bcc_chap3.ppt 6680KB Jun 23 2011 01:02:34 PM

Computer

Confluence 7/e

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Objectives



_{Input devices and their roles in getting}

different types of information into the

computer



_{Output devices and the ways they make}

computers more useful



_{The functionality of different types of}

storage devices



_{The ways the components of a computer}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor

Keyboard



_{The most familiar input}

device



_{Used to enter letters, numbers}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor

_{Standard keyboard} _{Ergonomic keyboards}

_{To address possible medical}

problems

_{Wireless keyboard} _{Folding keyboards}

_{Used with palm-sized computers}

_{One-handed keyboards}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor

Pointing Devices

 _Mouse _Touchpad _{Pointing stick} _Trackball

_Joystick

_{Graphics tablet} _{Touch screen}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor

Reading Tools



_{Reads marks}

representing codes

specifically designed

for computer input

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



_{Optical-mark readers}



_{Magnetic-ink character}

readers



_{Bar-code readers}



_{Pen scanners}



_{Tablet PC}



_{Smart whiteboard}



_{Radio Frequency}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor

Digitizing the Real World



_{Scanners capture and digitize}

printed images

_Flatbed _Slide _Drum _Sheet-fed

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



_{Digital camera}



_{Snapshots captured as}

digital images



_{Digital images stored as}

bit patterns on disks or

other digital storage

media

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



_{Video digitizer}



_{Capture input from a:}

_{Video camera}

_{Video cassette recorder or television}



_{Convert it to a digital signal}

_{Stored in memory and displayed on computer screens}



_{Videoconferencing}



_{People in diverse locations can see and hear each other}

_{Used to conduct long-distance meetings}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



_{Audio digitizers}

_{Digitize sounds from}

 _Microphones

 _{Other input devices}

_{Digital signals can be}

 _Stored

 _{Further processed with specialized}

software

 _{A digital signal processing chip}

compresses the stream of bits before it is transmitted to the CPU

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



_{Speech recognition software}

_{Converts voice data into words that} can be edited and printed

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Input: From Person to Processor



_Sensors

_{Designed to monitor physical} conditions

 _{Temperature, humidity, pressure}

_{Provide data used in:}

 _Robotics

 _{Environmental climate control}  _{Weather forecasting}

 _{Medical monitoring}  _Biofeedback

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

Screen Output



_{A monitor or video display terminal}

(VDT) displays characters, graphics,

photographic images, animation and

video

_{Video adapter—connects the monitor to} the computer

_{VRAM or video memory—a special} portion of RAM to hold video images

_{the more video memory, the more picture}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People



_{Monitor size: Measured as a diagonal line across the}

screen



_{Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on the screen}

_{Pixels (or picture elements): tiny dots that compose a picture} _{The higher the resolution, the closer together the dots}



_{Image quality is affected by resolution and color depth (or}

bit depth)

_{Color depth refers to the number of different colors a monitor} displays at one time

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People



_{Monitor classes}

_{CRTs (cathode-ray tubes)}

_{LCDs (liquid crystal displays) are now more} popular

 _{Overhead projection panels}  _{Video projectors}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

Paper Output



_{Printers produce paper output or hard}

copy



_{Two basic groups of printers:}

_{Impact printers}

_{Line printers}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

_{Non-impact printers}

_{Laser printers}

_{Laser beam reflected off a rotating drum to create}

patterns of electrical charges

_{Faster and more expensive than dot matrix printer} _{High-resolution output}

_{Inkjet printers}

_{Sprays ink onto paper to produce printed text and}

graphic images

_{Prints fewer pages/minute than laser printer} _{High-quality color costing less than laser printer}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People



_{Multifunction printer or MFP combines a scanner,}

printer and a fax modem



_{Plotter: can produce large, finely scaled engineering}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

Fax Machines and Fax Modems

_{Facsimile (fax) machine}

_Sending:

_{fax machine scans each page as an image,}

_{converts the image into a series of electronic pulses,} _{sends those signals over phone lines to another fax.} _Receiving:

_{fax machine uses the signals to reconstruct the image and} _{print black-and-white facsimiles or copies of the originals}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

Output You Can Hear



_{Sound card}



_{Enables the PC to:}

_{Accept microphone input}

_{Play music and other sound} through speakers or headphones

_{Process sound in a variety of ways}



_Synthesizers

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

Controlling Other Machines



_{Output devices take bit patterns and}

turn them into non-digital movements

_{Robot arms}

_{Telephone switchboards} _{Transportation devices}

_{Automated factory equipment} _Spacecraft

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Output: From Pulses to People

Rules of Thumb: Ergonomics and

Health

_{Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed} _{Create a healthy workspace}

_{Build flexibility into your work environment} _{Rest your eyes}

_{Stretch to loosen tight muscles} _{Listen to your body}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output

Magnetic Tape



_{Can store large amounts of information in a}

small space at a relatively low cost



_{Limitation: sequential data access}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output

Magnetic Disks



_{Random data access}



_{Floppy disks}

_{Provide inexpensive, portable storage}



_{Hard disks}

_{Non-removable, rigid disks that spin continuously} and rapidly

_{Provide much faster access than a floppy disk}



_{Removable media (Zip & Jaz disks)}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output

Optical Disks



_{Use laser beams to read and write bits}

of information on the disk surface

_{Not as fast as magnetic hard disks} _{Massive storage capacity}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output



_CD-ROM

 _{Optical drives that read CD-ROMs}



_CD-R

 _{WORM media (write-once, read many)}



_CD-RW

 _{Can read CD-ROMs and write, erase and} rewrite data onto CD-R & CD-RW disks

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output



_DVD

_{(Digital Versatile Disks)}

_{Store & distribute all kinds of data}

_{Hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of information}



_DVD-ROM

_drives

_{Can play DVD movies, read DVD data disks, read} standard CD-ROMs, and play audio CDs

_{Because they’re read-only, they can’t record data, music, or movies}



_{DVD-RAM drives}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output

Solid-State Storage Devices



_{Flash memory is an erasable memory chip}

_{Sizes range from 16 MB to 1 GB} _{Compact alternative to disk storage} _{Contains no moving parts}

_{Designed for specific applications such as} storing pictures in digital cameras

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts

Personal Computers: basic design classes



_{Tower systems}

_{Tall, narrow boxes that generally have more expansion slots and bays than} other designs



_{Flat desktop systems}

_{Designed to sit under the monitor like a platform}



_{All-in-one systems (like the iMac)}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts



_{Portable computers}

_{Include all the essential components, including keyboard and pointing} device, in one compact box

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts

Ports and Slots Revisited



_{The system or motherboard includes}

several standard ports:

_{Serial Port for attaching devices that} send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems)

_{Parallel Port for attaching devices that} send/receive bits in groups (printers)

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts



_{Other ports are typically included on}

expansion boards rather than the system

board:

_{Video Port used to plug in a color monitor into} the video board

_{Microphone, speaker, headphone, MIDI}

ports used to attach sound equipment

_{SCSI port allows several peripherals to be} strung together and attached to a single port _{LAN port used faster connection to a}

local-Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts

Expansion Made Easy

_{With the PC open architecture and the introduction of new interfaces, you} can hot swap devices.

_{USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port} _{Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more megabits}

per second

_{High speed makes it ideal for data-intensive work like digital video} _{FireWire 800}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts

Putting It All Together



_{A typical computer system might have several different input,}

output, and storage peripherals -- the key is compatibility



_{Networks blur the boundaries between computers}



_{Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals}

on a system



_{The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system}

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals



_{Tomorrow’s Storage}

 _{Smaller disks that hold more}

 _{a single-electron memory chip the size of a}

thumbnail that can store all the sounds and images of a full-length feature film



_{Tomorrow’s Output}

 _{Flat-panel screens are replacing desktop CRTs at}

an ever-increasing rate

 _{Retinal display that works without a screen}

You can count how many seeds are in the apple, but not how many apples are in the seed.

—Ken Kesey, author of

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals



_{Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors}

 _{More sophisticated devices will serve}

as eyes, ears, and other types of sense organs for computer networks

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Lesson Summary



_{Peripherals allow computer to}

communicate with the outside world

and store information for later use

information



_{The most common input devices today}

are the keyboard and the mouse



_{A variety of other input devices can}

be connected to the computer

A computer terminal is not some

clunky old television with a typewriter in front of it. It is an interface where the mind and body can connect with the universe and move bits of it about. —Douglas Adams, author of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Lesson Summary



_{Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept}

strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a

form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer



_{Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with}

the computer: Because of their high-speed random access

capability are the most common forms of storage on modern

computers

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Lesson Summary



_{Network connections make it possible for computers to}

communicate with one another directly

As a rule, men worrymore

about what they can’t see

than about what they can. —Julius Caesar

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts

Putting It All Together

_{A typical computer system might have several different input,}

output, and storage peripherals -- the key is compatibility

_{Networks blur the boundaries between computers}

_{Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals}

on a system

_{The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system}

Slide 38

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals

 _{Tomorrow’s Storage}

 _{Smaller disks that hold more}

 _{a single-electron memory chip the size of a}

thumbnail that can store all the sounds and images of a full-length feature film

 _{Tomorrow’s Output}

 _{Flat-panel screens are replacing desktop CRTs at}

an ever-increasing rate

 _{Retinal display that works without a screen}

You can count how many seeds are in the apple, but not how many apples are in the seed.

—Ken Kesey, author of One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals

 _{Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors}

 _{More sophisticated devices will serve}

as eyes, ears, and other types of sense organs for computer networks

Slide 40

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Lesson Summary

 _{Peripherals allow computer to}

communicate with the outside world and store information for later use information

 _{The most common input devices today}

are the keyboard and the mouse

 _{A variety of other input devices can}

be connected to the computer

A computer terminal is not some

clunky old television with a typewriter in front of it. It is an interface where the mind and body can connect with the universe and move bits of it about. —Douglas Adams, author of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Lesson Summary

 _{Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept}

strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer

 _{Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with}

the computer: Because of their high-speed random access capability are the most common forms of storage on modern computers

Slide 42

Computer Confluence 7/e

Chapter 3

Lesson Summary

 _{Network connections make it possible for computers to}

communicate with one another directly

As a rule, men worrymore

about what they can’t see

than about what they can. —Julius Caesar