Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Kloroform Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.)
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI
DARI EKSTRAK METANOL DAN FRAKSI KLOROFORM
DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.)
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak
metanol dan fraksi kloroform daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) familia
Annonaceae terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk simplisia, ekstrak metanol
dan fraksi kloroform. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan
pelarut metanol dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi secara berturut-turut
menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan kloroform. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri
dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram
kertas.
Hasil skrining fitokimia daun sirsak menunjukkan adanya senyawa
alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid, dan saponin. Hasil uji
aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dapat menghambat
pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 150 mg/ml
dengan diameter daerah hambat sebesar 14,1 mm dan bakteri Escherichia coli
pada konsentrasi 250 mg/ml dengan diameter daerah hambat sebesar 14,5 mm.
Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak metanol pada konsentrasi
5 mg/ml, memberikan diameter daerah hambatan sebesar 8,6 mm untuk bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus dan 8,0 mm untuk bakteri Escherichia coli. Fraksi
kloroform memberikan daerah hambat yang kurang baik terhadap pertumbuhan
bakteri Staphylococcus aureusdan Escherichia coli,dimana diameter daerah
hambatan terbesar fraksi kloroform pada konsentrasi 300 mg/ml dengan
diameter daerah hambat berturut-turut sebesar 12,1 mm dan 11,5 mm. KHM
fraksi kloroform pada konsentrasi 50 mg/ml, memberikan diameter daerah
hambatan sebesar 8,8 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan 8,3 mm
untuk bakteri Escherichia coli. Ekstrak metanol lebih efektif menghambat
bakteri dibandingkan dengan fraksi kloroform.
Kata kunci: daun sirsak, antibakteri, Staphylococcusaureusdan Escherichia coli
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL
ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND CHLOROFORM
FRACTION OF SOURSOP LEAVES(Annona muricata L.)
ABSTRACT
The phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity of methanol
extract, chloroform fraction of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.), of the
family of Annonaceae againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
have been carried out.
The phytochemical screening of simplex powder, methanol extract,
chloroform fraction have been carried out. The extraction process by
maceration method using methanol as solvent and then fractionated, first with
n-hexane then chloroform. The antibacterial activities were measured in vitro
by means of agar diffusion method using paperdisk.
The phytochemical screening results of soursop leaves showed the
presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, steroid/triterpenoid and
saponine. The results of antibacterial activities examination showed methanol
extract can inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at concentration
150 mg/ml with inhibitation zone diameter were 14.1 mm and Escherichia coli
at concentration 250 mg/ml with inhibitation zone diameter were 14.5 mm.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract were 5 mg/ml,
with inhibitation diameter were 8.6 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 8.0 mm
for Escherichia coli. The chloroform fraction given less inhibitory against the
growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which the largest
diameter area of chloroform fraction at concentration 300 mg/ml with
inhibitation diameter were consecutively as follows 12.1 mm dan 11.5 mm.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chloroform fraction were
50 mg/ml, with inhibitation diameter were 8.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus
and 8.3 mm for Escherichia coli. The methanol extract has more effective to
inhibited bacterial than chloroform fraction.
Key words: soursop leaves, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DARI EKSTRAK METANOL DAN FRAKSI KLOROFORM
DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.)
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak
metanol dan fraksi kloroform daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) familia
Annonaceae terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk simplisia, ekstrak metanol
dan fraksi kloroform. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan
pelarut metanol dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi secara berturut-turut
menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan kloroform. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri
dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram
kertas.
Hasil skrining fitokimia daun sirsak menunjukkan adanya senyawa
alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid, dan saponin. Hasil uji
aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dapat menghambat
pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 150 mg/ml
dengan diameter daerah hambat sebesar 14,1 mm dan bakteri Escherichia coli
pada konsentrasi 250 mg/ml dengan diameter daerah hambat sebesar 14,5 mm.
Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak metanol pada konsentrasi
5 mg/ml, memberikan diameter daerah hambatan sebesar 8,6 mm untuk bakteri
Staphylococcus aureus dan 8,0 mm untuk bakteri Escherichia coli. Fraksi
kloroform memberikan daerah hambat yang kurang baik terhadap pertumbuhan
bakteri Staphylococcus aureusdan Escherichia coli,dimana diameter daerah
hambatan terbesar fraksi kloroform pada konsentrasi 300 mg/ml dengan
diameter daerah hambat berturut-turut sebesar 12,1 mm dan 11,5 mm. KHM
fraksi kloroform pada konsentrasi 50 mg/ml, memberikan diameter daerah
hambatan sebesar 8,8 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan 8,3 mm
untuk bakteri Escherichia coli. Ekstrak metanol lebih efektif menghambat
bakteri dibandingkan dengan fraksi kloroform.
Kata kunci: daun sirsak, antibakteri, Staphylococcusaureusdan Escherichia coli
Universitas Sumatera Utara
THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL
ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND CHLOROFORM
FRACTION OF SOURSOP LEAVES(Annona muricata L.)
ABSTRACT
The phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity of methanol
extract, chloroform fraction of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.), of the
family of Annonaceae againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
have been carried out.
The phytochemical screening of simplex powder, methanol extract,
chloroform fraction have been carried out. The extraction process by
maceration method using methanol as solvent and then fractionated, first with
n-hexane then chloroform. The antibacterial activities were measured in vitro
by means of agar diffusion method using paperdisk.
The phytochemical screening results of soursop leaves showed the
presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, steroid/triterpenoid and
saponine. The results of antibacterial activities examination showed methanol
extract can inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at concentration
150 mg/ml with inhibitation zone diameter were 14.1 mm and Escherichia coli
at concentration 250 mg/ml with inhibitation zone diameter were 14.5 mm.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract were 5 mg/ml,
with inhibitation diameter were 8.6 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 8.0 mm
for Escherichia coli. The chloroform fraction given less inhibitory against the
growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which the largest
diameter area of chloroform fraction at concentration 300 mg/ml with
inhibitation diameter were consecutively as follows 12.1 mm dan 11.5 mm.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chloroform fraction were
50 mg/ml, with inhibitation diameter were 8.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus
and 8.3 mm for Escherichia coli. The methanol extract has more effective to
inhibited bacterial than chloroform fraction.
Key words: soursop leaves, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli
Universitas Sumatera Utara