An Analysis Of Code Choice Found Among Case Education Staffs
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE CHOICE FOUND AMONG CaSE
EDUCATION STAFFS
A THESIS
By
INDRI ELAN DEWI SINURAT
Reg. No. 110721026
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise and thanks be spoken to Hadrat Allah, who has bestowed His grace
by giving strength, patience, and encouragement to the author in an attempt to
prepare this thesis.
Appreciation for the Dean of the Faculty of Letters, Prof. Drs. Syahron Lubis,
M.A and staff of the Faculty of Letters. Thank you for the opportunity given to the
author to successfully complete this thesis.
Millions of infinite gratitude to Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA as supervisor
and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. PhD as co-supervisor of this thesis that has been
providing counseling, guidance, instruction and encouragement to authors to
complete this thesis. All the knowledge is very meaningful. Hopefully all the
guidance given blessings of Allah.
Deepest gratitude also goes to the chairperson of the English Department, Dr.
H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. and the secretary of the English Department Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, M.A. PhD for their guidance and support during year of her study.
The writer is grateful to all the lecturers of English Department who have
educated her and shared their invaluable knowledge with her. She really realizes that
without them, she will not be able to succeed.
Appreciation for the beloved father and mother H. Dohari Sinurat and Hj.
Darwaini Pasaribu and the whole family for having a lot of encouragement and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
enthusiasm for the author in order to complete this thesis. Prayer and blessing of both
of you is the strength for the author.
Finally, the writer would like to thank all his friends whose name cannot be
mentioned one by one on this occasion. She wants to thank them for their unceasing
supports, priceless advice as well as their warm friendship.
On the account of the fact that this thesis is still far from perfection, the writer
greatly appreciates any constructive criticisms that any concerned readers might
have.
Medan, October, 2014
Indri Elan Dewi S
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “ An Analysis of Code Choice Found Among CaSE
Education Staffs” membahas mengenai pemilihan kode antara Bahasa Indonesia dan
Bahasa Inggris yang terjadi dalam percakapan sehari-hari yang dilakukan staff CaSE
Education ketika bekerja. Skripsi ini terdiri dari 5(lima) bab, yaitu: bab I mengenai
pendahuluan yang membahas tentang latar belakang, batasan masalah, permasalahan,
tujuan penulisan dan manfaat penulisan. Bab II membahas tentang teori-teori tentang
sociolinguistics, speech community,bilingualism, code mixing and code switching.
Bab III membahas metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan. Bab IV mengenai hasil
analisis tentang penggunaan pilihan kode bahasa yang dilakukan staff CaSE
Education. Bab V merupakan hasil kesimpulan dan saran untuk pembaca. Penulis
menggunak metode deskriptif kualitati. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis
meggunakan metode field research dengan mengobservasi langsung melalui
rekaman dan mencatat hal-hal penting yang menjadi bagian penting dalam proses
pengumpulan data. Sample yang diteliti oleh penulis adalah staffs adminitrasi CaSE
Education yang terdiri dari dua orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sejak Maret –
Agustus 20114. Berdasarkan masalah yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini penulis
menemukan tipe alih kode dan campur kode, tipe kode yang paling dominan, dan
alasan sample melakukan campur ataupun alih kode.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis “An Analysis of Code Choice Found Among CaSE Education
Staffs” is about code changing between Bahasa Indonesia and English happened
among CaSE Eduction Staffs in their daily conversation at work. This thesis consist
of 5 chapters: Chapters I, discusses about the background, the scope, the problems,
the objective and the significance of study In chapter II, the writer discusses theories
about sociolingustics, s peech community,bilingualism, code mixing and code
switching. Chapter III contains the method of research that the writer used for this
analysis. Chapter IV, is about the result of the analysis about code choice among
CaSE Education staffs. In chapter V, it contains the conclusion and suggestion for
the readers. The writer used descriptive qualitative method. In the term of collecting
data, the writer used field research method by way of direct observation (participant
observation) by recording the conversations and took notes for the essentials points
in process of collecting the data. Sample under study is the admin staffs of CaSE
Education. Data collection was conducted from March – August 2014 . according to
the problems of study in this thesis the writer found the types of code mixing and
code choice that the samples used in their daly conversation at work, which types is
dominantly used and the reasons why they change their codes in their daily
conversation at work.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
………………………………1
1.2 PROBLEM OF STUDY
………………………………6
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
………………………………7
1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY
………………………………7
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
………………………………7
1.6 METHOD OF STUDY
………………………………8
1.7 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
………………………………8
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
………………………………10
2.1 RELATED STUDIES
2.2 REVIEW OF UNDERLYING THEORY ………………….…..11
2.2.1 SOCIOLINGUISTICS
……………………………….11
2.2.2 SPEECH COMMUNITIES
……………………………….13
2.2.3 BILLINGUALISM
……………………………….15
2.2.4 CODE
……………………………….16
2.2.5 CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING ………………18
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 POPULATION AND SAMPLE ………………………………29
3.2 LOCATION AND TIME OF OBSERVATION ……………….31
3.3 DATA COLLECTING METHOD ……………………………..31
3.4 DATA ANALYZING METHOD ………………………………32
i
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IV. FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 THE TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING USED BY ADMIN
STAFFS IN CASE EDUCATION IN DAILY WORK
ACTIVITIES…………………………………………………….35
4.1.1 INTERSENTETIAL SWITCHING…………………..37
4.1.2 INTRA-SENTETIAL SWITCHING…………………39
4.1.3 TAG SWITCHING…………………………………...41
4.1.4 THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF CODE
SWITCHING TYPES FOUND IN CASE EDUCATION
DAILY WORK ACTIVITIES…………………………41
4.2 THE FORMS OF CODE MIXING USED BY ADMIN STAFFS
OF CASE EDUCATION IN DAILY WORK ACTIVITIES…...42
4.2.1 THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF CODE
MIXING FORMS FOUND IN THE CONVERSATION
OF CASE EDUCATION STAFFS……………………50
4.3 REASONS WHY CASE EDUCATION STAFFS USE CODE
SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN THEIR DAILY WORK
ACTIVITIES…………………………………………………….51
4.3.1 PARTICIPANT ROLES AND RELATIONSHIP…….51
4.3.2 SITUATIONAL FACTORS…………………………...55
4.3.3 MESSAGE-INTRINSIC FACTORS…………………..56
V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION………………………………………………….64
5.2 SUGGESTION…………………………………………………..65
ii
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APPENDICE………………………………………………………………66
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………76
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
EDUCATION STAFFS
A THESIS
By
INDRI ELAN DEWI SINURAT
Reg. No. 110721026
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise and thanks be spoken to Hadrat Allah, who has bestowed His grace
by giving strength, patience, and encouragement to the author in an attempt to
prepare this thesis.
Appreciation for the Dean of the Faculty of Letters, Prof. Drs. Syahron Lubis,
M.A and staff of the Faculty of Letters. Thank you for the opportunity given to the
author to successfully complete this thesis.
Millions of infinite gratitude to Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA as supervisor
and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. PhD as co-supervisor of this thesis that has been
providing counseling, guidance, instruction and encouragement to authors to
complete this thesis. All the knowledge is very meaningful. Hopefully all the
guidance given blessings of Allah.
Deepest gratitude also goes to the chairperson of the English Department, Dr.
H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. and the secretary of the English Department Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, M.A. PhD for their guidance and support during year of her study.
The writer is grateful to all the lecturers of English Department who have
educated her and shared their invaluable knowledge with her. She really realizes that
without them, she will not be able to succeed.
Appreciation for the beloved father and mother H. Dohari Sinurat and Hj.
Darwaini Pasaribu and the whole family for having a lot of encouragement and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
enthusiasm for the author in order to complete this thesis. Prayer and blessing of both
of you is the strength for the author.
Finally, the writer would like to thank all his friends whose name cannot be
mentioned one by one on this occasion. She wants to thank them for their unceasing
supports, priceless advice as well as their warm friendship.
On the account of the fact that this thesis is still far from perfection, the writer
greatly appreciates any constructive criticisms that any concerned readers might
have.
Medan, October, 2014
Indri Elan Dewi S
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “ An Analysis of Code Choice Found Among CaSE
Education Staffs” membahas mengenai pemilihan kode antara Bahasa Indonesia dan
Bahasa Inggris yang terjadi dalam percakapan sehari-hari yang dilakukan staff CaSE
Education ketika bekerja. Skripsi ini terdiri dari 5(lima) bab, yaitu: bab I mengenai
pendahuluan yang membahas tentang latar belakang, batasan masalah, permasalahan,
tujuan penulisan dan manfaat penulisan. Bab II membahas tentang teori-teori tentang
sociolinguistics, speech community,bilingualism, code mixing and code switching.
Bab III membahas metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan. Bab IV mengenai hasil
analisis tentang penggunaan pilihan kode bahasa yang dilakukan staff CaSE
Education. Bab V merupakan hasil kesimpulan dan saran untuk pembaca. Penulis
menggunak metode deskriptif kualitati. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis
meggunakan metode field research dengan mengobservasi langsung melalui
rekaman dan mencatat hal-hal penting yang menjadi bagian penting dalam proses
pengumpulan data. Sample yang diteliti oleh penulis adalah staffs adminitrasi CaSE
Education yang terdiri dari dua orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sejak Maret –
Agustus 20114. Berdasarkan masalah yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini penulis
menemukan tipe alih kode dan campur kode, tipe kode yang paling dominan, dan
alasan sample melakukan campur ataupun alih kode.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This thesis “An Analysis of Code Choice Found Among CaSE Education
Staffs” is about code changing between Bahasa Indonesia and English happened
among CaSE Eduction Staffs in their daily conversation at work. This thesis consist
of 5 chapters: Chapters I, discusses about the background, the scope, the problems,
the objective and the significance of study In chapter II, the writer discusses theories
about sociolingustics, s peech community,bilingualism, code mixing and code
switching. Chapter III contains the method of research that the writer used for this
analysis. Chapter IV, is about the result of the analysis about code choice among
CaSE Education staffs. In chapter V, it contains the conclusion and suggestion for
the readers. The writer used descriptive qualitative method. In the term of collecting
data, the writer used field research method by way of direct observation (participant
observation) by recording the conversations and took notes for the essentials points
in process of collecting the data. Sample under study is the admin staffs of CaSE
Education. Data collection was conducted from March – August 2014 . according to
the problems of study in this thesis the writer found the types of code mixing and
code choice that the samples used in their daly conversation at work, which types is
dominantly used and the reasons why they change their codes in their daily
conversation at work.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
………………………………1
1.2 PROBLEM OF STUDY
………………………………6
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
………………………………7
1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY
………………………………7
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
………………………………7
1.6 METHOD OF STUDY
………………………………8
1.7 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
………………………………8
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
………………………………10
2.1 RELATED STUDIES
2.2 REVIEW OF UNDERLYING THEORY ………………….…..11
2.2.1 SOCIOLINGUISTICS
……………………………….11
2.2.2 SPEECH COMMUNITIES
……………………………….13
2.2.3 BILLINGUALISM
……………………………….15
2.2.4 CODE
……………………………….16
2.2.5 CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING ………………18
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 POPULATION AND SAMPLE ………………………………29
3.2 LOCATION AND TIME OF OBSERVATION ……………….31
3.3 DATA COLLECTING METHOD ……………………………..31
3.4 DATA ANALYZING METHOD ………………………………32
i
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IV. FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.1 THE TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING USED BY ADMIN
STAFFS IN CASE EDUCATION IN DAILY WORK
ACTIVITIES…………………………………………………….35
4.1.1 INTERSENTETIAL SWITCHING…………………..37
4.1.2 INTRA-SENTETIAL SWITCHING…………………39
4.1.3 TAG SWITCHING…………………………………...41
4.1.4 THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF CODE
SWITCHING TYPES FOUND IN CASE EDUCATION
DAILY WORK ACTIVITIES…………………………41
4.2 THE FORMS OF CODE MIXING USED BY ADMIN STAFFS
OF CASE EDUCATION IN DAILY WORK ACTIVITIES…...42
4.2.1 THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF CODE
MIXING FORMS FOUND IN THE CONVERSATION
OF CASE EDUCATION STAFFS……………………50
4.3 REASONS WHY CASE EDUCATION STAFFS USE CODE
SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN THEIR DAILY WORK
ACTIVITIES…………………………………………………….51
4.3.1 PARTICIPANT ROLES AND RELATIONSHIP…….51
4.3.2 SITUATIONAL FACTORS…………………………...55
4.3.3 MESSAGE-INTRINSIC FACTORS…………………..56
V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION………………………………………………….64
5.2 SUGGESTION…………………………………………………..65
ii
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APPENDICE………………………………………………………………66
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………76
iii
Universitas Sumatera Utara