Analisa Volume, pH dan Kadar Ion Kalsium Saliva Yang Distimulasi Pada Pecandu Ganja di Pusat Rehabilitasi Insyaf Medan Tahun 2014
64
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Iversen, L. The science of marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 418, 29-71, 207-31.
2.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana abuse. 2012. http: // www. drugabuse.
gov / sites / default / files / rrmarijuana .pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
3.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika.
Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2009, No. 143. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
4.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2012. 2012. http:
//www. unodc.org/ documents/data-and-analysis/ WDR2012 WDR_2012 _web_
small.pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
5.
Nurhidayat A, Amir N, Susami H, Brink W, Metzger D. Drug abuse and AIDS in
Indonesia: From Research to Drug Policy and Treatment. 2013. https://
www.jspn.or.jp/ journal/ symposium/ pdf/jspn108/ss429-432.pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
6.
Badan Narkotika Nasional Republik Indonesia. Data Tindak Pidana Narkoba
Provinsi
Sumatera
Utara
Tahun
2007-2011.
2012.
http://
bnn.go.id/
portal/_uploads/ post/2012/05/10/20120510170025-10251.pdf. (10 Maret 2014)
7.
Cho CM, Hirsch R, Johnstone S. General and Oral health implications of cannabis
use. Aus Dent J 2005: 50 (2): 70-4.
8.
Earleywine, Mitch. Understanding marijuana. London: Oxford University Press,
2002; 122-65.
9.
Ashton, Heather. Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review. Br J
Psychiatry 2001; 178: 101-6.
10. Kevin J. Marijuana addiction. 2008. http:// files. choosehelp. com.s3. amazonaws.
com/content/54b4fbce27b23724a0c66cb25cdad12f_80e2ccc_file_marijuana_addict
ion.pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
11. Maloney, William. The significance of illicit drug use to dental practice. 2010.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/455. (18 Juli 2013).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
12. Bonsor, Kevin. How marijuana works. 2001. http:// science. howstuffworks.com/
marijuana.htm. (20 Agustus 2013).
13. Maloney, William. Significance of cannabis use to dental practice. N Y State Dent J
2011: 36-9.
14. Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ. An evidence-based review of acute and long-term
effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. J Addict Med 2011; 5: 18.
15. Jose, Maji. Essentials of oral biology. New Delhi: CBS Publishers, 2010: 284-8.
16. Walsh LJ. Clinical aspects of salivary biology for the dental clinician. International
Dentistry South Africa 2008; 2 (3): 16-30.
17. Malikha NZ, Murdiastuti K, Lastianny SP. Efek radioterapi area kepala dan leher
terhadap kadar kalsium saliva. 2008. http:// isjd. pdii. lipi.go.id/ admin/ jurnal/
15208117120. pdf. (8 November 2013).
18. Al-Zahawi MS, Al-Refai SA. The relationship between calcium, magnesium and
inorganic phosphate of human mixed saliva and dental caries. 2007. http:// www
.iasj. net/ iasj?func= fulltext&aId=40585. (20 Agustus 2013).
19. Woyceichoski IEC, Costa CH, de Araujo CM, dkk. Salivary buffer capacity, pH,
and stimulated flow rate of crack cocaine users. J Investig Clin Dent 2013; 4: 1603.
20. Ekstrom J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the control of its
secretion. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 62: 95–9.
21. Prestifilippo JP, Solari JF, Cal CDL, dkk. Inhibition of salivary secretion by
activation of cannabinoid receptors. Exp Biol Med 2006; (231): 1421-9
22. Wenche S, Borgnakke, George W, dkk. Dry mouth (xerostomia): diagnosis,
causes, complications and treatment. 2011. http:// www.deltadentalid.com/ docs/
files/ Dry_mouth_research_review_for_dental_professionals_2011_08[1]. pdf. (28
Juli 2013) .
23. Veitz-Keenan A, Ferraiolo D. Cannabis use and xerostomia. 2011. http:// www.
dimensions ofdentalhygiene.com/ddhright.aspx?id=11935. (19 Agustus 2013).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
24. Schulzkatterbach M, Imfelt T, Imfelt C. Cannabis and caries - does regular
cannabis use increase the risk of caries in cigarette smokers. Schweiz Monatschr
Zahnmed. 2009; 119: 576-83.
25. Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental caries: a pH-mediated disease. Can Dent
Hyg J 2010; 25(1): 9-15.
26. Tortora GJ, Derrickson B, Principle of anatomy and physiology. Washington DC:
John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2006: 1046-8.
27. Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid. J Can Den
Assoc 2003; 69 (11): 722-4.
28. Khan GJ, Mehmood R, Salah-ud-din, Marwat FM, Ihtesham-ul-haq, Jamil-urrehman. Secretion of calcium in the saliva of long term tobacco users. J Ayub Med
Col Abbottabad 2005; 17(4): 1-3.
29. Kopach O, Vats J, Netsyk O, Voitenko N, Irving A, Fedirko N. Cannabinoid
receptors in submandibular acinar cells: functional coupling between saliva flyid
and electrolytes secretion and Ca2+ signalling. J Cell Sc 2011; 125: 1884-95.
30. Obrochta JC, McClure E, Frese P. Oral implications of chemical dependency &
substance abuse for the dental professional. 2013. www. dentalcare. com/en-US/
dental-education/continuing-education/ce415/ce415.aspx. (18 Juli 2013).
31. Burkhat NW. Marijuana. 2010. http:// www. rdhmag. com/articles /print/ volume30/issue-8/columns/marijuana.html. (1 Agustus 2013).
32. Anonymous. 7 negara penyalur ganja terbanyak (salah satunya indonesia). http://
thelikers. blogspot.com /2012/06/7 - negara- penyalur- ganja-terbanyak -salah.html.
(30 Juli 2013).
33. Anonymous. Glass/Plastic Bongs. http://aslens.net/glass-plastic-bongs/. (30 Juli
2013).
34. Gettman, Jon. Marijuana and the human brain. 1995. http:// www. marijuanalibrary.
org/ brain2.html. (20 Agustus 2013).
35. Veersteeg PA, Slot DE, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Effect of cannabis
usage on the oral environment: a review. Int J Dent Hyg 2008; 6: 315-20.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
36. Ditmyer M, Demopoulos C, McClain M, Dounis G, Mobley C. The effect of
tobacco and marijuana use on dental health status in nevada adolescents: a trend
analysis. J Adolesc Health 2012; 52(2013): 641-8.
37. Thomson WM, Poulton R, Broadbent JM, dkk. Cannabis smoking and periodontal
disease among young adults, JAMA 2008; 299(5): 525-31.
38. Rawal SY, Tatakis DN, Tipton DA. Periodontal and oral manifestations of
marijuana use. J Tenn Dent Assoc 2011; 92 (2): 26-31.
39. The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. Cannabis smoke and
cancer: assesing the risk. 2006. http:// norml.org/ pdf_files/ norml_ cannabis_
smoke_ cancer.pdf. (1 Agustus 2013).
40. Langlais RP, Miller CS. Atlas berwarna kelainan rongga mulut yang lazim. Alih
bahasa. Susetyo B. Jakarta: Hipokrates, 1994: 56.
41. Almeida PV, Gegio AMT, Machado MANM, De Lima AAS, Azevedo LR. Saliva
composition and functions: A comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;
9: 1-8.
42. Sherwood L. Fisiologi manusia. Alih bahasa. Pendit BU. Jakarta: EGC, 1996: 196209, 537-48.
43. Ravenel MC, Marlow NM,dkk. Methamphetamine abuse and oral health: a pilot
study of “meth mouth”. Quintessence Int 2012; 43 (3): 229-37.
44. Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of
pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58: 389–462.
45. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi 4.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2011. 368-9.
46. Wiener RC, Wu B, Crout R, et al. Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older
adults. J Am Dent Assoc 2010; 141(3): 279-84.
47. Dokumentasi Penelitan
48. Anonymous. Profil PSPP “INSYAF”. http://insyaf.depsos.go.id/ modules. php?
name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=10. (1 Mei 2014).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
49. Rudi Qunsul. Remaja dan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba. 2013. http://bnn. go.id/ portal
/index.php/ konten /detail /puslitdatin /artikel/10682/ remaja-dan-penyalahgunaannarkoba. (20 Januari 2014).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Iversen, L. The science of marijuana. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 418, 29-71, 207-31.
2.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana abuse. 2012. http: // www. drugabuse.
gov / sites / default / files / rrmarijuana .pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
3.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika.
Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2009, No. 143. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.
4.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2012. 2012. http:
//www. unodc.org/ documents/data-and-analysis/ WDR2012 WDR_2012 _web_
small.pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
5.
Nurhidayat A, Amir N, Susami H, Brink W, Metzger D. Drug abuse and AIDS in
Indonesia: From Research to Drug Policy and Treatment. 2013. https://
www.jspn.or.jp/ journal/ symposium/ pdf/jspn108/ss429-432.pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
6.
Badan Narkotika Nasional Republik Indonesia. Data Tindak Pidana Narkoba
Provinsi
Sumatera
Utara
Tahun
2007-2011.
2012.
http://
bnn.go.id/
portal/_uploads/ post/2012/05/10/20120510170025-10251.pdf. (10 Maret 2014)
7.
Cho CM, Hirsch R, Johnstone S. General and Oral health implications of cannabis
use. Aus Dent J 2005: 50 (2): 70-4.
8.
Earleywine, Mitch. Understanding marijuana. London: Oxford University Press,
2002; 122-65.
9.
Ashton, Heather. Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review. Br J
Psychiatry 2001; 178: 101-6.
10. Kevin J. Marijuana addiction. 2008. http:// files. choosehelp. com.s3. amazonaws.
com/content/54b4fbce27b23724a0c66cb25cdad12f_80e2ccc_file_marijuana_addict
ion.pdf. (28 Juli 2013).
11. Maloney, William. The significance of illicit drug use to dental practice. 2010.
http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/455. (18 Juli 2013).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
65
12. Bonsor, Kevin. How marijuana works. 2001. http:// science. howstuffworks.com/
marijuana.htm. (20 Agustus 2013).
13. Maloney, William. Significance of cannabis use to dental practice. N Y State Dent J
2011: 36-9.
14. Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ. An evidence-based review of acute and long-term
effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. J Addict Med 2011; 5: 18.
15. Jose, Maji. Essentials of oral biology. New Delhi: CBS Publishers, 2010: 284-8.
16. Walsh LJ. Clinical aspects of salivary biology for the dental clinician. International
Dentistry South Africa 2008; 2 (3): 16-30.
17. Malikha NZ, Murdiastuti K, Lastianny SP. Efek radioterapi area kepala dan leher
terhadap kadar kalsium saliva. 2008. http:// isjd. pdii. lipi.go.id/ admin/ jurnal/
15208117120. pdf. (8 November 2013).
18. Al-Zahawi MS, Al-Refai SA. The relationship between calcium, magnesium and
inorganic phosphate of human mixed saliva and dental caries. 2007. http:// www
.iasj. net/ iasj?func= fulltext&aId=40585. (20 Agustus 2013).
19. Woyceichoski IEC, Costa CH, de Araujo CM, dkk. Salivary buffer capacity, pH,
and stimulated flow rate of crack cocaine users. J Investig Clin Dent 2013; 4: 1603.
20. Ekstrom J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the control of its
secretion. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 62: 95–9.
21. Prestifilippo JP, Solari JF, Cal CDL, dkk. Inhibition of salivary secretion by
activation of cannabinoid receptors. Exp Biol Med 2006; (231): 1421-9
22. Wenche S, Borgnakke, George W, dkk. Dry mouth (xerostomia): diagnosis,
causes, complications and treatment. 2011. http:// www.deltadentalid.com/ docs/
files/ Dry_mouth_research_review_for_dental_professionals_2011_08[1]. pdf. (28
Juli 2013) .
23. Veitz-Keenan A, Ferraiolo D. Cannabis use and xerostomia. 2011. http:// www.
dimensions ofdentalhygiene.com/ddhright.aspx?id=11935. (19 Agustus 2013).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
66
24. Schulzkatterbach M, Imfelt T, Imfelt C. Cannabis and caries - does regular
cannabis use increase the risk of caries in cigarette smokers. Schweiz Monatschr
Zahnmed. 2009; 119: 576-83.
25. Hurlbutt M, Novy B, Young D. Dental caries: a pH-mediated disease. Can Dent
Hyg J 2010; 25(1): 9-15.
26. Tortora GJ, Derrickson B, Principle of anatomy and physiology. Washington DC:
John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2006: 1046-8.
27. Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid. J Can Den
Assoc 2003; 69 (11): 722-4.
28. Khan GJ, Mehmood R, Salah-ud-din, Marwat FM, Ihtesham-ul-haq, Jamil-urrehman. Secretion of calcium in the saliva of long term tobacco users. J Ayub Med
Col Abbottabad 2005; 17(4): 1-3.
29. Kopach O, Vats J, Netsyk O, Voitenko N, Irving A, Fedirko N. Cannabinoid
receptors in submandibular acinar cells: functional coupling between saliva flyid
and electrolytes secretion and Ca2+ signalling. J Cell Sc 2011; 125: 1884-95.
30. Obrochta JC, McClure E, Frese P. Oral implications of chemical dependency &
substance abuse for the dental professional. 2013. www. dentalcare. com/en-US/
dental-education/continuing-education/ce415/ce415.aspx. (18 Juli 2013).
31. Burkhat NW. Marijuana. 2010. http:// www. rdhmag. com/articles /print/ volume30/issue-8/columns/marijuana.html. (1 Agustus 2013).
32. Anonymous. 7 negara penyalur ganja terbanyak (salah satunya indonesia). http://
thelikers. blogspot.com /2012/06/7 - negara- penyalur- ganja-terbanyak -salah.html.
(30 Juli 2013).
33. Anonymous. Glass/Plastic Bongs. http://aslens.net/glass-plastic-bongs/. (30 Juli
2013).
34. Gettman, Jon. Marijuana and the human brain. 1995. http:// www. marijuanalibrary.
org/ brain2.html. (20 Agustus 2013).
35. Veersteeg PA, Slot DE, van der Velden U, van der Weijden GA. Effect of cannabis
usage on the oral environment: a review. Int J Dent Hyg 2008; 6: 315-20.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
67
36. Ditmyer M, Demopoulos C, McClain M, Dounis G, Mobley C. The effect of
tobacco and marijuana use on dental health status in nevada adolescents: a trend
analysis. J Adolesc Health 2012; 52(2013): 641-8.
37. Thomson WM, Poulton R, Broadbent JM, dkk. Cannabis smoking and periodontal
disease among young adults, JAMA 2008; 299(5): 525-31.
38. Rawal SY, Tatakis DN, Tipton DA. Periodontal and oral manifestations of
marijuana use. J Tenn Dent Assoc 2011; 92 (2): 26-31.
39. The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. Cannabis smoke and
cancer: assesing the risk. 2006. http:// norml.org/ pdf_files/ norml_ cannabis_
smoke_ cancer.pdf. (1 Agustus 2013).
40. Langlais RP, Miller CS. Atlas berwarna kelainan rongga mulut yang lazim. Alih
bahasa. Susetyo B. Jakarta: Hipokrates, 1994: 56.
41. Almeida PV, Gegio AMT, Machado MANM, De Lima AAS, Azevedo LR. Saliva
composition and functions: A comprehensive review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;
9: 1-8.
42. Sherwood L. Fisiologi manusia. Alih bahasa. Pendit BU. Jakarta: EGC, 1996: 196209, 537-48.
43. Ravenel MC, Marlow NM,dkk. Methamphetamine abuse and oral health: a pilot
study of “meth mouth”. Quintessence Int 2012; 43 (3): 229-37.
44. Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of
pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58: 389–462.
45. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Edisi 4.
Jakarta: Sagung Seto, 2011. 368-9.
46. Wiener RC, Wu B, Crout R, et al. Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older
adults. J Am Dent Assoc 2010; 141(3): 279-84.
47. Dokumentasi Penelitan
48. Anonymous. Profil PSPP “INSYAF”. http://insyaf.depsos.go.id/ modules. php?
name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=10. (1 Mei 2014).
Universitas Sumatera Utara
68
49. Rudi Qunsul. Remaja dan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba. 2013. http://bnn. go.id/ portal
/index.php/ konten /detail /puslitdatin /artikel/10682/ remaja-dan-penyalahgunaannarkoba. (20 Januari 2014).
Universitas Sumatera Utara