that important and spesific. In this research
the researcher analyisis the tourism brochure several time. During
analyze the brochure, the researcher also analyzed the strategies of
translation in the brochure to find the kinds of translation strategy
and the impact of the translation.
b) Documentation
In documentation, the researcher analyzed the Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri. Documentation is a
collecting data method through analyze documents, images,
photos and videos.
Based on the description above, the researcher used non test instrument,
they are content analysis and documentation as the instrument in this
research.
F. Procedure of the Data Analyzing
According Sutopo (2006: 32) the data analysis technique in this research
contains two kinds to appropriate with the two objectives of the study as
follow:
18
1.
To find out the types of strategies of translation in Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri
To make easier analysis of the data in the first research problem, the
researcher marked the data by codes. The coding of the data in this research is
as follows:
For example: 17/B.su/-.17/B.Sa/-.20/Add-Substr/Str
The explanation of the example above is:
a. 17 means the number of data B.su.
b. B.su means Source of language
c. B.sa means target language
d. 20. Means the number of data B.sa
e. Add-Substr The types of the strategies of translation
Also the researcher collected the data were analyzed as follows:
1. Firstly, the researcher observed the text of Brochure Wayang
Village Kepuh Sari Manyaran Wonogiri in the original message
( English; together with its translation in Indonesian ). Then, the
researcher conducted in the first analysis, that is, analysis on
strategies used by translator in translating the manual text into
Indonesian. After the analysis was completed, the researcher made
classification on based on translate on strategies.
2. Secondly, the collected data were observed and compared the
original message with their translation. Then, the researcher asked
the raters to analyze message transference whether it was accurate
19
or inaccurate. After the analysis was accomplished, the researcher
made classification based on the accuracy of the translation.
3. After the researcher had finished analyzing all the data, the next
step was counting the percentageof each classification.
4. Finally the researcher drew the conclusion of the result of the
analyisis.
G. Validity of the Data.
The researcher used triangulation to check the validity of the data.
Burg and Lune (2012: 6) define triangulation is a term originally more
common in surveying activities, map making, navigation and military
practices. According to Patton in Sutopo (2006: 92), there are four types of
triangulation.
a) Data triangulation
Data triangulation or called source data triangulation is the way the
researcher uses various source in collecting the data.
b) Methodological triangulation
Methodological triangulation is used by collecting the same data, but
using different method.
c) Researcher triangulation
Researcher triangulation is doing by discuss with other researchers
who have satisfy knowledges.
d) Theoretical triangulation
20
Theoretical triangulation is doing by the researcher with more than
one theory to discuss the problems statement.
Based on the description above, the researcher uses two of triangulations, the
researcher employs data triangulation and theoretical triangulation to determine
the validity of data.The researcher used data sources document presently the
point of view from the translator. Then, the researcher uses a variety of theories to
compare that the data collected has been entered requirement. In this research, a
variety of theories described in chapter II to be used and the collection of the data.
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