THE EXPERIENTIAL MEANING IN BATAK ANGKOLA WEDDING CEREMONY.
THE EXPERIENTIAL MEANING IN BATAK ANGKOLA
WEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
MARINA SARI RAMBE
Registration Number: 8126111021
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Rambe, Sari Marina. The Experiential Meaning in Batak Angkola Wedding
Ceremony. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program.
Postgraduated School. State University of Medan. 2015.
This research deals with the experiential meaning in Batak Angkola wedding
ceremony. The objectives of this researcher were to find out the types of experiential
meaning and described the dominant types of process used in Batak Angkola
wedding ceremony. This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative research.
The data of this study were the utterances of the participant in Batak Angkola
wedding ceremony. The subject of this study were the participant who were join and
deliver the speech in Batak Angkola wedding ceremony. Tape recorder and camera
are used by the researcher as the instrument to collect the data. The data were
analyzed based on Miles and Hubberman (1998), the data were analyzed in data
reduction, data display and drawing conclusion. The findings showed that the part of
experiential meaning shown in every step of Batak Angkola wedding ceremony, the
process, participant and circumstance were in every step of Batak Angkola wedding
ceremony. In every step of Batak Angkola wedding ceremony is mainly dominated
by material process ranging from 33.4 % to 78%, the dominant participant are actor
and goal it was ranging from 33.4% to 77%, and location is the only participant
show in Batak Angkola wedding ceremony it is ranging from 33% to 67%. The part
of experiential meaning are shown in every step of Batak Angkola wedding
ceremony, Material process are the dominant process show in every step of Batak
Angkola wedding ceremony, and it is usually related to the daily activities of Batak
Angkola society.
iii
ABSTRACT
Rambe, Sari Marina. The Experiential Meaning in Batak Angkola Wedding
Ceremony. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program.
Postgraduated School. State University of Medan. 2015.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan makna pengalaman dalam upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola. Tujuan peneliti ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis makna pengalaman dan
menggambarkan proses yang dominan digunakan dalam upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data
penelitian ini adalah ucapan-ucapan dari peserta dalam upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta yang hadir dan menyampaikan pidato
pada upacara pernikahan Batak Angkola. Tape recorder dan kamera yang digunakan
oleh peneliti adalah sebagai instrumen untuk mengumpulkan data. Data dianalisis
berdasarkan Miles dan Hubberman (1998), data dianalisis dalam reduksi data,
display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagian
dari makna experiential yang ditunjukkan dalam setiap langkah upacara pernikahan
Batak Angkola, proses, peserta dan keadaan yang dalam setiap langkah upacara
pernikahan Batak Angkola. Dalam setiap langkah upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola didominasi oleh material proses mulai dari 33,4% menjadi 78%, peserta
yang dominan adalah aktor dan tujuan itu mulai dari 33,4% menjadi 77%, dan lokasi
adalah satu-satunya acara peserta Batak Angkola pernikahan Upacara itu berkisar
antara 33% sampai 67%. Bagian makna pengalaman ditunjukkan dalam setiap
langkah upacara pernikahan Batak Angkola, material proses adalah proses yang
dominan dalam setiap langkah upacara pernikahan Batak Angkola, dan biasanya
berhubungan dengan kegiatan sehari-hari pada masyarakat Batak Angkola
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................
i
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................
v
LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................
viii
LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES..................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ...........................................................................
1
1.2 The Problem of the Study ..........................................................................
5
1.3 The Focus of the Study ..............................................................................
5
1.4 The Objective of the Study ........................................................................
5
1.5 The Significance of the Study....................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Meaning in Grammar .................................................................................
9
2.2 Experiential Meaning.................................................................................
9
2.2.1 Process .............................................................................................
10
2.2.1.1 Material Process ..................................................................
11
2.2.1.2 Mental Process ....................................................................
11
2.2.1.3 Relational Process ...............................................................
11
2.2.1.4 Verbal Process.....................................................................
11
2.2.1.5 Behavioral Process ..............................................................
12
2.2.1.6 Existential Process...............................................................
12
2.3 Participant.........................................................................................
12
2.4 Circumstance ....................................................................................
13
v
2.5 Angkola Culture.........................................................................................
14
2.5.1 Angkola Language...........................................................................
14
2.5.2 Angkola Region ...............................................................................
15
2.5.3 Three Pillars (Dalihan Na Tolu) in Angkola Culture ......................
18
2.5.4 Components of Three Pillars (Dalihan Na Tolu).............................
19
2.5.4.1 Kahanggi................................................................................
19
2.5.4.2 Anak Boru..............................................................................
20
2.5.4.3 Mora.......................................................................................
20
2.5.5 Wedding Ceremony in Angkola Culture .........................................
21
2.5.6 The Introduction of Wedding Ceremony in Angkola Culture .........
22
2.5.6.1 Horja siriaon ..........................................................................
22
2.5.6.2 Tahi Godang ..........................................................................
22
2.5.6.3 Maralok-Alok ........................................................................
23
2.5.6.4 Manortor ................................................................................
23
2.5.6.5 Mambaen Goar ......................................................................
23
2.5.6.6 Mangupa ................................................................................
23
2.6. Related Studies..........................................................................................
26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN
3.1 The Research Design .................................................................................
28
3.2 The Source of Data and Data .....................................................................
28
3.3 The Location of Study ...............................................................................
29
3.4 The Instrument of Collecting Data ............................................................
29
3.5 The Technique of Data Collection.............................................................
29
3.6 The Technique of Data Analysis................................................................
29
vi
3.7 The Trustworthiness of the Study ..............................................................
30
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis...........................................................................................
32
4.2 Process ......................................................................................................
34
4.3 Circumstance..............................................................................................
37
4.4 Findings ....................................................................................................
41
4.5 Discussion.................................................................................................
42
BAB V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................
44
5.2 Suggestion.................................................................................................
44
REFERENCES ................................................................................................
45
APPENDICES .................................................................................................
47
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Types of Process..............................................................................
10
Figure 2 Map of Rantau Prapat Labuhan Batu ..............................................
17
Figure 3 Diagram of Dalihan Na Tolu...........................................................
19
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices A The Data Analysis .................................................................. 47
Appendices A The Transcribed of Batak Angkola Wedding Ceremony ......... 79
Appendices A The Picture of Batak Angkola Wedding Ceremony ................ 117
Appendices A The Interview Transcibed ....................................................... 121
REFERENCES
Bogdan, R. & Niklen,R. 1982. Qualitative Research for Education. Boston: Allan and
Bacon.
Butt, D. et. Al. (2000). Using Functional Grammar: An Explorer’s Guide, Macquarie,
Sydney.
Chinwe.E.R. 2013. Analysis of Experiential Meaning Selected Inaugural Political
Speech in Nigeria. International Journal of Language and Literature and Gender
Studies. Ethopia : Bahir Dar. Vol 2. ISSN.2227-5460
Creswell, John W. 1994. Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approach.
California. Sage Publication
Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London : John
Benjamins.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic. Social Interpretation of
Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold
Harahap, Anwar. 1992. Pengantar Adat. Waqiam: Padang Sidempuan.
Hermansyah. 2014. Experiential Function in Verbal and Non Verbal Modes of WWF
Advertisment. Unpublished Thesis. English Applied Linguistic UNIMED. Medan
Leveridge, Aurbey Neil. 2010. The Relatiionship Between Language and Culture and
the Implications for Language Teaching. http://edition.tefl.net/articles/teachertechnique/language-culture. Accessed on February 20, 2014.
Lock, Graham. 1996. Functional English Grammar : An Introduction for Second
Language teachers. Cambridge. University Press.
Mile, M & Huberman, A. M. Qualitative Data Analysis, Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage
Publishing Company.
Mukhair, Imam. 2011. Process in The Malay Pantun Uttered in Wedding Ceremony.
Unpublished Thesis. English Applied Linguistic UNIMED. Medan
Nalobi, Patuan. D.B. 1989. Pangupa. Repro. UD. MIY. Medan
45
46
Oatey, Helen Spencer. 2008. Culturally Speaking. London: continuum international
Publishing Group.
Post. Michael. 2008. Functional Grammar. United Kingdom. University of
Brimingham.
Rambe.A.M. 2006. Markusip ; Pola Hubungan Muda Mudi Tapanuli Selatan. Medan
Ritonga, Parlaungan. 1997. Makna Simbolik dalam Uapacara Adat Mangupa
Masyarakat Angkola Sipirok di Tapanuli Selatan. USU PRESS: Medan.
Sapir, T. 1921. Language : An Introduction to The Study of Speech. New York :
Hardcourt, Brace and Wold.
Saragih, Amrin. 2006. Functional Grammar. Medan : FBS Unimed.
White, P. R.R. 2000. Functional Grammar. Brimingham : University of Brimingham.
Http://Batakweb.id. Accessed on 19 April 2014
www.googlepicture.experientialmeaning. Accessed on 09 April 2014
www.OPPapers.com. Accessed on 09 April 2014
WEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
MARINA SARI RAMBE
Registration Number: 8126111021
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Rambe, Sari Marina. The Experiential Meaning in Batak Angkola Wedding
Ceremony. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program.
Postgraduated School. State University of Medan. 2015.
This research deals with the experiential meaning in Batak Angkola wedding
ceremony. The objectives of this researcher were to find out the types of experiential
meaning and described the dominant types of process used in Batak Angkola
wedding ceremony. This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative research.
The data of this study were the utterances of the participant in Batak Angkola
wedding ceremony. The subject of this study were the participant who were join and
deliver the speech in Batak Angkola wedding ceremony. Tape recorder and camera
are used by the researcher as the instrument to collect the data. The data were
analyzed based on Miles and Hubberman (1998), the data were analyzed in data
reduction, data display and drawing conclusion. The findings showed that the part of
experiential meaning shown in every step of Batak Angkola wedding ceremony, the
process, participant and circumstance were in every step of Batak Angkola wedding
ceremony. In every step of Batak Angkola wedding ceremony is mainly dominated
by material process ranging from 33.4 % to 78%, the dominant participant are actor
and goal it was ranging from 33.4% to 77%, and location is the only participant
show in Batak Angkola wedding ceremony it is ranging from 33% to 67%. The part
of experiential meaning are shown in every step of Batak Angkola wedding
ceremony, Material process are the dominant process show in every step of Batak
Angkola wedding ceremony, and it is usually related to the daily activities of Batak
Angkola society.
iii
ABSTRACT
Rambe, Sari Marina. The Experiential Meaning in Batak Angkola Wedding
Ceremony. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program.
Postgraduated School. State University of Medan. 2015.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan makna pengalaman dalam upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola. Tujuan peneliti ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis makna pengalaman dan
menggambarkan proses yang dominan digunakan dalam upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data
penelitian ini adalah ucapan-ucapan dari peserta dalam upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta yang hadir dan menyampaikan pidato
pada upacara pernikahan Batak Angkola. Tape recorder dan kamera yang digunakan
oleh peneliti adalah sebagai instrumen untuk mengumpulkan data. Data dianalisis
berdasarkan Miles dan Hubberman (1998), data dianalisis dalam reduksi data,
display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagian
dari makna experiential yang ditunjukkan dalam setiap langkah upacara pernikahan
Batak Angkola, proses, peserta dan keadaan yang dalam setiap langkah upacara
pernikahan Batak Angkola. Dalam setiap langkah upacara pernikahan Batak
Angkola didominasi oleh material proses mulai dari 33,4% menjadi 78%, peserta
yang dominan adalah aktor dan tujuan itu mulai dari 33,4% menjadi 77%, dan lokasi
adalah satu-satunya acara peserta Batak Angkola pernikahan Upacara itu berkisar
antara 33% sampai 67%. Bagian makna pengalaman ditunjukkan dalam setiap
langkah upacara pernikahan Batak Angkola, material proses adalah proses yang
dominan dalam setiap langkah upacara pernikahan Batak Angkola, dan biasanya
berhubungan dengan kegiatan sehari-hari pada masyarakat Batak Angkola
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................
i
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................
v
LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................
viii
LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES..................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ...........................................................................
1
1.2 The Problem of the Study ..........................................................................
5
1.3 The Focus of the Study ..............................................................................
5
1.4 The Objective of the Study ........................................................................
5
1.5 The Significance of the Study....................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Meaning in Grammar .................................................................................
9
2.2 Experiential Meaning.................................................................................
9
2.2.1 Process .............................................................................................
10
2.2.1.1 Material Process ..................................................................
11
2.2.1.2 Mental Process ....................................................................
11
2.2.1.3 Relational Process ...............................................................
11
2.2.1.4 Verbal Process.....................................................................
11
2.2.1.5 Behavioral Process ..............................................................
12
2.2.1.6 Existential Process...............................................................
12
2.3 Participant.........................................................................................
12
2.4 Circumstance ....................................................................................
13
v
2.5 Angkola Culture.........................................................................................
14
2.5.1 Angkola Language...........................................................................
14
2.5.2 Angkola Region ...............................................................................
15
2.5.3 Three Pillars (Dalihan Na Tolu) in Angkola Culture ......................
18
2.5.4 Components of Three Pillars (Dalihan Na Tolu).............................
19
2.5.4.1 Kahanggi................................................................................
19
2.5.4.2 Anak Boru..............................................................................
20
2.5.4.3 Mora.......................................................................................
20
2.5.5 Wedding Ceremony in Angkola Culture .........................................
21
2.5.6 The Introduction of Wedding Ceremony in Angkola Culture .........
22
2.5.6.1 Horja siriaon ..........................................................................
22
2.5.6.2 Tahi Godang ..........................................................................
22
2.5.6.3 Maralok-Alok ........................................................................
23
2.5.6.4 Manortor ................................................................................
23
2.5.6.5 Mambaen Goar ......................................................................
23
2.5.6.6 Mangupa ................................................................................
23
2.6. Related Studies..........................................................................................
26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN
3.1 The Research Design .................................................................................
28
3.2 The Source of Data and Data .....................................................................
28
3.3 The Location of Study ...............................................................................
29
3.4 The Instrument of Collecting Data ............................................................
29
3.5 The Technique of Data Collection.............................................................
29
3.6 The Technique of Data Analysis................................................................
29
vi
3.7 The Trustworthiness of the Study ..............................................................
30
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis...........................................................................................
32
4.2 Process ......................................................................................................
34
4.3 Circumstance..............................................................................................
37
4.4 Findings ....................................................................................................
41
4.5 Discussion.................................................................................................
42
BAB V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................
44
5.2 Suggestion.................................................................................................
44
REFERENCES ................................................................................................
45
APPENDICES .................................................................................................
47
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Types of Process..............................................................................
10
Figure 2 Map of Rantau Prapat Labuhan Batu ..............................................
17
Figure 3 Diagram of Dalihan Na Tolu...........................................................
19
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices A The Data Analysis .................................................................. 47
Appendices A The Transcribed of Batak Angkola Wedding Ceremony ......... 79
Appendices A The Picture of Batak Angkola Wedding Ceremony ................ 117
Appendices A The Interview Transcibed ....................................................... 121
REFERENCES
Bogdan, R. & Niklen,R. 1982. Qualitative Research for Education. Boston: Allan and
Bacon.
Butt, D. et. Al. (2000). Using Functional Grammar: An Explorer’s Guide, Macquarie,
Sydney.
Chinwe.E.R. 2013. Analysis of Experiential Meaning Selected Inaugural Political
Speech in Nigeria. International Journal of Language and Literature and Gender
Studies. Ethopia : Bahir Dar. Vol 2. ISSN.2227-5460
Creswell, John W. 1994. Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approach.
California. Sage Publication
Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London : John
Benjamins.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1978. Language as Social Semiotic. Social Interpretation of
Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold
Harahap, Anwar. 1992. Pengantar Adat. Waqiam: Padang Sidempuan.
Hermansyah. 2014. Experiential Function in Verbal and Non Verbal Modes of WWF
Advertisment. Unpublished Thesis. English Applied Linguistic UNIMED. Medan
Leveridge, Aurbey Neil. 2010. The Relatiionship Between Language and Culture and
the Implications for Language Teaching. http://edition.tefl.net/articles/teachertechnique/language-culture. Accessed on February 20, 2014.
Lock, Graham. 1996. Functional English Grammar : An Introduction for Second
Language teachers. Cambridge. University Press.
Mile, M & Huberman, A. M. Qualitative Data Analysis, Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage
Publishing Company.
Mukhair, Imam. 2011. Process in The Malay Pantun Uttered in Wedding Ceremony.
Unpublished Thesis. English Applied Linguistic UNIMED. Medan
Nalobi, Patuan. D.B. 1989. Pangupa. Repro. UD. MIY. Medan
45
46
Oatey, Helen Spencer. 2008. Culturally Speaking. London: continuum international
Publishing Group.
Post. Michael. 2008. Functional Grammar. United Kingdom. University of
Brimingham.
Rambe.A.M. 2006. Markusip ; Pola Hubungan Muda Mudi Tapanuli Selatan. Medan
Ritonga, Parlaungan. 1997. Makna Simbolik dalam Uapacara Adat Mangupa
Masyarakat Angkola Sipirok di Tapanuli Selatan. USU PRESS: Medan.
Sapir, T. 1921. Language : An Introduction to The Study of Speech. New York :
Hardcourt, Brace and Wold.
Saragih, Amrin. 2006. Functional Grammar. Medan : FBS Unimed.
White, P. R.R. 2000. Functional Grammar. Brimingham : University of Brimingham.
Http://Batakweb.id. Accessed on 19 April 2014
www.googlepicture.experientialmeaning. Accessed on 09 April 2014
www.OPPapers.com. Accessed on 09 April 2014