Analisa Volume, pH dan Kadar Ion Kalsium Saliva Yang Distimulasi Pada Pecandu Ganja di Pusat Rehabilitasi Insyaf Medan Tahun 2014
Lampiran 1
Skema Alur Pikir
1. Ganja adalah tanaman Cannabis sativa yang diolah dengan cara mengeringkan
dan mengompres bagian tangkai, daun, biji, dan bunganya yang mengandung
banyak resin serta (Iversen LL., 2000)
2. Ganja dikonsumsi oleh 75% pecandu narkotika di dunia dan 96% dari pecandu
ganja mengonsumsi ganja dengan cara dihisap atau dihirup. (Iversen LL., 2000;
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012)
3. Ganja mengandung lebih dari 60 substansi bahan kimia aktif yaitu cannabinoid,
cannaboid utama yang memiliki sifat psikoaktif adalah Delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). (Ashton CH., 2001)
4. Ganja mempengaruhi sistem tubuh manusia melalui ikatan THC dengan reseptor
cannabinoid. (Cho CM., dkk, 2005)
5. Ganja yang dikonsumsi lebih dari 25 mg akan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan,
yaitu mempengaruhi struktur dan fungsi otak, sistem kardiovaskular, sistem
pernafasan, serta sistem reproduksi. (Earleywine M., 2002)
6. Masalah-masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang biasa ditemukan pada pecandu
ganja adalah karies, penyakit periodontal, candidiasis, serta perubahan pada sel
epitel rongga mulut. (Cho CM., dkk 2008)
7. Reseptor cannabinoid ditemukan pada kelenjar saliva submandibula mamalia,
yaitu pada sistem saluran kelenjar saliva (ductal system) dan pada sel asini.
(Prestifilipo, dkk, 2006)
8. Saliva merupakan cairan yang disekresikan oleh kelenjar saliva yang memiliki
fungsi penting dalam rongga mulut. Volume saliva yang adekuat dapat berfungsi
sebagai proteksi dan lubrikasi mukosa, serta sebagai antimikroba. pH saliva
penting dalam menjaga integritas gigi karena mempengaruhi proses demineralisasi
hidroksiapatit. Ion kalsium merupakan buffer yang paling efisien dalam menjaga
keseimbangan cairan tubuh dan berguna dalam proses remineralisasi dan
mencegah larutnya enamel gigi. (Almeida PV., dkk, 2008; Al – Zahawi SM, dkk,
2007)
9. Konsumsi ganja dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada sekresi saliva. (Borgnakke
WS., dkk, 2011)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
10. Ganja memiliki efek parasimpatolitik sehingga terjadi xerostomia pada pecandu
ganja (Veitz-Keenan, Ferraiolo, 2008)
11. 84% dari pecandu ganja mengalami mulut kering dan 91% merasa haus setelah
mengonsumsi ganja yang menandakan terjadi hiposalivasi pada pecandu ganja.
(Katterbach, dkk, 2009)
12. Dalam penelitian in vivo pada tikus didapatkan THC dapat menginhibisi sekresi
saliva. (Prestifilipo, dkk, 2006)
13. Merokok ganja dapat mereduksi oksigen rongga mulut, meningkatkan koloni
bakteri anaerob, dan meningkatkan keasaman rongga mulut sehingga
mempengaruhi pH saliva. (Hurlbutt M., dkk, 2010)
14. Asap pembakaran rokok atau ganja yang terdiri dari karbondioksida menurunkan
pH saliva dengan cara berikatan dengan kandungan air pada saliva, mengeluarkan
ion hidrogen dan membentuk asam. (Tortora GJ., Derrickson B., 2006)
CO2+H2O
H2CO3
H++HCO3-
15. Hidroksiapatit pada gigi akan larut dalam saliva apabila berkontak dengan cairan
ataupun saliva yang bersifat asam. (Dawes C., 2003; Khan GJ., dkk, 2005)
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Solid
10Ca2+ + 6PO43– + 2OH–
Solution
16. Pada penelitian in vitro terhadap tikus, didapatkan konsentrasi kalsium meningkat
secara signifikan (p 10
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
dimension1
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Tests of Normalityb
lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
volume saliva yang
distimulasi
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
0-4
,158
17
5-7
,232
4 .
8-10
,219
4 .
Statistic
,200*
df
Sig.
,909
17
,097
,926
4
,574
,978
4
,890
,874
5
,285
dimension1
>10
,234
5
*
,200
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. There are no valid cases for volume saliva yang distimulasi when lamanya mengonsumsi ganja = 5,000. Statistics cannot be computed
for this level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
volume saliva yang distimulasi
dimension1
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
1-4
12
100,0%
0
,0%
12
100,0%
5-8
8
100,0%
0
,0%
8
100,0%
9-12
3
100,0%
0
,0%
3
100,0%
13-16
2
100,0%
0
,0%
2
100,0%
>16
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
Tests of Normality
frekuensi mengonsumsi
ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
volume saliva yang
1-4
,136
12
,200*
,949
12
,620
distimulasi
5-8
,149
8
,200*
,953
8
,736
9-12
,354
3 .
,820
3
,164
13-16
,260
2 .
>16
,308
5
,858
5
,220
dimension1
,136
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
lamanya berhenti mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya berhenti
Cases
mengonsumsi ganja
Valid
N
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
21
100,0%
0
,0%
21
100,0%
5-9
9
100,0%
0
,0%
9
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya berhenti
mengonsumsi ganja
volume saliva yang distimulasi
0-4
Statistic
,153
df
Sig.
,212
Statistic
df
Sig.
21
,200*
,920
21
,085
9
*
,912
9
,333
dimension1
5-9
Shapiro-Wilk
,200
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Uji normalitas pH
Explore
Case Processing Summary
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
17
100,0%
0
,0%
17
100,0%
5-7
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
8-10
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
>10
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
0-4
Tests of Normalityb
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
pH saliva yang distimulasi
df
Sig.
0-4
,152
5-7
,192
4 .
8-10
,208
4 .
>10
,263
Shapiro-Wilk
17
5
Statistic
,200*
*
,200
df
Sig.
,909
17
,097
,971
4
,850
,950
4
,714
,900
5
,410
dimension1
pH saliva yang distimulasi
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. There are no valid cases for pH saliva yang distimulasi when lamanya mengonsumsi ganja = 5,000. Statistics cannot be computed for this level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Tests of Normality
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
pH saliva yang distimulasi
1-4
dimension1
,190
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
12
5-8
,176
8
9-12
,191
3 .
13-16
,260
2 .
>16
,215
5
Statistic
df
Sig.
*
,857
12
,055
*
,879
8
,183
,997
3
,900
,901
5
,415
,200
,200
,200*
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
lamanya berhenti mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya berhenti
Cases
mengonsumsi ganja
Valid
N
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
21
100,0%
0
,0%
21
100,0%
5-9
9
100,0%
0
,0%
9
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya berhenti
mengonsumsi ganja
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
0-4
,159
21
,175
,903
21
,051
5-9
,250
9
,112
,858
9
,092
dimension1
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Uji normalitas ion
Explore
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
17
100,0%
0
,0%
17
100,0%
5-7
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
8-10
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
>10
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normalityb
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Statistic
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
df
0-4
,131
5-7
,186
8-10
>10
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
17
Statistic
*
,200
df
Sig.
,924
17
,172
4 .
,984
4
,927
,415
4 .
,675
4
,056
,262
5
,932
5
,610
dimension1
,200*
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. There are no valid cases for kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi when lamanya mengonsumsi ganja = 5,000. Statistics cannot be computed
for this level.
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
1-4
12
100,0%
0
,0%
12
100,0%
5-8
8
100,0%
0
,0%
8
100,0%
dimension1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
9-12
3
100,0%
0
,0%
3
100,0%
13-16
2
100,0%
0
,0%
2
100,0%
>16
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Statistic
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
1-4
distimulasi
dimension1
Shapiro-Wilk
df
,248
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
12
,040
,872
12
,069
*
,835
8
,067
,909
3
,414
,910
5
,466
5-8
,234
8
,200
9-12
,303
3 .
13-16
,260
2 .
>16
,265
5
,200*
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
lamanya berhenti mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya berhenti
Cases
mengonsumsi ganja
Valid
N
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
21
100,0%
0
,0%
21
100,0%
5-9
9
100,0%
0
,0%
9
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya berhenti
mengonsumsi ganja
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
*
df
Sig.
0-4
,116
21
,200
,942
21
,240
5-9
,266
9
,065
,830
9
,055
dimension1
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Volume-pecandu-kontrol
T-Test
Group Statistics
Kelompok
volume saliva yang distimulasi
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pecandu ganja
30
7,7623
3,16361
,57759
Kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence Interv
F
volume saliva yang
Equal variances
distimulasi
assumed
Sig.
1,013
Equal variances not
t
,321
df
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
of the Difference
Lower
Upper
-2,185
38
,035
-2,38767
1,09271
-4,59973
-,1756
-2,531
20,723
,020
-2,38767
,94324
-4,35084
-,4244
assumed
Volume-Frekuensi
Oneway
Descriptives
volume saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
1-4
12
9,7417
3,34637
,96601
7,6155
11,8679
5,56
16,66
5-8
8
7,5825
2,11925
,74927
5,8108
9,3542
4,37
10,43
9-12
3
7,4300
2,92057
1,68619
,1749
14,6851
5,50
10,79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13-16
2
5,2650
,75660
,53500
-1,5328
12,0628
4,73
5,80
>16
5
4,4980
1,07667
,48150
3,1611
5,8349
2,69
5,48
kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
8,4631
11,8369
7,39
14,00
Total
40
8,3593
3,13397
,49552
7,3570
9,3615
2,69
16,66
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Between Groups
156,113
5
31,223
Within Groups
226,936
34
6,675
Total
383,049
39
Sig.
4,678
,002
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) frekuensi mengonsumsi (J) frekuensi
ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
1-4
dimension3
5-8
dimension3
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1,17921
,076
-,2373
4,5556
9-12
2,31167
1,66766
,175
-1,0774
5,7008
13-16
*
4,47667
1,97320
,030
,4666
8,4867
>16
5,24367*
1,37518
,001
2,4490
8,0384
-,40833
1,10620
,714
-2,6564
1,8397
-2,15917
1,17921
,076
-4,5556
,2373
9-12
,15250
1,74905
,931
-3,4020
3,7070
13-16
2,31750
2,04245
,264
-1,8333
6,4683
*
3,08450
1,47283
,044
,0913
6,0777
kontrol
-2,56750*
1,22547
,044
-5,0580
-,0770
1-4
-2,31167
1,66766
,175
-5,7008
1,0774
5-8
-,15250
1,74905
,931
-3,7070
3,4020
13-16
2,16500
2,35842
,365
-2,6279
6,9579
>16
2,93200
1,88674
,129
-,9023
6,7663
-2,72000
1,70068
,119
-6,1762
,7362
>16
9-12
Std. Error
2,15917
1-4
dimension3
(I-J)
5-8
kontrol
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
kontrol
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13-16
dimension3
1-4
-4,47667*
1,97320
,030
-8,4867
-,4666
5-8
-2,31750
2,04245
,264
-6,4683
1,8333
9-12
-2,16500
2,35842
,365
-6,9579
2,6279
>16
,76700
2,16153
,725
-3,6258
5,1598
-4,88500*
2,00119
,020
-8,9519
-,8181
1-4
*
-5,24367
1,37518
,001
-8,0384
-2,4490
5-8
-3,08450*
1,47283
,044
-6,0777
-,0913
9-12
-2,93200
1,88674
,129
-6,7663
,9023
13-16
-,76700
2,16153
,725
-5,1598
3,6258
*
-5,65200
1,41505
,000
-8,5277
-2,7763
1-4
,40833
1,10620
,714
-1,8397
2,6564
5-8
*
2,56750
1,22547
,044
,0770
5,0580
9-12
2,72000*
1,70068
,049
-,7362
6,1762
13-16
*
4,88500
2,00119
,020
,8181
8,9519
>16
5,65200*
1,41505
,000
2,7763
8,5277
kontrol
>16
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Volume-durasi
Oneway
Descriptives
volume saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
17
8,8476
3,31687
,80446
7,1423
10,5530
5,10
16,66
5-7
4
8,2650
2,80928
1,40464
3,7948
12,7352
4,52
10,79
8-10
4
6,6450
1,62582
,81291
4,0580
9,2320
4,73
8,69
>10
5
4,5640
1,16577
,52135
3,1165
6,0115
2,69
5,56
kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
8,4631
11,8369
7,39
14,00
Total
40
8,3593
3,13397
,49552
7,3570
9,3615
2,69
16,66
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
119,933
4
29,983
Within Groups
263,116
35
7,518
F
3,988
Sig.
,009
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
119,933
4
29,983
Within Groups
263,116
35
7,518
Total
383,049
39
F
3,988
Sig.
,009
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya mengonsumsi
(J) lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
ganja
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
(I-J)
0-4
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
,58265
1,52368
,704
-2,5106
3,6759
8-10
2,20265
1,52368
,157
-,8906
5,2959
>10
4,28365*
1,39490
,004
1,4519
7,1154
kontrol
-1,30235
1,09269
,241
-3,5206
,9159
0-4
-,58265
1,52368
,704
-3,6759
2,5106
8-10
1,62000
1,93876
,409
-2,3159
5,5559
>10
3,70100
1,83927
,052
-,0329
7,4349
kontrol
-1,88500
1,62209
,253
-5,1780
1,4080
0-4
-2,20265
1,52368
,157
-5,2959
,8906
5-7
-1,62000
1,93876
,409
-5,5559
2,3159
>10
2,08100
1,83927
,266
-1,6529
5,8149
kontrol
*
-3,50500
1,62209
,038
-6,7980
-,2120
0-4
-4,28365*
1,39490
,004
-7,1154
-1,4519
5-7
-3,70100
1,83927
,052
-7,4349
,0329
8-10
-2,08100
1,83927
,266
-5,8149
1,6529
*
-5,58600
1,50176
,001
-8,6347
-2,5373
0-4
1,30235
1,09269
,241
-,9159
3,5206
5-7
1,88500
1,62209
,253
-1,4080
5,1780
8-10
3,50500*
1,62209
,038
,2120
6,7980
*
1,50176
,001
2,5373
8,6347
dimension3
5-7
Std. Error
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
>10
5,58600
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya mengonsumsi
(J) lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
ganja
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
(I-J)
0-4
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
,58265
1,52368
,704
-2,5106
3,6759
8-10
2,20265
1,52368
,157
-,8906
5,2959
>10
4,28365*
1,39490
,004
1,4519
7,1154
kontrol
-1,30235
1,09269
,241
-3,5206
,9159
0-4
-,58265
1,52368
,704
-3,6759
2,5106
8-10
1,62000
1,93876
,409
-2,3159
5,5559
>10
3,70100
1,83927
,052
-,0329
7,4349
kontrol
-1,88500
1,62209
,253
-5,1780
1,4080
0-4
-2,20265
1,52368
,157
-5,2959
,8906
5-7
-1,62000
1,93876
,409
-5,5559
2,3159
>10
2,08100
1,83927
,266
-1,6529
5,8149
kontrol
*
-3,50500
1,62209
,038
-6,7980
-,2120
0-4
-4,28365*
1,39490
,004
-7,1154
-1,4519
5-7
-3,70100
1,83927
,052
-7,4349
,0329
8-10
-2,08100
1,83927
,266
-5,8149
1,6529
*
-5,58600
1,50176
,001
-8,6347
-2,5373
0-4
1,30235
1,09269
,241
-,9159
3,5206
5-7
1,88500
1,62209
,253
-1,4080
5,1780
8-10
3,50500*
1,62209
,038
,2120
6,7980
*
1,50176
,001
2,5373
8,6347
dimension3
5-7
Std. Error
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
>10
5,58600
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Volume-lamanya berhenti
Oneway
Descriptives
volume saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
21
7,6457
3,14298
,68585
6,2150
9,0764
2,69
16,66
5-9
9
8,0344
3,38610
1,12870
5,4317
10,6372
4,37
13,86
kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
8,4631
11,8369
7,39
14,00
Total
40
8,3593
3,13397
,49552
7,3570
9,3615
2,69
16,66
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
43,709
2
21,855
Within Groups
339,340
37
9,171
Total
383,049
39
F
2,383
Sig.
,106
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya berhenti
(J) lamanya berhenti
Mean Difference
mengonsumsi ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
(I-J)
0-4
5-9
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1,20655
,749
-2,8334
2,0560
-2,50429*
1,16356
,038
-4,8619
-,1467
,38873
1,20655
,749
-2,0560
2,8334
-2,11556
1,39146
,137
-4,9349
,7038
0-4
*
2,50429
1,16356
,038
,1467
4,8619
5-9
2,11556
1,39146
,137
-,7038
4,9349
kontrol
5-9
Std. Error
-,38873
dimension3
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
0-4
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
pH-pecandu-kontrol
T-Test
Group Statistics
Kelompok
pH saliva yang distimulasi
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pecandu ganja
30
7,400
,3107
,0567
Kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality
of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confide
F
pH saliva yang
Equal variances
distimulasi
assumed
Sig.
,314
t
,579
Equal variances not
df
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
the Di
Lower
-1,204
38
,236
-,1300
,1079
-,3485
-1,370
19,882
,186
-,1300
,0949
-,3280
assumed
pH-frekuensi
Oneway
Descriptives
pH saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
1-4
12
7,442
,2746
,0793
7,267
7,616
6,8
7,7
5-8
8
7,462
,3114
,1101
7,202
7,723
6,8
7,8
9-12
3
7,233
,5508
,3180
5,865
8,601
6,7
7,8
13-16
2
7,350
,0707
,0500
6,715
7,985
7,3
7,4
>16
5
7,320
,3564
,1594
6,878
7,762
6,9
7,7
kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
7,358
7,702
7,1
7,8
Total
40
7,433
,2973
,0470
7,337
7,528
6,7
7,8
ANOVA
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,299
5
,060
Within Groups
3,149
34
,093
Total
3,448
39
F
Sig.
,646
,666
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
pH saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) frekuensi mengonsumsi (J) frekuensi
ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
1-4
dimension3
5-8
dimension3
9-12
dimension3
13-16
dimension3
>16
dimension3
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-8
-,0208
,1389
,882
-,303
,261
9-12
,2083
,1964
,296
-,191
,608
13-16
,0917
,2324
,696
-,381
,564
>16
,1217
,1620
,458
-,208
,451
-,0883
,1303
,502
-,353
,176
1-4
,0208
,1389
,882
-,261
,303
9-12
,2292
,2060
,274
-,190
,648
13-16
,1125
,2406
,643
-,376
,601
>16
,1425
,1735
,417
-,210
,495
kontrol
-,0675
,1443
,643
-,361
,226
1-4
-,2083
,1964
,296
-,608
,191
5-8
-,2292
,2060
,274
-,648
,190
13-16
-,1167
,2778
,677
-,681
,448
>16
-,0867
,2222
,699
-,538
,365
kontrol
-,2967
,2003
,148
-,704
,110
1-4
-,0917
,2324
,696
-,564
,381
5-8
-,1125
,2406
,643
-,601
,376
9-12
,1167
,2778
,677
-,448
,681
>16
,0300
,2546
,907
-,487
,547
kontrol
-,1800
,2357
,450
-,659
,299
1-4
-,1217
,1620
,458
-,451
,208
5-8
-,1425
,1735
,417
-,495
,210
9-12
,0867
,2222
,699
-,365
,538
13-16
-,0300
,2546
,907
-,547
,487
kontrol
-,2100
,1667
,216
-,549
,129
kontrol
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
kontrol
dimension3
1-4
,0883
,1303
,502
-,176
,353
5-8
,0675
,1443
,643
-,226
,361
9-12
,2967
,2003
,148
-,110
,704
13-16
,1800
,2357
,450
-,299
,659
>16
,2100
,1667
,216
-,129
,549
Universitas Sumatera Utara
pH-durasi
Oneway
Descriptives
pH saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
17
7,353
,2939
,0713
7,202
7,504
6,8
7,7
5-7
4
7,625
,1708
,0854
7,353
7,897
7,4
7,8
8-10
4
7,500
,1826
,0913
7,209
7,791
7,3
7,7
>10
5
7,300
,4743
,2121
6,711
7,889
6,7
7,8
kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
7,358
7,702
7,1
7,8
Total
40
7,433
,2973
,0470
7,337
7,528
6,7
7,8
ANOVA
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,457
4
,114
Within Groups
2,991
35
,085
Total
3,448
39
F
1,337
Sig.
,276
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
pH saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya mengonsumsi
(J) lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
ganja
(I-J)
0-4
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
-,2721
,1624
,103
-,602
,058
8-10
-,1471
,1624
,372
-,477
,183
>10
,0529
,1487
,724
-,249
,355
-,1771
,1165
,138
-,414
,059
0-4
,2721
,1624
,103
-,058
,602
8-10
,1250
,2067
,549
-,295
,545
>10
,3250
,1961
,106
-,073
,723
kontrol
,0950
,1729
,586
-,256
,446
0-4
,1471
,1624
,372
-,183
,477
5-7
-,1250
,2067
,549
-,545
,295
>10
,2000
,1961
,315
-,198
,598
kontrol
-,0300
,1729
,863
-,381
,321
0-4
-,0529
,1487
,724
-,355
,249
5-7
-,3250
,1961
,106
-,723
,073
8-10
-,2000
,1961
,315
-,598
,198
kontrol
-,2300
,1601
,160
-,555
,095
0-4
,1771
,1165
,138
-,059
,414
5-7
-,0950
,1729
,586
-,446
,256
8-10
,0300
,1729
,863
-,321
,381
>10
,2300
,1601
,160
-,095
,555
dimension3
kontrol
5-7
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
kontrol
dimension3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
pH-lamanya berhenti
Oneway
Descriptives
pH saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
0-4
5-9
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
21
7,390
,3161
,0690
7,247
7,534
6,8
7,8
9
7,422
,3153
,1051
7,180
7,665
6,7
7,8
kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
7,358
7,702
7,1
7,8
Total
40
7,433
,2973
,0470
7,337
7,528
6,7
7,8
ANOVA
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,133
2
,067
Within Groups
3,315
37
,090
Total
3,448
39
F
Sig.
,743
,483
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
pH saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya berhenti
(J) lamanya berhenti
Mean Difference
mengonsumsi ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
(I-J)
0-4
95% Confidence Interval
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-9
-,0317
,1192
,792
-,273
,210
kontrol
-,1395
,1150
,233
-,373
,093
,0317
,1192
,792
-,210
,273
-,1078
,1375
,438
-,386
,171
0-4
,1395
,1150
,233
-,093
,373
5-9
,1078
,1375
,438
-,171
,386
dimension3
5-9
dimension2
0-4
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
Ion kalsium-pecandu-kontrol
T-Test
Group Statistics
Kelompok
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
Pecandu ganja
30
,99387
,261284
,047704
distimulasi
Kontrol
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
F
kadar ion kalsium
Equal variances
saliva yang
assumed
distimulasi
Equal variances not
Sig.
,171
t
,682
df
-3,368
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
Difference
Lower
Upper
38
,002
-,309133
,091797
-,494967
-,123300
-3,705 18,507
,002
-,309133
,083441
-,484093
-,134174
assumed
Ion kalsium-frekuensi
Oneway
Descriptives
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
1-4
12
,97583
,212280
,061280
,84096
1,11071
,550
1,250
5-8
8
1,16075
,326433
,115412
,88784
1,43366
,860
1,720
9-12
3
1,11333
,162583
,093868
,70945
1,51721
,930
1,240
13-16
2
,88500
,007071
,005000
,82147
,94853
,880
,890
>16
5
,74200
,136821
,061188
,57211
,91189
,520
,880
kontrol
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
1,14813
1,45787
1,040
1,780
Total
40
1,07115
,282768
,044709
,98072
1,16158
,520
1,780
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
1,327
5
,265
Within Groups
1,791
34
,053
F
5,038
Sig.
,001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
1,327
5
,265
Within Groups
1,791
34
,053
Total
3,118
39
F
5,038
Sig.
,001
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) frekuensi mengonsumsi (J) frekuensi
ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
1-4
dimension3
5-8
dimension3
9-12
dimension3
13-16
dimension3
>16
dimension3
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-8
-,184917
,104764
,087
-,39782
,02799
9-12
-,137500
,148159
,360
-,43860
,16360
13-16
,090833
,175304
,608
-,26543
,44709
>16
,233833
,122175
,064
-,01446
,48212
*
-,327167
,098278
,002
-,52689
-,12744
1-4
,184917
,104764
,087
-,02799
,39782
9-12
,047417
,155391
,762
-,26837
,36321
13-16
,275750
,181457
,138
-,09302
,64452
>16
*
,418750
,130851
,003
,15283
,68467
kontrol
-,142250
,108874
,200
-,36351
,07901
1-4
,137500
,148159
,360
-,16360
,43860
5-8
-,047417
,155391
,762
-,36321
,26837
13-16
,228333
,209529
,283
-,19748
,65415
>16
,371333*
,167623
,034
,03068
,71198
kontrol
-,189667
,151093
,218
-,49672
,11739
1-4
-,090833
,175304
,608
-,44709
,26543
5-8
-,275750
,181457
,138
-,64452
,09302
9-12
-,228333
,209529
,283
-,65415
,19748
>16
,143000
,192036
,462
-,24726
,53326
kontrol
-,418000*
,177791
,025
-,77931
-,05669
1-4
-,233833
,122175
,064
-,48212
,01446
kontrol
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
-,418750*
,130851
,003
-,68467
-,15283
9-12
*
-,371333
,167623
,034
-,71198
-,03068
13-16
-,143000
,192036
,462
-,53326
,24726
*
-,561000
,125717
,000
-,81649
-,30551
1-4
,327167*
,098278
,002
,12744
,52689
5-8
*
,142250
,108874
,020
-,07901
,36351
9-12
,189667*
,151093
,018
-,11739
,49672
13-16
*
,418000
,177791
,025
,05669
,77931
>16
,561000*
,125717
,000
,30551
,81649
5-8
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ion kalsium-durasi
Oneway
Descriptives
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
17
,98867
,197070
,046450
,89067
1,08667
,550
1,250
5-7
4
,92000
,226053
,130512
,35845
1,48155
,730
1,170
8-10
4
1,11250
,105576
,202788
,46714
1,75786
,890
1,720
>10
5
,96200
,401771
,179677
,46314
1,46086
,520
1,600
KONTROL
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
1,14813
1,45787
1,040
1,780
Total
40
1,07115
,282768
,044709
,98072
1,16158
,520
1,780
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,795
4
,199
Within Groups
2,323
35
,066
Total
3,118
39
F
2,994
Sig.
,032
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) durasi mengonsumsi ganja
(J) durasi mengonsumsi ganja
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
(I-J)
0-4
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
,068667
,160672
,672
-,25751
,39485
8-10
-,123833
,142420
,391
-,41296
,16530
>10
,026667
,130248
,839
-,23775
,29108
KONTROL
-,314333*
,101618
,004
-,52063
-,10804
0-4
-,068667
,160672
,672
-,39485
,25751
8-10
-,192500
,196782
,335
-,59199
,20699
>10
-,042000
,188160
,825
-,42398
,33998
KONTROL
-,383000*
,169605
,030
-,72732
-,03868
0-4
,123833
,142420
,391
-,16530
,41296
5-7
,192500
,196782
,335
-,20699
,59199
>10
,150500
,172836
,390
-,20037
,50137
KONTROL
-,190500
,152427
,220
-,49994
,11894
0-4
-,026667
,130248
,839
-,29108
,23775
5-7
,042000
,188160
,825
-,33998
,42398
8-10
-,150500
,172836
,390
-,50137
,20037
KONTROL
-,341000*
,141120
,021
-,62749
-,05451
0-4
*
,314333
,101618
,004
,10804
,52063
5-7
,383000*
,169605
,030
,03868
,72732
8-10
*
,190500
,152427
,032
-,11894
,49994
>10
,341000*
,141120
,021
,05451
,62749
dimension3
5-7
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
KONTROL
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ion kalsium-lamanya berhenti
Oneway
Descriptives
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
21
,95790
,271157
,059171
,83448
1,08133
,520
1,720
5-9
9
1,07778
,228789
,076263
,90191
1,25364
,860
1,600
kontrol
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
1,14813
1,45787
1,040
1,780
Total
40
1,07115
,282768
,044709
,98072
1,16158
,520
1,780
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,807
2
,404
Within Groups
2,311
37
,062
Total
3,118
39
F
6,462
Sig.
,004
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya berhenti
(J) lamanya berhenti
Mean Difference
mengonsumsi ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
(I-J)
0-4
5-9
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
,099572
,236
-,32163
,08188
*
-,345095
,096024
,001
-,53966
-,15053
,119873
,099572
,236
-,08188
,32163
kontrol
-,225222
,114832
,057
-,45789
,00745
0-4
,345095*
,096024
,001
,15053
,53966
5-9
*
,114832
,047
-,00745
,45789
kontrol
5-9
Std. Error
-,119873
dimension3
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
0-4
dimension3
kontrol
dimension3
,225222
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Skema Alur Pikir
1. Ganja adalah tanaman Cannabis sativa yang diolah dengan cara mengeringkan
dan mengompres bagian tangkai, daun, biji, dan bunganya yang mengandung
banyak resin serta (Iversen LL., 2000)
2. Ganja dikonsumsi oleh 75% pecandu narkotika di dunia dan 96% dari pecandu
ganja mengonsumsi ganja dengan cara dihisap atau dihirup. (Iversen LL., 2000;
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012)
3. Ganja mengandung lebih dari 60 substansi bahan kimia aktif yaitu cannabinoid,
cannaboid utama yang memiliki sifat psikoaktif adalah Delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). (Ashton CH., 2001)
4. Ganja mempengaruhi sistem tubuh manusia melalui ikatan THC dengan reseptor
cannabinoid. (Cho CM., dkk, 2005)
5. Ganja yang dikonsumsi lebih dari 25 mg akan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan,
yaitu mempengaruhi struktur dan fungsi otak, sistem kardiovaskular, sistem
pernafasan, serta sistem reproduksi. (Earleywine M., 2002)
6. Masalah-masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang biasa ditemukan pada pecandu
ganja adalah karies, penyakit periodontal, candidiasis, serta perubahan pada sel
epitel rongga mulut. (Cho CM., dkk 2008)
7. Reseptor cannabinoid ditemukan pada kelenjar saliva submandibula mamalia,
yaitu pada sistem saluran kelenjar saliva (ductal system) dan pada sel asini.
(Prestifilipo, dkk, 2006)
8. Saliva merupakan cairan yang disekresikan oleh kelenjar saliva yang memiliki
fungsi penting dalam rongga mulut. Volume saliva yang adekuat dapat berfungsi
sebagai proteksi dan lubrikasi mukosa, serta sebagai antimikroba. pH saliva
penting dalam menjaga integritas gigi karena mempengaruhi proses demineralisasi
hidroksiapatit. Ion kalsium merupakan buffer yang paling efisien dalam menjaga
keseimbangan cairan tubuh dan berguna dalam proses remineralisasi dan
mencegah larutnya enamel gigi. (Almeida PV., dkk, 2008; Al – Zahawi SM, dkk,
2007)
9. Konsumsi ganja dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada sekresi saliva. (Borgnakke
WS., dkk, 2011)
Universitas Sumatera Utara
10. Ganja memiliki efek parasimpatolitik sehingga terjadi xerostomia pada pecandu
ganja (Veitz-Keenan, Ferraiolo, 2008)
11. 84% dari pecandu ganja mengalami mulut kering dan 91% merasa haus setelah
mengonsumsi ganja yang menandakan terjadi hiposalivasi pada pecandu ganja.
(Katterbach, dkk, 2009)
12. Dalam penelitian in vivo pada tikus didapatkan THC dapat menginhibisi sekresi
saliva. (Prestifilipo, dkk, 2006)
13. Merokok ganja dapat mereduksi oksigen rongga mulut, meningkatkan koloni
bakteri anaerob, dan meningkatkan keasaman rongga mulut sehingga
mempengaruhi pH saliva. (Hurlbutt M., dkk, 2010)
14. Asap pembakaran rokok atau ganja yang terdiri dari karbondioksida menurunkan
pH saliva dengan cara berikatan dengan kandungan air pada saliva, mengeluarkan
ion hidrogen dan membentuk asam. (Tortora GJ., Derrickson B., 2006)
CO2+H2O
H2CO3
H++HCO3-
15. Hidroksiapatit pada gigi akan larut dalam saliva apabila berkontak dengan cairan
ataupun saliva yang bersifat asam. (Dawes C., 2003; Khan GJ., dkk, 2005)
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Solid
10Ca2+ + 6PO43– + 2OH–
Solution
16. Pada penelitian in vitro terhadap tikus, didapatkan konsentrasi kalsium meningkat
secara signifikan (p 10
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
dimension1
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Tests of Normalityb
lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
volume saliva yang
distimulasi
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
0-4
,158
17
5-7
,232
4 .
8-10
,219
4 .
Statistic
,200*
df
Sig.
,909
17
,097
,926
4
,574
,978
4
,890
,874
5
,285
dimension1
>10
,234
5
*
,200
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. There are no valid cases for volume saliva yang distimulasi when lamanya mengonsumsi ganja = 5,000. Statistics cannot be computed
for this level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
volume saliva yang distimulasi
dimension1
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
1-4
12
100,0%
0
,0%
12
100,0%
5-8
8
100,0%
0
,0%
8
100,0%
9-12
3
100,0%
0
,0%
3
100,0%
13-16
2
100,0%
0
,0%
2
100,0%
>16
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
Tests of Normality
frekuensi mengonsumsi
ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
volume saliva yang
1-4
,136
12
,200*
,949
12
,620
distimulasi
5-8
,149
8
,200*
,953
8
,736
9-12
,354
3 .
,820
3
,164
13-16
,260
2 .
>16
,308
5
,858
5
,220
dimension1
,136
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
lamanya berhenti mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya berhenti
Cases
mengonsumsi ganja
Valid
N
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
21
100,0%
0
,0%
21
100,0%
5-9
9
100,0%
0
,0%
9
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya berhenti
mengonsumsi ganja
volume saliva yang distimulasi
0-4
Statistic
,153
df
Sig.
,212
Statistic
df
Sig.
21
,200*
,920
21
,085
9
*
,912
9
,333
dimension1
5-9
Shapiro-Wilk
,200
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Uji normalitas pH
Explore
Case Processing Summary
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
17
100,0%
0
,0%
17
100,0%
5-7
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
8-10
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
>10
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
0-4
Tests of Normalityb
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
pH saliva yang distimulasi
df
Sig.
0-4
,152
5-7
,192
4 .
8-10
,208
4 .
>10
,263
Shapiro-Wilk
17
5
Statistic
,200*
*
,200
df
Sig.
,909
17
,097
,971
4
,850
,950
4
,714
,900
5
,410
dimension1
pH saliva yang distimulasi
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. There are no valid cases for pH saliva yang distimulasi when lamanya mengonsumsi ganja = 5,000. Statistics cannot be computed for this level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Tests of Normality
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
pH saliva yang distimulasi
1-4
dimension1
,190
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
12
5-8
,176
8
9-12
,191
3 .
13-16
,260
2 .
>16
,215
5
Statistic
df
Sig.
*
,857
12
,055
*
,879
8
,183
,997
3
,900
,901
5
,415
,200
,200
,200*
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
lamanya berhenti mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya berhenti
Cases
mengonsumsi ganja
Valid
N
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
21
100,0%
0
,0%
21
100,0%
5-9
9
100,0%
0
,0%
9
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya berhenti
mengonsumsi ganja
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
0-4
,159
21
,175
,903
21
,051
5-9
,250
9
,112
,858
9
,092
dimension1
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Uji normalitas ion
Explore
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
17
100,0%
0
,0%
17
100,0%
5-7
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
8-10
4
100,0%
0
,0%
4
100,0%
>10
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normalityb
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya mengonsumsi ganja
Statistic
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
df
0-4
,131
5-7
,186
8-10
>10
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
17
Statistic
*
,200
df
Sig.
,924
17
,172
4 .
,984
4
,927
,415
4 .
,675
4
,056
,262
5
,932
5
,610
dimension1
,200*
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
b. There are no valid cases for kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi when lamanya mengonsumsi ganja = 5,000. Statistics cannot be computed
for this level.
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Cases
Valid
N
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
1-4
12
100,0%
0
,0%
12
100,0%
5-8
8
100,0%
0
,0%
8
100,0%
dimension1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
9-12
3
100,0%
0
,0%
3
100,0%
13-16
2
100,0%
0
,0%
2
100,0%
>16
5
100,0%
0
,0%
5
100,0%
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
frekuensi mengonsumsi ganja
Statistic
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
1-4
distimulasi
dimension1
Shapiro-Wilk
df
,248
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
12
,040
,872
12
,069
*
,835
8
,067
,909
3
,414
,910
5
,466
5-8
,234
8
,200
9-12
,303
3 .
13-16
,260
2 .
>16
,265
5
,200*
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
lamanya berhenti mengonsumsi ganja
Case Processing Summary
lamanya berhenti
Cases
mengonsumsi ganja
Valid
N
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
0-4
21
100,0%
0
,0%
21
100,0%
5-9
9
100,0%
0
,0%
9
100,0%
dimension1
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
lamanya berhenti
mengonsumsi ganja
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
distimulasi
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
*
df
Sig.
0-4
,116
21
,200
,942
21
,240
5-9
,266
9
,065
,830
9
,055
dimension1
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Volume-pecandu-kontrol
T-Test
Group Statistics
Kelompok
volume saliva yang distimulasi
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pecandu ganja
30
7,7623
3,16361
,57759
Kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence Interv
F
volume saliva yang
Equal variances
distimulasi
assumed
Sig.
1,013
Equal variances not
t
,321
df
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
of the Difference
Lower
Upper
-2,185
38
,035
-2,38767
1,09271
-4,59973
-,1756
-2,531
20,723
,020
-2,38767
,94324
-4,35084
-,4244
assumed
Volume-Frekuensi
Oneway
Descriptives
volume saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
1-4
12
9,7417
3,34637
,96601
7,6155
11,8679
5,56
16,66
5-8
8
7,5825
2,11925
,74927
5,8108
9,3542
4,37
10,43
9-12
3
7,4300
2,92057
1,68619
,1749
14,6851
5,50
10,79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13-16
2
5,2650
,75660
,53500
-1,5328
12,0628
4,73
5,80
>16
5
4,4980
1,07667
,48150
3,1611
5,8349
2,69
5,48
kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
8,4631
11,8369
7,39
14,00
Total
40
8,3593
3,13397
,49552
7,3570
9,3615
2,69
16,66
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Between Groups
156,113
5
31,223
Within Groups
226,936
34
6,675
Total
383,049
39
Sig.
4,678
,002
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) frekuensi mengonsumsi (J) frekuensi
ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
1-4
dimension3
5-8
dimension3
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1,17921
,076
-,2373
4,5556
9-12
2,31167
1,66766
,175
-1,0774
5,7008
13-16
*
4,47667
1,97320
,030
,4666
8,4867
>16
5,24367*
1,37518
,001
2,4490
8,0384
-,40833
1,10620
,714
-2,6564
1,8397
-2,15917
1,17921
,076
-4,5556
,2373
9-12
,15250
1,74905
,931
-3,4020
3,7070
13-16
2,31750
2,04245
,264
-1,8333
6,4683
*
3,08450
1,47283
,044
,0913
6,0777
kontrol
-2,56750*
1,22547
,044
-5,0580
-,0770
1-4
-2,31167
1,66766
,175
-5,7008
1,0774
5-8
-,15250
1,74905
,931
-3,7070
3,4020
13-16
2,16500
2,35842
,365
-2,6279
6,9579
>16
2,93200
1,88674
,129
-,9023
6,7663
-2,72000
1,70068
,119
-6,1762
,7362
>16
9-12
Std. Error
2,15917
1-4
dimension3
(I-J)
5-8
kontrol
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
kontrol
Universitas Sumatera Utara
13-16
dimension3
1-4
-4,47667*
1,97320
,030
-8,4867
-,4666
5-8
-2,31750
2,04245
,264
-6,4683
1,8333
9-12
-2,16500
2,35842
,365
-6,9579
2,6279
>16
,76700
2,16153
,725
-3,6258
5,1598
-4,88500*
2,00119
,020
-8,9519
-,8181
1-4
*
-5,24367
1,37518
,001
-8,0384
-2,4490
5-8
-3,08450*
1,47283
,044
-6,0777
-,0913
9-12
-2,93200
1,88674
,129
-6,7663
,9023
13-16
-,76700
2,16153
,725
-5,1598
3,6258
*
-5,65200
1,41505
,000
-8,5277
-2,7763
1-4
,40833
1,10620
,714
-1,8397
2,6564
5-8
*
2,56750
1,22547
,044
,0770
5,0580
9-12
2,72000*
1,70068
,049
-,7362
6,1762
13-16
*
4,88500
2,00119
,020
,8181
8,9519
>16
5,65200*
1,41505
,000
2,7763
8,5277
kontrol
>16
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Volume-durasi
Oneway
Descriptives
volume saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
17
8,8476
3,31687
,80446
7,1423
10,5530
5,10
16,66
5-7
4
8,2650
2,80928
1,40464
3,7948
12,7352
4,52
10,79
8-10
4
6,6450
1,62582
,81291
4,0580
9,2320
4,73
8,69
>10
5
4,5640
1,16577
,52135
3,1165
6,0115
2,69
5,56
kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
8,4631
11,8369
7,39
14,00
Total
40
8,3593
3,13397
,49552
7,3570
9,3615
2,69
16,66
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
119,933
4
29,983
Within Groups
263,116
35
7,518
F
3,988
Sig.
,009
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
119,933
4
29,983
Within Groups
263,116
35
7,518
Total
383,049
39
F
3,988
Sig.
,009
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya mengonsumsi
(J) lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
ganja
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
(I-J)
0-4
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
,58265
1,52368
,704
-2,5106
3,6759
8-10
2,20265
1,52368
,157
-,8906
5,2959
>10
4,28365*
1,39490
,004
1,4519
7,1154
kontrol
-1,30235
1,09269
,241
-3,5206
,9159
0-4
-,58265
1,52368
,704
-3,6759
2,5106
8-10
1,62000
1,93876
,409
-2,3159
5,5559
>10
3,70100
1,83927
,052
-,0329
7,4349
kontrol
-1,88500
1,62209
,253
-5,1780
1,4080
0-4
-2,20265
1,52368
,157
-5,2959
,8906
5-7
-1,62000
1,93876
,409
-5,5559
2,3159
>10
2,08100
1,83927
,266
-1,6529
5,8149
kontrol
*
-3,50500
1,62209
,038
-6,7980
-,2120
0-4
-4,28365*
1,39490
,004
-7,1154
-1,4519
5-7
-3,70100
1,83927
,052
-7,4349
,0329
8-10
-2,08100
1,83927
,266
-5,8149
1,6529
*
-5,58600
1,50176
,001
-8,6347
-2,5373
0-4
1,30235
1,09269
,241
-,9159
3,5206
5-7
1,88500
1,62209
,253
-1,4080
5,1780
8-10
3,50500*
1,62209
,038
,2120
6,7980
*
1,50176
,001
2,5373
8,6347
dimension3
5-7
Std. Error
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
>10
5,58600
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya mengonsumsi
(J) lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
ganja
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
(I-J)
0-4
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
,58265
1,52368
,704
-2,5106
3,6759
8-10
2,20265
1,52368
,157
-,8906
5,2959
>10
4,28365*
1,39490
,004
1,4519
7,1154
kontrol
-1,30235
1,09269
,241
-3,5206
,9159
0-4
-,58265
1,52368
,704
-3,6759
2,5106
8-10
1,62000
1,93876
,409
-2,3159
5,5559
>10
3,70100
1,83927
,052
-,0329
7,4349
kontrol
-1,88500
1,62209
,253
-5,1780
1,4080
0-4
-2,20265
1,52368
,157
-5,2959
,8906
5-7
-1,62000
1,93876
,409
-5,5559
2,3159
>10
2,08100
1,83927
,266
-1,6529
5,8149
kontrol
*
-3,50500
1,62209
,038
-6,7980
-,2120
0-4
-4,28365*
1,39490
,004
-7,1154
-1,4519
5-7
-3,70100
1,83927
,052
-7,4349
,0329
8-10
-2,08100
1,83927
,266
-5,8149
1,6529
*
-5,58600
1,50176
,001
-8,6347
-2,5373
0-4
1,30235
1,09269
,241
-,9159
3,5206
5-7
1,88500
1,62209
,253
-1,4080
5,1780
8-10
3,50500*
1,62209
,038
,2120
6,7980
*
1,50176
,001
2,5373
8,6347
dimension3
5-7
Std. Error
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
>10
5,58600
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Volume-lamanya berhenti
Oneway
Descriptives
volume saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
21
7,6457
3,14298
,68585
6,2150
9,0764
2,69
16,66
5-9
9
8,0344
3,38610
1,12870
5,4317
10,6372
4,37
13,86
kontrol
10
10,1500
2,35816
,74572
8,4631
11,8369
7,39
14,00
Total
40
8,3593
3,13397
,49552
7,3570
9,3615
2,69
16,66
ANOVA
volume saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
43,709
2
21,855
Within Groups
339,340
37
9,171
Total
383,049
39
F
2,383
Sig.
,106
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
volume saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya berhenti
(J) lamanya berhenti
Mean Difference
mengonsumsi ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
(I-J)
0-4
5-9
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
1,20655
,749
-2,8334
2,0560
-2,50429*
1,16356
,038
-4,8619
-,1467
,38873
1,20655
,749
-2,0560
2,8334
-2,11556
1,39146
,137
-4,9349
,7038
0-4
*
2,50429
1,16356
,038
,1467
4,8619
5-9
2,11556
1,39146
,137
-,7038
4,9349
kontrol
5-9
Std. Error
-,38873
dimension3
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
0-4
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
pH-pecandu-kontrol
T-Test
Group Statistics
Kelompok
pH saliva yang distimulasi
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pecandu ganja
30
7,400
,3107
,0567
Kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality
of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confide
F
pH saliva yang
Equal variances
distimulasi
assumed
Sig.
,314
t
,579
Equal variances not
df
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
the Di
Lower
-1,204
38
,236
-,1300
,1079
-,3485
-1,370
19,882
,186
-,1300
,0949
-,3280
assumed
pH-frekuensi
Oneway
Descriptives
pH saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
1-4
12
7,442
,2746
,0793
7,267
7,616
6,8
7,7
5-8
8
7,462
,3114
,1101
7,202
7,723
6,8
7,8
9-12
3
7,233
,5508
,3180
5,865
8,601
6,7
7,8
13-16
2
7,350
,0707
,0500
6,715
7,985
7,3
7,4
>16
5
7,320
,3564
,1594
6,878
7,762
6,9
7,7
kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
7,358
7,702
7,1
7,8
Total
40
7,433
,2973
,0470
7,337
7,528
6,7
7,8
ANOVA
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,299
5
,060
Within Groups
3,149
34
,093
Total
3,448
39
F
Sig.
,646
,666
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
pH saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) frekuensi mengonsumsi (J) frekuensi
ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
1-4
dimension3
5-8
dimension3
9-12
dimension3
13-16
dimension3
>16
dimension3
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-8
-,0208
,1389
,882
-,303
,261
9-12
,2083
,1964
,296
-,191
,608
13-16
,0917
,2324
,696
-,381
,564
>16
,1217
,1620
,458
-,208
,451
-,0883
,1303
,502
-,353
,176
1-4
,0208
,1389
,882
-,261
,303
9-12
,2292
,2060
,274
-,190
,648
13-16
,1125
,2406
,643
-,376
,601
>16
,1425
,1735
,417
-,210
,495
kontrol
-,0675
,1443
,643
-,361
,226
1-4
-,2083
,1964
,296
-,608
,191
5-8
-,2292
,2060
,274
-,648
,190
13-16
-,1167
,2778
,677
-,681
,448
>16
-,0867
,2222
,699
-,538
,365
kontrol
-,2967
,2003
,148
-,704
,110
1-4
-,0917
,2324
,696
-,564
,381
5-8
-,1125
,2406
,643
-,601
,376
9-12
,1167
,2778
,677
-,448
,681
>16
,0300
,2546
,907
-,487
,547
kontrol
-,1800
,2357
,450
-,659
,299
1-4
-,1217
,1620
,458
-,451
,208
5-8
-,1425
,1735
,417
-,495
,210
9-12
,0867
,2222
,699
-,365
,538
13-16
-,0300
,2546
,907
-,547
,487
kontrol
-,2100
,1667
,216
-,549
,129
kontrol
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
kontrol
dimension3
1-4
,0883
,1303
,502
-,176
,353
5-8
,0675
,1443
,643
-,226
,361
9-12
,2967
,2003
,148
-,110
,704
13-16
,1800
,2357
,450
-,299
,659
>16
,2100
,1667
,216
-,129
,549
Universitas Sumatera Utara
pH-durasi
Oneway
Descriptives
pH saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
17
7,353
,2939
,0713
7,202
7,504
6,8
7,7
5-7
4
7,625
,1708
,0854
7,353
7,897
7,4
7,8
8-10
4
7,500
,1826
,0913
7,209
7,791
7,3
7,7
>10
5
7,300
,4743
,2121
6,711
7,889
6,7
7,8
kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
7,358
7,702
7,1
7,8
Total
40
7,433
,2973
,0470
7,337
7,528
6,7
7,8
ANOVA
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,457
4
,114
Within Groups
2,991
35
,085
Total
3,448
39
F
1,337
Sig.
,276
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
pH saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya mengonsumsi
(J) lamanya mengonsumsi
ganja
ganja
(I-J)
0-4
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
-,2721
,1624
,103
-,602
,058
8-10
-,1471
,1624
,372
-,477
,183
>10
,0529
,1487
,724
-,249
,355
-,1771
,1165
,138
-,414
,059
0-4
,2721
,1624
,103
-,058
,602
8-10
,1250
,2067
,549
-,295
,545
>10
,3250
,1961
,106
-,073
,723
kontrol
,0950
,1729
,586
-,256
,446
0-4
,1471
,1624
,372
-,183
,477
5-7
-,1250
,2067
,549
-,545
,295
>10
,2000
,1961
,315
-,198
,598
kontrol
-,0300
,1729
,863
-,381
,321
0-4
-,0529
,1487
,724
-,355
,249
5-7
-,3250
,1961
,106
-,723
,073
8-10
-,2000
,1961
,315
-,598
,198
kontrol
-,2300
,1601
,160
-,555
,095
0-4
,1771
,1165
,138
-,059
,414
5-7
-,0950
,1729
,586
-,446
,256
8-10
,0300
,1729
,863
-,321
,381
>10
,2300
,1601
,160
-,095
,555
dimension3
kontrol
5-7
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
kontrol
dimension3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
pH-lamanya berhenti
Oneway
Descriptives
pH saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
0-4
5-9
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
21
7,390
,3161
,0690
7,247
7,534
6,8
7,8
9
7,422
,3153
,1051
7,180
7,665
6,7
7,8
kontrol
10
7,530
,2406
,0761
7,358
7,702
7,1
7,8
Total
40
7,433
,2973
,0470
7,337
7,528
6,7
7,8
ANOVA
pH saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,133
2
,067
Within Groups
3,315
37
,090
Total
3,448
39
F
Sig.
,743
,483
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
pH saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya berhenti
(J) lamanya berhenti
Mean Difference
mengonsumsi ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
(I-J)
0-4
95% Confidence Interval
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-9
-,0317
,1192
,792
-,273
,210
kontrol
-,1395
,1150
,233
-,373
,093
,0317
,1192
,792
-,210
,273
-,1078
,1375
,438
-,386
,171
0-4
,1395
,1150
,233
-,093
,373
5-9
,1078
,1375
,438
-,171
,386
dimension3
5-9
dimension2
0-4
dimension3
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
Ion kalsium-pecandu-kontrol
T-Test
Group Statistics
Kelompok
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang
Pecandu ganja
30
,99387
,261284
,047704
distimulasi
Kontrol
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
F
kadar ion kalsium
Equal variances
saliva yang
assumed
distimulasi
Equal variances not
Sig.
,171
t
,682
df
-3,368
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
Difference
Lower
Upper
38
,002
-,309133
,091797
-,494967
-,123300
-3,705 18,507
,002
-,309133
,083441
-,484093
-,134174
assumed
Ion kalsium-frekuensi
Oneway
Descriptives
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
1-4
12
,97583
,212280
,061280
,84096
1,11071
,550
1,250
5-8
8
1,16075
,326433
,115412
,88784
1,43366
,860
1,720
9-12
3
1,11333
,162583
,093868
,70945
1,51721
,930
1,240
13-16
2
,88500
,007071
,005000
,82147
,94853
,880
,890
>16
5
,74200
,136821
,061188
,57211
,91189
,520
,880
kontrol
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
1,14813
1,45787
1,040
1,780
Total
40
1,07115
,282768
,044709
,98072
1,16158
,520
1,780
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
1,327
5
,265
Within Groups
1,791
34
,053
F
5,038
Sig.
,001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
Between Groups
1,327
5
,265
Within Groups
1,791
34
,053
Total
3,118
39
F
5,038
Sig.
,001
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) frekuensi mengonsumsi (J) frekuensi
ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
1-4
dimension3
5-8
dimension3
9-12
dimension3
13-16
dimension3
>16
dimension3
(I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-8
-,184917
,104764
,087
-,39782
,02799
9-12
-,137500
,148159
,360
-,43860
,16360
13-16
,090833
,175304
,608
-,26543
,44709
>16
,233833
,122175
,064
-,01446
,48212
*
-,327167
,098278
,002
-,52689
-,12744
1-4
,184917
,104764
,087
-,02799
,39782
9-12
,047417
,155391
,762
-,26837
,36321
13-16
,275750
,181457
,138
-,09302
,64452
>16
*
,418750
,130851
,003
,15283
,68467
kontrol
-,142250
,108874
,200
-,36351
,07901
1-4
,137500
,148159
,360
-,16360
,43860
5-8
-,047417
,155391
,762
-,36321
,26837
13-16
,228333
,209529
,283
-,19748
,65415
>16
,371333*
,167623
,034
,03068
,71198
kontrol
-,189667
,151093
,218
-,49672
,11739
1-4
-,090833
,175304
,608
-,44709
,26543
5-8
-,275750
,181457
,138
-,64452
,09302
9-12
-,228333
,209529
,283
-,65415
,19748
>16
,143000
,192036
,462
-,24726
,53326
kontrol
-,418000*
,177791
,025
-,77931
-,05669
1-4
-,233833
,122175
,064
-,48212
,01446
kontrol
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
Universitas Sumatera Utara
-,418750*
,130851
,003
-,68467
-,15283
9-12
*
-,371333
,167623
,034
-,71198
-,03068
13-16
-,143000
,192036
,462
-,53326
,24726
*
-,561000
,125717
,000
-,81649
-,30551
1-4
,327167*
,098278
,002
,12744
,52689
5-8
*
,142250
,108874
,020
-,07901
,36351
9-12
,189667*
,151093
,018
-,11739
,49672
13-16
*
,418000
,177791
,025
,05669
,77931
>16
,561000*
,125717
,000
,30551
,81649
5-8
kontrol
kontrol
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ion kalsium-durasi
Oneway
Descriptives
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
17
,98867
,197070
,046450
,89067
1,08667
,550
1,250
5-7
4
,92000
,226053
,130512
,35845
1,48155
,730
1,170
8-10
4
1,11250
,105576
,202788
,46714
1,75786
,890
1,720
>10
5
,96200
,401771
,179677
,46314
1,46086
,520
1,600
KONTROL
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
1,14813
1,45787
1,040
1,780
Total
40
1,07115
,282768
,044709
,98072
1,16158
,520
1,780
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,795
4
,199
Within Groups
2,323
35
,066
Total
3,118
39
F
2,994
Sig.
,032
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) durasi mengonsumsi ganja
(J) durasi mengonsumsi ganja
95% Confidence Interval
Mean Difference
(I-J)
0-4
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
5-7
,068667
,160672
,672
-,25751
,39485
8-10
-,123833
,142420
,391
-,41296
,16530
>10
,026667
,130248
,839
-,23775
,29108
KONTROL
-,314333*
,101618
,004
-,52063
-,10804
0-4
-,068667
,160672
,672
-,39485
,25751
8-10
-,192500
,196782
,335
-,59199
,20699
>10
-,042000
,188160
,825
-,42398
,33998
KONTROL
-,383000*
,169605
,030
-,72732
-,03868
0-4
,123833
,142420
,391
-,16530
,41296
5-7
,192500
,196782
,335
-,20699
,59199
>10
,150500
,172836
,390
-,20037
,50137
KONTROL
-,190500
,152427
,220
-,49994
,11894
0-4
-,026667
,130248
,839
-,29108
,23775
5-7
,042000
,188160
,825
-,33998
,42398
8-10
-,150500
,172836
,390
-,50137
,20037
KONTROL
-,341000*
,141120
,021
-,62749
-,05451
0-4
*
,314333
,101618
,004
,10804
,52063
5-7
,383000*
,169605
,030
,03868
,72732
8-10
*
,190500
,152427
,032
-,11894
,49994
>10
,341000*
,141120
,021
,05451
,62749
dimension3
5-7
dimension3
8-10
dimension2
dimension3
>10
dimension3
KONTROL
dimension3
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ion kalsium-lamanya berhenti
Oneway
Descriptives
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Minimum
Maximum
0-4
21
,95790
,271157
,059171
,83448
1,08133
,520
1,720
5-9
9
1,07778
,228789
,076263
,90191
1,25364
,860
1,600
kontrol
10
1,30300
,216490
,068460
1,14813
1,45787
1,040
1,780
Total
40
1,07115
,282768
,044709
,98072
1,16158
,520
1,780
ANOVA
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
df
Mean Square
,807
2
,404
Within Groups
2,311
37
,062
Total
3,118
39
F
6,462
Sig.
,004
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
kadar ion kalsium saliva yang distimulasi
LSD
(I) lamanya berhenti
(J) lamanya berhenti
Mean Difference
mengonsumsi ganja
mengonsumsi ganja
(I-J)
0-4
5-9
Sig.
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
,099572
,236
-,32163
,08188
*
-,345095
,096024
,001
-,53966
-,15053
,119873
,099572
,236
-,08188
,32163
kontrol
-,225222
,114832
,057
-,45789
,00745
0-4
,345095*
,096024
,001
,15053
,53966
5-9
*
,114832
,047
-,00745
,45789
kontrol
5-9
Std. Error
-,119873
dimension3
dimension2
95% Confidence Interval
0-4
dimension3
kontrol
dimension3
,225222
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Universitas Sumatera Utara