Perbedaan Kadar Hba1c Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Dengan Dan Tanpa Stroke Iskemik
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Gavin JR, Alberti KGMM, Davidson MB, DeFronzo RA, Drash A,
Gabbe SG. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and
classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24 (Suppl.1):
S5-S20.
2. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL et al. Position statement executive
summary: guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in
the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care.
2011;341419–1423.
3. Truelsen,
T.
Begg,
S.
Mathers,
C.
The
Global
Burden
of
Cerebrovascular Disease. 2000. Burden of Diseases. World Health
Organization. 2000.
4. Mansjoer, A., Suprohaita, S.W., Dkk. 2000,.Stroke. Kapita Selekta
Kedokteran,
Edisi
ketiga
jilid
2,
Media
Aesculapius
Fakultas
Kedokteran UI: Jakarta,17.
5. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 6th ed. Brussels
(Belgium): International Diabetes Federation; 2013
6. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Ford ES, Eberhardt MS, Byrd-Holt DD, Li C, et al.
Full accounting of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the U.S. population in
1988–1994 and 2005–2006. Diabetes Care 2009;32:287–294
55
7. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Konsensus Pengendalian dan
Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe2 di Indonesia 2011, PB. PERKENI.
Jakarta 2011
8. Hinkle, JL. Guanci, MM. Acute Ischemic Stroke Review. J Neurosci
Nurs. 2007; 39 (5): 285-293, 310
9. Maas, MB. Safdieh, JE. Ischemic Stroke: Pathophysiology and
Principles of Localization. Neurology Board Review Manual. Neurology.
2009; 13(1): 2-16
10. Sutrisno, Alfred. Stroke? You Must Know Before you Get It!. Jakarta:
PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2007. Hal: 1-13
11. Departemen Kesehatan. Pusat Data dan Informasi. Profil Kesehatan
Indonesia 2008. Jakarta. Departemen Kesehatan RI 2009
12. Widjaja D. Perkembangan penyelidikan mutakhir faktor risiko stroke.
Kumpulan Makalah Simposium Continuing Medical Education (CME).
The VIth Perdossi Course on Stroke 1999:1-25.
13. Megherbi SE, Milan C, Minier D, et al. Association between diabetes
and stroke subtype on survival and functional outcome 3 months after
stroke: data from the European BIOMED Stroke Project. Stroke
2003;34:688-94.
14. Kissela BM, Khoury J, Kleindorfer D et al. Epidemiology of ischemic
stroke in patients with diabetes: the greater Cincinnati/Northern
Kentucky Stroke Study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:355-9.
56
15. Sander D, Sander K, Poppert H. Review : Stroke in type 2 diabetes.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2008: 8: 222
16. Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL, Lee HS et al. Metabolic syndrome and
ischemic stroke risk: Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2008; 39:30-5
17. Ravipati G, Aronow WS, Kumbar S. Patients with diabetes mellitus with
ischemic stroke have a higher hemoglobin A1c level and a higher
serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol level than diabetics without
ischemic stroke. Arch Med Sci 2009; 5, 3: 391-393
18. Warlow CP, Dennis MS, vanGijn J, Hankey GJ, Sandercock PAG,
Bamford JM, et al. Stroke a practical guide to management. Oxford:
Blackwell Science; 1996.
19. Davis SM. New information about managing temperature, blood
pressure and glucose in acute ischemic stroke. Ann Am Neurol 2000;
2: 1-12.
20. Oppenheimer SM, Hoffbrand BI, Oswald GA, Yudkin J. Diabetes
mellitus and early mortality from stroke. Br Med J 1985; 291: 1014-5.
21. Bener, A., Kamran, S., Elouzi, E.B., Hamad, A., Heller, R.F.
Association between stroke and acute myocardial infarction and its
related risk factors: hypertension and diabetes. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg.
2005; 5: 24-7
22. Ikeda F, Doi Y, Ninomiya T,et al. Haemoglobin A1c even within nondiabetic level is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in a general
57
Japanese
population:
the
Hisayama
Study.
Cardiovascular
Diabetology. 2013, 12:164
23. Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hata J, et al. Impact of glucose tolerance status on
development of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease in a
general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. Stroke. 2010,
41:203–209.
24. Shuangxi G, Song T, Bo S. Study of the relationship of glycated
hemoglobin
levels
and
neurological
impairment
and
three
monthsprognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Life Science
Journal, 2012;9(2)
25. Oh HG, Rhee EJ, Kim TW, et al. Higher Glycated Hemoglobin Level Is
Associated with Increased Risk for Ischemic Stroke in Non-Diabetic
Korean Male Adults. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35:551-557
26. Selvin E, Coresh J, Shahar E, et al. Glycaemia (haemoglobinA1c) and
incident ischaemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
(ARIC) Study. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4: 821-6.
27. Zafar A, Shahid SK, Siddiqui M, Khan FS. Pattern of stroke in type 2
diabetic subjects versus non diabetic subjects. J Ayub Med Coll
Abbottabad. 2007;19(4): 64-67
28. Rahbar S, Blumenfeld E, Ranney HM. Studies of an unusual
hemoglobin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun, 1969,36 : 838-843
58
29. Haque KS, Siddiqui MR. Clinical Significance of Glycated Hemoglobin
(HbA1c).AKMMC J. 2013; 4(1): 3-5
30. World Health Organization. Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in
the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Abbreviated Report of a WHO
Consultation. Geneva. WHO. 2011
31. Braatvedt GD, Cundy T, Crooke M, Florkowski C, Mann JI, Lunt H, et
al. Understanding the new HbA1c units for the diagnosis of Type 2
diabetes. N Z Med J 2012;125:70-80.
32. Pani LN, Korenda L, Meigs JB, et al. Effect of aging on A1C levels in
individuals without diabetes: evidence from the Framingham. Diabetes
Care 2008 Oct;31(10):1991-6. Epub 2008
33. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011;34 (Suppl 1): 62-9.
34. NHS/Diabetes
UK,
HbA1c
Standardisation
For
Laboratory
Professionals" . Diabetes UK.
35. Consensus statement on the worldwide standardisation of the HbA1c
measurement. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2042–3
36. Mbanya J. The standardization of glycated haemoglobin: Is it
desirable?. Diabetes Voice. 2005; 50(2): 27-30.
37. Little RR and Sacks DB. HbA1c : how do we measure it and what does
it mean?. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009; 16: 133-118
59
38. Dods R.F, Diabetes Mellitus, In Clinical Chemistry: Theory, Analysis,
Correlation, Eds, Kaplan L.A, Pesce A.J, 3rd Edition, Mosby Inc, USA,
1996:613-640
39. Sacks D.B., Carbohydrates, In Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical
Chemistry, Eds Burtis C.A, Ashwood E.R, 5th Edition, W.B. Saunders
Company, USA, 2001:427-461
40. King, M.E., Glycosylated Hemoglobin, In Method’s in Clinical
Chemistry, Eds Amadeo J, Kaplan L.A., 1987:113-116
41. Peterson K.P., Pavlovich J.G., Goldstein D., et al., What is Hemoglobin
A1c? An Analysis of Glycated Hemoglobins by Electrospray Ioni-zation
Mass Spectrometry, Clinical Chemistry, 44:9, 1998:1951-1958
42. Chandalia HB, Krishnaswamy PR. Glycated Hemoglobin. Current
Science;2002; 83(12): 1522-32.
43. Sakurabayashi I, Watano T, Yonehara S, Ishimaru K, et al. New
Enzymatic Assay for Glycohemoglobin. Clin Chemis. 2003; 49(2): 26974
44. Saudek CD, Herman WH, Sacks DB, Bergenstal RM, Edelman D,
Davidson MB. A new look at screening and diagnosing diabetes
mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93 (7): 2447-2453
45. Bonora E, Tuomilehto J. The pros and cons of diagnosing diabetes
with A1C. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34: S184–S190.
46. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert
Committee. Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes,
60
Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Can J Diabetes 37 (2013). S8S11
47. The expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes
mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes care, volume 25,
supplement 1, january 2002.
48. Suyono S, Sudoyo A, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Setiati S, Simadibrat M, et
al. Diabetes Melitus Indonesia. Jakarta: IPD FKUI; 2007. Hal.1852-7.
49. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 6th ed. Brussels
(Belgium): International Diabetes Federation; 2013
50. Harrison LC, Wentworth JM, Elkassaby S, Fourlanos S and
Greenbaum CJ. Reappraising the Stereotypes of Diabetes. In:
Greenbaum CJ, Harrison LC.ed. Diabetes: Translating Researchinto
Practice Informa Healthcare USA. 2008
51. Laakso M. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes. In: Goldstein BJ, MüllerWieland D.ed. Type 2 Diabetes Principles and Practice.2nd Ed. Informa
Healthcare USA.2008
52. Bennet PH, Knowler WC. Definition, diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis. In Kahn CR, King GL,
Moses AC, Weir GC, Jacobson AM, Smith RJ,ed. Joslins Diabetes
Mellitus.14th ed. (19). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.2006
61
53. Basu S, Sanyal D, Roy K, Bhattacharya KB. Is post-stroke
hyperglycemia a marker of stroke severity and prognosis: A pilot study.
Neurology Asia. 2007; 12 : 13 – 19
54. WHO Consultation. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
Mellitus and its Complications.Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of
Diabetes Mellitus. Report No 99.2. Geneva. WHO. 1999
55. Price SA & Wilson LM. Patofisiologi. Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses
Penyakit jilid 2. EGC. Jakarta. 2006: 1110-19
56. Stumvol IM, Goldstein BJ, Haeften TW. Pathogenesis of Type 2
Diabetes. In: Goldstein BJ, Müller-Wieland D.ed. Type 2 Diabetes
Principles and Practice.2nd Ed. Informa Healthcare USA.2008
57. Guyton, C.A., Hall, J.E. Texbook of Medical Physiology.(9th Ed).
Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company.2007
58. Waspadji, S. Komplikasi Kronik Diabetes: Mekanisme terjadinya,
Diagnosis dan Strategi Pengelolaan. Metabolik Endokrin. Buku Ajar
Penyakit Dalam. Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam,
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta.2006
59. Gilman S. Advances in neurology. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 1671-6.
60. Sjahrir, H., 2003. Stroke Iskemik. Medan: Yandira Agung.
61. Widjaja D. Perkembangan penyelidikan mutakhir faktor risiko stroke.
Kumpulan Makalah Simposium Continuing Medical Education (CME).
The VIth Perdossi Course on Stroke 1999:1-25.
62
62. Madiyono B & Suherman SK. Pencegahan Stroke & Serangan Jantung
Pada Usia Muda. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta. 2003.hal:3-11
63. Japardi, I . Patogenesis Stroke Iskemik Tromboemboli. 2002 digitized
by USU digital library.
Available from ; http://librar y.usu.ac.id/download/fk/bedah.pdf. diakses
20 februari 2014
64. Albers GW, Hart RG, Lutsep HL, Newell DW, Sacco RL. Supplement
to the Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks. A
Statement From the Ad Hoc Committee on Guidelines for the
Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke Council, American
Heart Association. Stroke. 1999;30:2502-2511.
65. National
Stroke
Foundation.
Clinical
Guidelines
for
Stroke
Management 2010. Melbourne Australia.
66. Mardjono M & Sidharta P. Neurologi Klinis Dasar. Penerbit Dian
Rakyat. Jakarta. 2010: 290-91.
67. Wahjoepramono, Eka J. Stroke Tata Laksana Fase Akut. Jakarta:
Universitas Pelita Harapan.2005
68. Silverman IE, Rymer MM. Ischemic stroke. An Atlas of Investigation
and Treatment. Atlas Medical Publishing. USA. 2009
69. Starn J. Trombosis of Cerebral Vein and Sinuses. N Engl J Med. 2005;
352:1791-8
70. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of Thrombus Formation. New England
Journal Medical. 2008;359:938-49
63
71. Hinkle JL, Guanci MMK. Acute Ischemic Stroke Review. J Neurosci
Nurs. 2007; 39:285-293, 310
72. Woodruff TM, Thundyil J, Tang SC, Sobey CG, Taylor SM.
Pathophysiology, treatment, animal and cellular models of human
ischemic stroke. Molecular Neurodegeneration. 2011; 6:11
73. Maas, MB. Safdieh, JE. Ischemic Stroke: Pathophysiology and
Principles of Localization. Neurology Board Review Manual. Neurology.
2009; 13(1): 2-16
74. Loho T. Pemeriksan Laboratorium pada stroke dalam Pendidikan
Berkesinambungan Patologi Klinik, Ed 1, Penerbit FK UI. 2008. p: 5770
75. Browaeys P, Binaghi S, Meuli RA. Multislice computed tomography in
scute stroke. In: Knollmann F, Coakley FV, sditors. Multislice CT:
principles and protocols. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier 2006. p: 1-16
76. Wintemark M, Reichhart M, Cuisenaire O. Comparison of admission
perfusion
computed tomography and qualitative
difussion and
perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke
patients. Stroke. 2002. p: 2025-31
77. Rassmussen D et al. Computed Tomography in Prognostic Stroke
Evaluation. 1992; P: 506-10
78. Shrier DA, Tanaka H, Numaguchi Y, Konno S, Patel U, Shibata D. CT
Angiography in the Evaluation of Acute Stroke. Am J Neuroradiol
18:1011–1020, June 1997.
64
1. Gavin JR, Alberti KGMM, Davidson MB, DeFronzo RA, Drash A,
Gabbe SG. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and
classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24 (Suppl.1):
S5-S20.
2. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL et al. Position statement executive
summary: guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in
the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care.
2011;341419–1423.
3. Truelsen,
T.
Begg,
S.
Mathers,
C.
The
Global
Burden
of
Cerebrovascular Disease. 2000. Burden of Diseases. World Health
Organization. 2000.
4. Mansjoer, A., Suprohaita, S.W., Dkk. 2000,.Stroke. Kapita Selekta
Kedokteran,
Edisi
ketiga
jilid
2,
Media
Aesculapius
Fakultas
Kedokteran UI: Jakarta,17.
5. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 6th ed. Brussels
(Belgium): International Diabetes Federation; 2013
6. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Ford ES, Eberhardt MS, Byrd-Holt DD, Li C, et al.
Full accounting of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the U.S. population in
1988–1994 and 2005–2006. Diabetes Care 2009;32:287–294
55
7. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Konsensus Pengendalian dan
Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe2 di Indonesia 2011, PB. PERKENI.
Jakarta 2011
8. Hinkle, JL. Guanci, MM. Acute Ischemic Stroke Review. J Neurosci
Nurs. 2007; 39 (5): 285-293, 310
9. Maas, MB. Safdieh, JE. Ischemic Stroke: Pathophysiology and
Principles of Localization. Neurology Board Review Manual. Neurology.
2009; 13(1): 2-16
10. Sutrisno, Alfred. Stroke? You Must Know Before you Get It!. Jakarta:
PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2007. Hal: 1-13
11. Departemen Kesehatan. Pusat Data dan Informasi. Profil Kesehatan
Indonesia 2008. Jakarta. Departemen Kesehatan RI 2009
12. Widjaja D. Perkembangan penyelidikan mutakhir faktor risiko stroke.
Kumpulan Makalah Simposium Continuing Medical Education (CME).
The VIth Perdossi Course on Stroke 1999:1-25.
13. Megherbi SE, Milan C, Minier D, et al. Association between diabetes
and stroke subtype on survival and functional outcome 3 months after
stroke: data from the European BIOMED Stroke Project. Stroke
2003;34:688-94.
14. Kissela BM, Khoury J, Kleindorfer D et al. Epidemiology of ischemic
stroke in patients with diabetes: the greater Cincinnati/Northern
Kentucky Stroke Study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:355-9.
56
15. Sander D, Sander K, Poppert H. Review : Stroke in type 2 diabetes.
British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2008: 8: 222
16. Boden-Albala B, Sacco RL, Lee HS et al. Metabolic syndrome and
ischemic stroke risk: Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2008; 39:30-5
17. Ravipati G, Aronow WS, Kumbar S. Patients with diabetes mellitus with
ischemic stroke have a higher hemoglobin A1c level and a higher
serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol level than diabetics without
ischemic stroke. Arch Med Sci 2009; 5, 3: 391-393
18. Warlow CP, Dennis MS, vanGijn J, Hankey GJ, Sandercock PAG,
Bamford JM, et al. Stroke a practical guide to management. Oxford:
Blackwell Science; 1996.
19. Davis SM. New information about managing temperature, blood
pressure and glucose in acute ischemic stroke. Ann Am Neurol 2000;
2: 1-12.
20. Oppenheimer SM, Hoffbrand BI, Oswald GA, Yudkin J. Diabetes
mellitus and early mortality from stroke. Br Med J 1985; 291: 1014-5.
21. Bener, A., Kamran, S., Elouzi, E.B., Hamad, A., Heller, R.F.
Association between stroke and acute myocardial infarction and its
related risk factors: hypertension and diabetes. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg.
2005; 5: 24-7
22. Ikeda F, Doi Y, Ninomiya T,et al. Haemoglobin A1c even within nondiabetic level is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in a general
57
Japanese
population:
the
Hisayama
Study.
Cardiovascular
Diabetology. 2013, 12:164
23. Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hata J, et al. Impact of glucose tolerance status on
development of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease in a
general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. Stroke. 2010,
41:203–209.
24. Shuangxi G, Song T, Bo S. Study of the relationship of glycated
hemoglobin
levels
and
neurological
impairment
and
three
monthsprognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Life Science
Journal, 2012;9(2)
25. Oh HG, Rhee EJ, Kim TW, et al. Higher Glycated Hemoglobin Level Is
Associated with Increased Risk for Ischemic Stroke in Non-Diabetic
Korean Male Adults. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35:551-557
26. Selvin E, Coresh J, Shahar E, et al. Glycaemia (haemoglobinA1c) and
incident ischaemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
(ARIC) Study. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4: 821-6.
27. Zafar A, Shahid SK, Siddiqui M, Khan FS. Pattern of stroke in type 2
diabetic subjects versus non diabetic subjects. J Ayub Med Coll
Abbottabad. 2007;19(4): 64-67
28. Rahbar S, Blumenfeld E, Ranney HM. Studies of an unusual
hemoglobin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun, 1969,36 : 838-843
58
29. Haque KS, Siddiqui MR. Clinical Significance of Glycated Hemoglobin
(HbA1c).AKMMC J. 2013; 4(1): 3-5
30. World Health Organization. Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in
the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Abbreviated Report of a WHO
Consultation. Geneva. WHO. 2011
31. Braatvedt GD, Cundy T, Crooke M, Florkowski C, Mann JI, Lunt H, et
al. Understanding the new HbA1c units for the diagnosis of Type 2
diabetes. N Z Med J 2012;125:70-80.
32. Pani LN, Korenda L, Meigs JB, et al. Effect of aging on A1C levels in
individuals without diabetes: evidence from the Framingham. Diabetes
Care 2008 Oct;31(10):1991-6. Epub 2008
33. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011;34 (Suppl 1): 62-9.
34. NHS/Diabetes
UK,
HbA1c
Standardisation
For
Laboratory
Professionals" . Diabetes UK.
35. Consensus statement on the worldwide standardisation of the HbA1c
measurement. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2042–3
36. Mbanya J. The standardization of glycated haemoglobin: Is it
desirable?. Diabetes Voice. 2005; 50(2): 27-30.
37. Little RR and Sacks DB. HbA1c : how do we measure it and what does
it mean?. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009; 16: 133-118
59
38. Dods R.F, Diabetes Mellitus, In Clinical Chemistry: Theory, Analysis,
Correlation, Eds, Kaplan L.A, Pesce A.J, 3rd Edition, Mosby Inc, USA,
1996:613-640
39. Sacks D.B., Carbohydrates, In Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical
Chemistry, Eds Burtis C.A, Ashwood E.R, 5th Edition, W.B. Saunders
Company, USA, 2001:427-461
40. King, M.E., Glycosylated Hemoglobin, In Method’s in Clinical
Chemistry, Eds Amadeo J, Kaplan L.A., 1987:113-116
41. Peterson K.P., Pavlovich J.G., Goldstein D., et al., What is Hemoglobin
A1c? An Analysis of Glycated Hemoglobins by Electrospray Ioni-zation
Mass Spectrometry, Clinical Chemistry, 44:9, 1998:1951-1958
42. Chandalia HB, Krishnaswamy PR. Glycated Hemoglobin. Current
Science;2002; 83(12): 1522-32.
43. Sakurabayashi I, Watano T, Yonehara S, Ishimaru K, et al. New
Enzymatic Assay for Glycohemoglobin. Clin Chemis. 2003; 49(2): 26974
44. Saudek CD, Herman WH, Sacks DB, Bergenstal RM, Edelman D,
Davidson MB. A new look at screening and diagnosing diabetes
mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93 (7): 2447-2453
45. Bonora E, Tuomilehto J. The pros and cons of diagnosing diabetes
with A1C. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34: S184–S190.
46. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert
Committee. Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes,
60
Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Can J Diabetes 37 (2013). S8S11
47. The expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes
mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes care, volume 25,
supplement 1, january 2002.
48. Suyono S, Sudoyo A, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Setiati S, Simadibrat M, et
al. Diabetes Melitus Indonesia. Jakarta: IPD FKUI; 2007. Hal.1852-7.
49. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 6th ed. Brussels
(Belgium): International Diabetes Federation; 2013
50. Harrison LC, Wentworth JM, Elkassaby S, Fourlanos S and
Greenbaum CJ. Reappraising the Stereotypes of Diabetes. In:
Greenbaum CJ, Harrison LC.ed. Diabetes: Translating Researchinto
Practice Informa Healthcare USA. 2008
51. Laakso M. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes. In: Goldstein BJ, MüllerWieland D.ed. Type 2 Diabetes Principles and Practice.2nd Ed. Informa
Healthcare USA.2008
52. Bennet PH, Knowler WC. Definition, diagnosis and classification of
diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis. In Kahn CR, King GL,
Moses AC, Weir GC, Jacobson AM, Smith RJ,ed. Joslins Diabetes
Mellitus.14th ed. (19). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.2006
61
53. Basu S, Sanyal D, Roy K, Bhattacharya KB. Is post-stroke
hyperglycemia a marker of stroke severity and prognosis: A pilot study.
Neurology Asia. 2007; 12 : 13 – 19
54. WHO Consultation. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
Mellitus and its Complications.Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of
Diabetes Mellitus. Report No 99.2. Geneva. WHO. 1999
55. Price SA & Wilson LM. Patofisiologi. Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses
Penyakit jilid 2. EGC. Jakarta. 2006: 1110-19
56. Stumvol IM, Goldstein BJ, Haeften TW. Pathogenesis of Type 2
Diabetes. In: Goldstein BJ, Müller-Wieland D.ed. Type 2 Diabetes
Principles and Practice.2nd Ed. Informa Healthcare USA.2008
57. Guyton, C.A., Hall, J.E. Texbook of Medical Physiology.(9th Ed).
Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company.2007
58. Waspadji, S. Komplikasi Kronik Diabetes: Mekanisme terjadinya,
Diagnosis dan Strategi Pengelolaan. Metabolik Endokrin. Buku Ajar
Penyakit Dalam. Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam,
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta.2006
59. Gilman S. Advances in neurology. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 1671-6.
60. Sjahrir, H., 2003. Stroke Iskemik. Medan: Yandira Agung.
61. Widjaja D. Perkembangan penyelidikan mutakhir faktor risiko stroke.
Kumpulan Makalah Simposium Continuing Medical Education (CME).
The VIth Perdossi Course on Stroke 1999:1-25.
62
62. Madiyono B & Suherman SK. Pencegahan Stroke & Serangan Jantung
Pada Usia Muda. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta. 2003.hal:3-11
63. Japardi, I . Patogenesis Stroke Iskemik Tromboemboli. 2002 digitized
by USU digital library.
Available from ; http://librar y.usu.ac.id/download/fk/bedah.pdf. diakses
20 februari 2014
64. Albers GW, Hart RG, Lutsep HL, Newell DW, Sacco RL. Supplement
to the Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks. A
Statement From the Ad Hoc Committee on Guidelines for the
Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks, Stroke Council, American
Heart Association. Stroke. 1999;30:2502-2511.
65. National
Stroke
Foundation.
Clinical
Guidelines
for
Stroke
Management 2010. Melbourne Australia.
66. Mardjono M & Sidharta P. Neurologi Klinis Dasar. Penerbit Dian
Rakyat. Jakarta. 2010: 290-91.
67. Wahjoepramono, Eka J. Stroke Tata Laksana Fase Akut. Jakarta:
Universitas Pelita Harapan.2005
68. Silverman IE, Rymer MM. Ischemic stroke. An Atlas of Investigation
and Treatment. Atlas Medical Publishing. USA. 2009
69. Starn J. Trombosis of Cerebral Vein and Sinuses. N Engl J Med. 2005;
352:1791-8
70. Furie B, Furie BC. Mechanisms of Thrombus Formation. New England
Journal Medical. 2008;359:938-49
63
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