DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL THE TWELFTH CARD (2005) Deixis Analysis of The Novel The Twelfth Card (2005).
DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL THE TWELFTH CARD
(2005)
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
Dian Setya Nugraha
A 320 080 222
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMDIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
No matter how confident you are in your abilities. In the end, what it comes
down to is the power to believe. The power to believe that you will succeed. If
you have that, the result will be better.
Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is
always to try just one more time.
(Thomas A. Edison)
v
DEDICATION
This research is proudly dedicated to:
The Greatest Allah SWT
My Beloved Parents
My Beloved Sister
My Beloved Friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbal'alamin, praise to Allah SWT, The Lord of the life who
gives guidance and blessing to the researcher so the researcher can finish this
research paper entitled “DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL THE TWELFTH
CARD (2005).” And thanks to the great prophet Muhammad SAW, peace be upon
him, who show us the right way.
The researcher realizes that the research paper cannot be finished without
many helps and supports from several people. The researcher would like to express
his earnest gratitude for the following persons:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko P., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., as the chief of English Department
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum., as the first consultant, who has given her
time to guide, advice, and share much knowledge patiently to the researcher
in this research paper finished
4. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant, who has given her
time to correct the grammatical error of this research paper
5. All lectures of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta especially English
Department who has helped and guide the writer in many ways
vii
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLE ..........................................................................................
xi
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................
xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study......................................................................
1
B. Previous Study ....................................................................................
3
C. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................
4
D. Problem Statement ...............................................................................
4
E. Objective of the Study..........................................................................
5
F. Benefit of The Study ............................................................................
5
G. Research Paper Organization ...............................................................
5
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ..................................................
7
A. Discourse ..............................................................................................
7
1. Notion of Discourse.......................................................................
7
2. Discourse Analysis ........................................................................
7
3. Text and Context ...........................................................................
9
B. Deixis ...................................................................................................
11
1. The Notion of Deixis .....................................................................
11
ix
2. Kinds of Deixis..............................................................................
12
a. Person deixis ......................................................................
12
b. Place deixis.........................................................................
14
c. Time deixis .........................................................................
15
d. Discourse deixis .................................................................
15
e. Social deixis .......................................................................
17
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
19
A. Type of The Study................................................................................
19
B. Object of The Study .............................................................................
19
C. Data and The Data Source....................................................................
19
D. Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................
19
E. Technique of The Data Analysis ..........................................................
20
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ...........................
21
A. Data Analysis .......................................................................................
21
1. Person Deixis.................................................................................
21
2. Place Deixis ...................................................................................
27
3. Time Deixis ...................................................................................
31
4. Discourse Deixis ...........................................................................
39
5. Social Deixis .................................................................................
43
B. Discussion ............................................................................................
48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION .............................
66
A. Conclusion ..........................................................................................
66
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Total Deixis Found in The Twelfth Card novel ...............................
48
Table 4.2 Kinds of person deixis in The Twelfth Card novel ..........................
49
Table 4.2.2 Singular First Person Deixis and Its References ...........................
50
Table 4.2.3 Plural First Person Deixis and Its References ...............................
51
Table 4.2.4 Singular Second Person Deixis and Its References ......................
53
Table 4.2.5 Plural Second Person Deixis and Its References ..........................
54
Table 4.2.6 Singular Third Person Deixis and Its References .........................
54
Table 4.2.7 Plural Third Person Deixis and Its References .............................
56
Table 4.3 Kinds of Place Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel...........................
57
Table 4.3.2 Proximal Distance Deixis..............................................................
57
Table 4.3.3 Distal Distance Deixis...................................................................
58
Table 4.4: Kinds of Time Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel..........................
59
Table 4.4.2 Past Time Deixis ...........................................................................
60
Table 4.4.3 Present Time Deixis ......................................................................
61
Table 4.4.4 Future Time Deixis .......................................................................
62
Table 4.5: Kinds of Discourse Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel ..................
63
Table 4.6: Kinds of Social Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel ........................
63
Table 4.6.2 Absolute Social Deixis ..................................................................
64
xi
SUMMARY
DIAN SETYA NUGRAHA, A 320 080 222, DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF
THE NOVEL THE TWELFTH CARD (2005). RESEARCH PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2015.
The objectives of the study are to find out the forms, and clarify the
meaning of deixis used in The Twelfth Card novel.
In collecting the data, the writer uses observation and documentation
method by selecting the deixis forms that can be found in The Twelfth Card
novel. The sources of data are The Twelfth Card novel. This research
employs the theory of deixis in discourse analysis, and theory of context to
clarify the reference and meanings of deixis.
The result of the study shows that, there are 2686 deixis divided into
five types. (1) person deixis are 2222 or 83% that is divided into first person
deixis consisting of 466 deixis or 20, 97 %, second person deixis consisting
of 335 deixis or 15,08 %, and third person deixis consisting of 1421 deixis or
63,95 %. (2) Place deixis consists of 149 deixis or 5%. (3) Time deixis
consists of 176 deixis or 7%. (4) Discourse deixis consists 116 deixis or 4 %.
(5) Social deixis consists of 21 deixis or 1%. Social deixis is divided into
absolute social deixis (15 items / 71, 43% of total social deixis) and relational
social deixis (6 items or 28,57% of total social deixis).
The reference and meaning of deixis the researcher analyzed are ten
references. (1) Based on first person deixis, the most dominant reference is
Geneva Settle that appears 123 times or 34,45 %. (2) Based on second person
deixis, the most dominant reference is Geneva Settle that appears 71 times or
24,91 %. (3) Based on third person deixis, the most dominant reference is
also Geneva Settle that appears 299 times or 23,67 %. (4) Based on the
proximal place deixis, the most dominant reference is Lincoln Rhyme’s
Office; it appears 36 times or 24, 16%. (5) Based on the distal place deixis,
the most dominant reference is Library of African-American Museum that
appears 54 times or 36, 24%. (6) Based on the past time deixis, the most
dominant reference is Tuesday morning that appears 12 times or 7, 03 %. (7)
Based on the present time deixis, the most dominant reference is the time
when the main characters gathering in the Rhyme’s Office, the deixis appears
30 times or 16,85 %.(8) Based on the future time deixis, the most dominant
reference is Tuesday morning; it appears 39 times or 18,9 %. (9) Based on
the portion of discourse, the most dominant reference is the situation where
Geneva Settle was attacked by Thompson Boyd that appears 41 times or 41,
03 %. (10) Based on the social relationship between the speakers and the
addressee, the most dominant reference is Lincoln Rhyme who has a position
as the leader of Investigation Team of Geneva Settle case; this reference
appears 8 times or 34,78 %.
Keywords: deixis, types, references, context.
xii
(2005)
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
Dian Setya Nugraha
A 320 080 222
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMDIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
No matter how confident you are in your abilities. In the end, what it comes
down to is the power to believe. The power to believe that you will succeed. If
you have that, the result will be better.
Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is
always to try just one more time.
(Thomas A. Edison)
v
DEDICATION
This research is proudly dedicated to:
The Greatest Allah SWT
My Beloved Parents
My Beloved Sister
My Beloved Friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbal'alamin, praise to Allah SWT, The Lord of the life who
gives guidance and blessing to the researcher so the researcher can finish this
research paper entitled “DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL THE TWELFTH
CARD (2005).” And thanks to the great prophet Muhammad SAW, peace be upon
him, who show us the right way.
The researcher realizes that the research paper cannot be finished without
many helps and supports from several people. The researcher would like to express
his earnest gratitude for the following persons:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko P., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., as the chief of English Department
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum., as the first consultant, who has given her
time to guide, advice, and share much knowledge patiently to the researcher
in this research paper finished
4. Siti Fatimah, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant, who has given her
time to correct the grammatical error of this research paper
5. All lectures of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta especially English
Department who has helped and guide the writer in many ways
vii
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLE ..........................................................................................
xi
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................
xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study......................................................................
1
B. Previous Study ....................................................................................
3
C. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................
4
D. Problem Statement ...............................................................................
4
E. Objective of the Study..........................................................................
5
F. Benefit of The Study ............................................................................
5
G. Research Paper Organization ...............................................................
5
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ..................................................
7
A. Discourse ..............................................................................................
7
1. Notion of Discourse.......................................................................
7
2. Discourse Analysis ........................................................................
7
3. Text and Context ...........................................................................
9
B. Deixis ...................................................................................................
11
1. The Notion of Deixis .....................................................................
11
ix
2. Kinds of Deixis..............................................................................
12
a. Person deixis ......................................................................
12
b. Place deixis.........................................................................
14
c. Time deixis .........................................................................
15
d. Discourse deixis .................................................................
15
e. Social deixis .......................................................................
17
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
19
A. Type of The Study................................................................................
19
B. Object of The Study .............................................................................
19
C. Data and The Data Source....................................................................
19
D. Method and Technique of Collecting Data ..........................................
19
E. Technique of The Data Analysis ..........................................................
20
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ...........................
21
A. Data Analysis .......................................................................................
21
1. Person Deixis.................................................................................
21
2. Place Deixis ...................................................................................
27
3. Time Deixis ...................................................................................
31
4. Discourse Deixis ...........................................................................
39
5. Social Deixis .................................................................................
43
B. Discussion ............................................................................................
48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION .............................
66
A. Conclusion ..........................................................................................
66
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Total Deixis Found in The Twelfth Card novel ...............................
48
Table 4.2 Kinds of person deixis in The Twelfth Card novel ..........................
49
Table 4.2.2 Singular First Person Deixis and Its References ...........................
50
Table 4.2.3 Plural First Person Deixis and Its References ...............................
51
Table 4.2.4 Singular Second Person Deixis and Its References ......................
53
Table 4.2.5 Plural Second Person Deixis and Its References ..........................
54
Table 4.2.6 Singular Third Person Deixis and Its References .........................
54
Table 4.2.7 Plural Third Person Deixis and Its References .............................
56
Table 4.3 Kinds of Place Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel...........................
57
Table 4.3.2 Proximal Distance Deixis..............................................................
57
Table 4.3.3 Distal Distance Deixis...................................................................
58
Table 4.4: Kinds of Time Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel..........................
59
Table 4.4.2 Past Time Deixis ...........................................................................
60
Table 4.4.3 Present Time Deixis ......................................................................
61
Table 4.4.4 Future Time Deixis .......................................................................
62
Table 4.5: Kinds of Discourse Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel ..................
63
Table 4.6: Kinds of Social Deixis in The Twelfth Card Novel ........................
63
Table 4.6.2 Absolute Social Deixis ..................................................................
64
xi
SUMMARY
DIAN SETYA NUGRAHA, A 320 080 222, DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF
THE NOVEL THE TWELFTH CARD (2005). RESEARCH PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2015.
The objectives of the study are to find out the forms, and clarify the
meaning of deixis used in The Twelfth Card novel.
In collecting the data, the writer uses observation and documentation
method by selecting the deixis forms that can be found in The Twelfth Card
novel. The sources of data are The Twelfth Card novel. This research
employs the theory of deixis in discourse analysis, and theory of context to
clarify the reference and meanings of deixis.
The result of the study shows that, there are 2686 deixis divided into
five types. (1) person deixis are 2222 or 83% that is divided into first person
deixis consisting of 466 deixis or 20, 97 %, second person deixis consisting
of 335 deixis or 15,08 %, and third person deixis consisting of 1421 deixis or
63,95 %. (2) Place deixis consists of 149 deixis or 5%. (3) Time deixis
consists of 176 deixis or 7%. (4) Discourse deixis consists 116 deixis or 4 %.
(5) Social deixis consists of 21 deixis or 1%. Social deixis is divided into
absolute social deixis (15 items / 71, 43% of total social deixis) and relational
social deixis (6 items or 28,57% of total social deixis).
The reference and meaning of deixis the researcher analyzed are ten
references. (1) Based on first person deixis, the most dominant reference is
Geneva Settle that appears 123 times or 34,45 %. (2) Based on second person
deixis, the most dominant reference is Geneva Settle that appears 71 times or
24,91 %. (3) Based on third person deixis, the most dominant reference is
also Geneva Settle that appears 299 times or 23,67 %. (4) Based on the
proximal place deixis, the most dominant reference is Lincoln Rhyme’s
Office; it appears 36 times or 24, 16%. (5) Based on the distal place deixis,
the most dominant reference is Library of African-American Museum that
appears 54 times or 36, 24%. (6) Based on the past time deixis, the most
dominant reference is Tuesday morning that appears 12 times or 7, 03 %. (7)
Based on the present time deixis, the most dominant reference is the time
when the main characters gathering in the Rhyme’s Office, the deixis appears
30 times or 16,85 %.(8) Based on the future time deixis, the most dominant
reference is Tuesday morning; it appears 39 times or 18,9 %. (9) Based on
the portion of discourse, the most dominant reference is the situation where
Geneva Settle was attacked by Thompson Boyd that appears 41 times or 41,
03 %. (10) Based on the social relationship between the speakers and the
addressee, the most dominant reference is Lincoln Rhyme who has a position
as the leader of Investigation Team of Geneva Settle case; this reference
appears 8 times or 34,78 %.
Keywords: deixis, types, references, context.
xii