Palm Sugar (Arenga Pinata) Implementation As Biosecurity Pre-transportation System On Blood Glucose And Glycogen On Broiler.
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE
Volume LVI, 2013
University of Agronomic Sciences
and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest
Faculty of Animal Science
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
SERIES D
ANIMAL SCIENCE
Volume LVI
2013
BucharesT
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
x Stelian ACATINCĂI - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat,
Timiúoara, Romania
x Vasco A.P. CADAVEZ - Departamento de Ciência Animal & Centro de Investigação de Montanha
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
(CIMO), Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança - Portugal Serghei CHILIMAR Academy of Agricultural Sciences - Republic of Moldova
Mioara COSTACHE - S.C.D.P. Nucet
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN - University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Georgeta DINIğĂ - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
Cătălin DRAGOMIR - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. - Baloteúti
Nicolae EREMIA - Agricultural State University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova
Horia GROSU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
Mihaela HĂBEANU - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. – Baloteúti
Mostafa A.R. IBRAHIM - University of Kafrelsheikh, Egipt
Ondrej KADLECÍK - Slovak Agricultural University Nitra, Slovacia
Yusuf KONCA - Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
Monica Paula MARIN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Romania
Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Romania
Mircea POP - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaúi, Romania
Agata POPESCU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
Elena POPESCU – MICLOùANU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Romania
ùtefan POPESCU - VIFOR - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Romania
Daniela RADU - S.C.D.P. Nucet
Paul Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Romania
Ilie VAN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
EDITORIAL BOARD
General Editor: Prof. Ph.D. Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN
Executive Editor: Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Monica Paula MARIN
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Copyright 2013
To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Volume LVI, 2013
The publishers are not responsible for the content of the scientific papers and opinions published in the
Volume. They represent the authors’ point of view.
ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN-L 2285-5750
SUMMARY
GENETICS AND BREEDING
Identification of PIT-1 gen using PCR-RFLP and genetic evaluation of haching weight
using paternal halb sib on indegenous breed singing cockerel Pelung - Sri Bandiati Komar
PRAJOGA, Kundrat HIDAYAT, Perman IMAN ………………………………………………
Pastoralism and the Romanian history. Sheep breeds-people, languages, genes in
Northern Carpathians and Pannonia Basin - Condrea DRAGANESCU …………………..
History of genetic evaluation methods in dairy cattle I. Daughter-dam comparisons Horia GROSU, Sorin LUNGU, Pascal Anton OLTENACU ………………………….………
Genetic diversity of Karya and Çine Çapari sheep - Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim CEMAL,
Orhan KARACA, Nezih ATA, Semih SEVIM, Mehmet OZTURK …………………………...
Birth weights and growth performances of hair goat kids raised in Denizli province of
Turkey - Ibrahim CEMAL, Onur YILMAZ, Orhan KARACA ……………………………...
Study of genetic diversity of three Portuguese cattle breeds by 93 micro satellite
markers - Armandina ALMEIDA, José P. P. ARAÚJO, Ivica MEDUGORAC, Vasco A.P.
CADAVEZ ……………………………………………………………………………………
Calpastatin gene polymorphism in Çine Çapari and Karya sheep - Nezih ATA, Ibrahim
CEMAL …………………………………………………………………………………………
Genetic characterisation of populations of cattle of Holstein breed, cultivated in the
Republic of Moldova - Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Valentin FOKSHA ………………..
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NUTRITION
Chemical composition and nutritional value of the fodder grown in the conditions of
the Republic of Moldova - Larisa CAISIN, Vasile HAREA, Vasile VRANCEAN …………
The metabolic utilization of iron and copper in the young swine organism - Monica
MARIN, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU, Carmen NICOLAE, Georgeta DINITA, Iuliana
MARIN…………........................................................................................................................
Use of chrome trace for vital activities functions stimulation of Apis mellifera bee
colonies - Valentina CEBOTARI, I. TODERAS, I. BUZU, V. RUDIC …………………...
Effect of artificial molted brown laying hens on production of DHA enriched eggs Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Kiril FILEV, Vasil KOSTOV, Vesna LEVKOV ………………
Characteristic and growth pattern of Brachiaria humidicola cv. tully underneath
coconuts plantation - Selvie D. ANIS, M.A. CHOZIN, David A. KALIGIS ………………..
Investigation of L. monocytogenes – HEp-2 cells relationships by culture based and
microscopy tools - Marius Eduard CAPLAN, Lorena Andreea MATEESCU ……………...
Microelements and their chelate forms in nutrition of monogastric animals: a review Vidica STANAûEV, Nikola PUVAýA, Dragan MILIû, Vladislav STANAûEV, Milanka
DRINIû ………………………………………………………………………………………..
The effect of feeding intervals on the level of glucose, triglyceride, percentageof
abdominal fat and carcass quality on broiler chickens - Elvia HERNAWAN, Tuti
WIDJASTUTI …………………………………………………………………………………
Nutritive evaluation of ammoniated Benggala grass and fermented Sago waste - Ronny
A. V. TUTUROONG, SOEBARINOTO, HARTUTIK, Ch. KAUNANG ………..………….
A study on babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa celebensis) in tropical forest of Northern
part of Sulawesi - B. TULUNG, J.F. UMBOH, A.F. PENDONG …………………………
Effect of free choice feeding based on emmer, triticale and wheat to japanese quail
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) on performance, inner organs and intestinal viscosity Yusuf KONCA, Selma BÜYÜKKILIÇ BEYZI ……………………………………………..
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Protean nutrition optimization for cows with high milk production by using an
unproteic natrium source associated with energy and mineral supplements - Roxana
ARGHIRIADE, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Monica MARIN, TomiĠa DRĂGOTOIU, Izabela
OPREA ……...............................................................................................................................
Evaluation of fructan contents in the taproots of plants Lactuca serriola L. and Sonchus
oleraceus L. - Nadezhda PETKOVA, Panteley DENEV .........................................................
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REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY
Studies on improving local sheep breeds fertility in Egypt - Mostafa Abdel Rahman
IBRAHIM ……………………………………………………………………………………...
Dynamic studies in broiler chicken natural immune factors - Tsvetoslav KOYNARSKI,
Lilyan SOTIROV ……………………………………………………………………………..
Maintenance of reproductive health when using mexidolin the course of a sperm
cryopreservation - Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Ion
BALAN, Vladimir BUZAN, Nicolae ROùCA, Ion MEREUğA ……………………………..
Cervical insemination in Karya sheep - Orhan KARACA, Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim
CEMAL ………………………………………………………………………………………..
Molecular biology studies of protein synthesis and 45Ca transport in striated and
cardiac muscle of rabbits with experimental glandulardys functions - Flory REVNIC,
Bogdan PALTINEANU, Gabriel PRADA, Gabriel Ovidiu DINU, Speranta PRADA,
Cristian Romeo REVNIC, Cosmin ùONEA, Cătălina PENA ………………………………...
Researches regarding age, breed and collecting season influence in quality and quantity
boars semen - Paul-Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ, Alexandru ùONEA, Alexandru IANCU, Elena
MITRĂNESCU ……………………………………………………………………………….
Milk quantity and quality in a dairy unit-study case - Paul-Rodian TAPALOAGA ……..
Improving repeat breeder cows fertility byestrus synchronization: comparison of PRID
+ PGF2ALFA + GnRH and GnRH+ PGF2ALFA + GnRH protocols - Osman ERGENE …….
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TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
The effect of using Pietrain breed on improving carcass quality on pigs - Ilie ROTARU .
Breeding Holstein or Norwegian Red in Albania? - Ylli BIÇOKU, Kujtim GJONI ……...
Study regarding reproductive isolation in Romanian sport horse from Jegălia studfarm Mariana VODĂ, Gheorghe MĂRGINEAN ………………………………..…………………
Research regarding evolution of heavy weight of young ramsin Teleorman’s Black
Head sheep - Andi FIğA, Ion CĂLIN ……………………………………………………….
The utilization of fast food waste product on the protein efficiency ration of local male
duck - Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Hery SUPRATMAN, Sjafril DARANA, Anggana
KHATULISTIWA …………………………………………………………………………….
Dairy sector in Albania - challenges and perspectives - Ylli BIÇOKU, Merita URUÇI …
Great bustard restocking in Eurasia - Cristina GARLEA, Marcel Th.
PARASCHIVESCU, Florin RADU …………………………………………………………..
The pollution level of teniosis in shepherds and impact of some of them in apparition
and development of cenuriosis focus points in young sheep - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara
MIREùAN, Grigore ONACIU, Camelia RĂDUCU, Flore CHIRILĂ, Zamfir MARCHIù,
Octavia NEGREA ……………………………………………………………………………..
Some aspects concerning the incidence of podal disorders in cattle reared and
maintained in free system - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara MIREùAN, Grigore ONACIU,
Camelia RĂDUCU, Liviu OANA, Flore CHIRILĂ, Adriana CRISTE, Zamfir MARCHIù …
The umbilical ring of ruminants, natural gate for transponder implant into the
preperitoneal space - Sorin LUNGU, Anca LUNGU, Horia GROSU ………………………
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Study about influence of feed parameters on slaughtering performances in certificate type broilers - Ioan CUSTURĂ, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Minodora
TUDORACHE, Elena POPESCU-MICLOùANU, Livia VIDU ……………………………...
Research on influence of nutritional parameters on unit costs in bio type broiler
carcasses - Minodora TUDORACHE, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Ioan CUSTURĂ,
Elena POPESCU-MICLOùANU, Livia VIDU ………………………………………………..
Researches concerning total water content of broiler - Maria Antoaneta POPA ………….
Cattle and small ruminant breeding activities in Turkey - Ali Murat TATAR, Muhittin
TUTKUN, Halit Deniz SIRELI ……………………………………………………………….
Study on density in shelter and the effect of a vitamin-mineral selenium premix in
young quails of the Baloteúti population - Lucian IONIğĂ, Elena POPESCU MICLOùANU, Consuela ROIBU …………………………………………………………….
Research on bee keeping development in the Southern Romania – a questionaire based
survey - Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ……………………………………………...
Considerations on the C.E.E.Cs’ position in the EU-27 poultry meat production and
foreign trade - Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ………………………………………
Comparative study of the qualities of cows from Moldovian type of Black Spotted and
Red of Steppe breeds - Serghei CHILIMAR ………………………………………………..
The effect of Spirulina sp. population densities toward reduction of BOD5 and COD of
beef cattle slurry - Tubagus Benito Achmad KURNANI, Yuli Astuti HIDAYATI, Eulis
Tanti MARLINA ……………………………………………………………………………..
Palm sugar (Arenga pinata) implementation as biosecurity pre-transportation system on
blood glucose and glycogen on broiler - Fredy J. NANGOY, S. DARANA, L. ADRIANI,
T. WIDJASTUTI, P. EDIANINGSIH, H.A.W. LENGKEY …………………………………
Partial results regarding the exploitation and morpho-productive traits for Alpina
breed goats in South of the country - Iulian VLAD, Marius MAFTEI, Daniela
IANITCHI, Mirela STANCIU, Andi FITA ………………………………………………….
Using feed additive (complex symbiotic) in stimulating feeding of bees - Nicolae
EREMIA ……………………………………………………………………………………….
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TECHNOLOGIES OF THE AGRO FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSING
Development of heat-stable fruit fillings using gellan gum as stabilizer - Janna
CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL, Lidia PARSHAKOVA ………………………………….
Fermentation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse hydrolyzate by Pichia
stipitis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis to ethanol - Ratu SAFITRI, In-In
HANIDAH, Toto SUBROTO ………………………………………………………………..
Blood glucose and triglycerideprofile using Alpinia galanga (L.) /lengkuas juice - Lovita
ADRIANI ……………………………………………………………………………..
Hydrolysis of sago pith powder (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in enzymatic and
fermentation of hydrolyzate by Pichia stipitis CBS 5773, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D1/P3GI, and Zymomonas mobilis FNCC 0056 to ethanol - Ratu SAFITRI, Abi WIYONO
Sparkling wine quality in a Romanian wine processing unit-study case - Dana
TAPALOAGA …………………………………………………………………………….......
A better start in bread quality-ultra fiber and other plant ingredients - Dana
TAPALOAGA ………………………………………………………………………………...
Particularities regarding processing technology in a catering unit - Carmen Daniela
PETCU …………………………………………………………………………………….......
Researches concerning some meat products control in a specialized unit - Carmen
Daniela PETCU ……………………………………………………………………………….
A way to prevent syneresis in fruit fillings prepared with gellan gum - Janna
CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL …………………………………………………………….
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WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT, FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE
Helminth communities of fishes from the river Danube and lake Srebarna, Bulgaria Diana KIRIN, Vladimira HANZELOVÁ, Sonya SHUKEROVA, Stefan HRISTOV,
Ludmila TURCEKOVÁ, Marta SPAKULOVA ……………………………………………..
Biodiversity and ecological appraisal of the freshwater ecosystem of the river Arda,
Bulgaria - D. KIRIN, V. HANZELOVÁ, S. SHUKEROVA, S. HRISTOV, ď.
TURýEKOVÁ, M. SPAKULOVA, T. BARCIOVÁ …………………………………………
Daphnia test – a shortcut for human health protection assessment - Rodne NASTOVA,
Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Vasil KOSTOV …………………………………………………….
Examination of content of heavy metals and pesticides in fish in the accumulation
Strezevo in the Republic of Macedonia - Rodne NASTOVA, Vasil KOSTOV, Natasha
GJORGOVSKA ………………………………………………………………………………
Genetic evaluation in a population of Frasinet cyprinids used for selection to maximize
meat production - Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Horia GROSU, Mioara COSTACHE,
Monica MARIN, Daniela RADU, Alin BÂDILITA, Victor NI܉Ă ……………………….
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TECHNOLOGIES
OF ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY
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Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LVI
ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN-L 2285-5750
PALM SUGAR (Arenga pinata) IMPLEMENTATION AS BIOSECURITY
PRE-TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND
GLYCOGEN ON BROILER
Fredy J. NANGOY1, S. DARANA1, L. ADRIANI2, T. WIDJASTUTI2, P. EDIANINGSIH2,
H.A.W. LENGKEY2
1
2
Sam Ratulangi University, 95 115, Manado, Indonesia
Padjadjaran University Bandung, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, Indonesia
Corresponding author email: lovita_yoghurt@yahoo.co.id
Abstract
Transport of broiler chicken pen to the slaughterhouse can lead to stress. Transportation stress substantially
unavoidable, but it does not mean that the negative effects of stress can not be reduced. Efforts to suppress the
detrimental effects of stress alternative transportation one can do with management prior to transportation, through
provision of drinking water containing palm sugar (Arenga pinata). The objective of the study is to obtained the
implementation and delivery of palm sugar pre-transportation to maintain the stability of broilers performance. The
study was conducted on thirty five days in the Sumedang, West Java Indonesia. The transportation routes are held from
the village carried Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag or 2 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag Cipadung - Tanjungkarta - Cipadung - Nagrag or 3 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag - Cipadung Nagrag - Congeang - Nagrag or 4 hours. Each car transport speed 50-60 km/hour. Research carried out by using the
method of factorial experimental design Completely Randomized Experiment 3 x 3 x 3, Statistical tests performed to the
influence of variance and differences between treatments were examined using different test real honest. A factor is the
transportation of animal with three replications, namely A1 is a 2 hour transportation, A2 is a 3 hour transportation, A3
is a 4 hour transportation ; anti stress factor B with three replications, namely B1 is palm sugar 2%, B2 is palm sugar
3%, B3 palm sugar 4%. The study found that by implementation of palm sugar in different rations and drinking water
makes a decreased of blood glucose ranges from 4.72 up to 8.75 mg/dL, glycogen ranges from 120.27 up to 130.34
mg/g.
Key words: Palm sugar, transport stress, performance production, broiler chickens.
way until the end of the journey is still obtained
optimal performance. Transport to be one of
the major factors in trading system is as well as
the storage and processing of livestock
(Mubyarto, 1982).
Palm sugar as a source of glucose is the energy
source of non-ruminant livestock or energy for
living organisms, and is absorbed in the
bloodstream through the digestive tract.
Disaccharide, sucrose or simultaneously
absorbed more quickly as glucose and fructose
when broken down in the 'brush border'
intestinal mucosal cells. Some glucose goes
into fuel and then to the brain cells, while the
rest to the liver and muscles to be stored as
glycogen or animal starch and fat cells are
stored as fat. Glycogen is stored in energy
source to be converted back into glucose when
energy is needed more. Palm sugar release
energy slowly or slow energy release, so there
will be an increase or decrease in blood sugar
INTRODUCTION
Transportation of broiler chickens stricken
areas of origin destination can cause stress.
Factors that could be cause stress during
transport, among others, mileage, time,
duration, effects of temperature and humidity
during transport. Stress transportation of broiler
can make negative effects that cause high
shrinkage of weight and slowing even cessation
of body weight gain after arriving at the
location
of
dismantling
and
cutting
(Budinuryanto et al., 2000). There are several
things can do to reduce the negative effects of
transportation stress, namely: provision of
adequate nutrition ration before transportation,
selection of broilers before transport, density of
broiler chickens in a box, setting ventilation
and transport time. One function to maintain
the biological safety of poultry especially
broilers are ready to cut the traffic control
system regarding biosecurity, so that all the
272
boxes were made from a mixture of bamboo
and wood box that has provided 432 broilers.
Each box contained 9 broilers for 2 hour
transportation research, and has three times
replication, and also for 3 hours transportation
and 4 hours of transportation.
Treatment of broiler chickens fed palm sugar in
water, marked and observed in accordance with
existing treatments. The number of broiler cut
54 heads for analyzing the glycogen (liver) 27
heads palm sugar in drinking water (each
replication were taken one broiler chicks), the
number of treatment studies carried as many as
18 boxes with 162 broiler chickens.
Each treatment unit then marked according to
randomized treatment has worn so well treated
animals had marked. Placement on the car
already randomized treatment according to the
serial number on the car is sort from front to
back and so on until the top. Variables
measured: Decrease in glycogen (mg / g),
obtained from liver samples at the end of the
study,
and
analyzed
the
laboratory
(Peungvicha, 1998); decrease in blood glucose
(mg / dl), obtained from blood samples
beginning with the final blood sample. Blood
samples were obtained before the beginning of
transportation while final blood sample after
transport. Blood sampling on the wing vein
with the smallest needle (venojec) heparin the
blood does not build up (Barham and Tinder,
1972.).
The study was conducted using a completely
randomized design Factorial Experiments 3 x 3
(Gaspersz, 1995). A factor is the transportation
of livestock, anti-stress factor B with three
replications. Factor A = Transport namely:
Livestock Transport A1 = 2 hours. Livestock
Transport A2 = 3 hours. Livestock Transport
A3 = 4 hours. Factor B = Anti Stress namely:
B1 = 2% palm sugar. B2 = 3% palm sugar. B3
= 4% palm sugar.
suddenly, too high, or too low, as the main
content of palm sugar is sucrose and then
glucose and fructose.
The chemical composition content of palm
sugar: 9.16% moisture, 84% sucrose, 0.11%
fat, 2.28% protein, 1.35% calcium, 1.37%
phosphorus, and when palm sugar specificity
compared with other sugars because they
contain levels of higher sucrose 84%, 20%
sugar cane, sugar beet 17% (Burhanuddin,
2005). Palm sugar is believed more lenient
towards the stomach or indigestion and
expedite metabolism (Susilowati, 2002).
Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen.
Glycogen is stored in the liver and a lot of
muscle. Glycogen any time reformed into
monosaccharides and serves as a source of
energy through glycogenolysis process.
Glucose and fatty acids can be absorbed by the
cells of intestinal wall and blood transport it to
the liver, then stored in the fatty tissue which
contained in the various layers and organs.
Glycogen is the stored as energy source that
will be converted back into glucose when
needed as energy. Some carbohydrates
eventually broken down into glucose or other
monosaccharides in the small intestine and
transported to the liver to be converted into
glycogen (Minka and Ayo, 2009).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Implementation of the research carried out for
35 days (28 days of maintenance and day to 2935 given treatment palm sugar in drinking
water at day 35 before transportation), the
amount of which as many as 162 transportation
broiler chickens shaped 'straight run' Cobb
Strain, obtained from the breeder in Sumedang
District. Palm sugar used in this study was
purchased a palm sugar makers farmer from the
village of Kakas Rinondor District.
Method of administration: Rations (TN-2)
given twice a day i.e. morning and afternoon
during the study, brown sugar mixed in
drinking water supplied ad libitum (300 mL
water + 20 grams or 2%, 300 mL + 30 grams,
or 3%, 300 mL + 40 grams or 4%) given for 8
days (2 days and 6 days pre-study research)
then do transportation for 2 hours, 3 hours and
4 hours treatments.
Broilers were randomly marked in accordance
with the treatment then included in the 24
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Influence Graph Blood Glucose Treatment of
Broiler Chickens.
Results of analysis of variance (Figure 1 and
Table 1) shows that the average blood glucose
broilers receiving drinking water containing
sugar palm (Arenga pinata) (G2), (G3), (G4)
significantly (P 0.05) on glycogen
levels in the blood (Figure 2). Provision of 2%
palm sugar in drinking water is good enough to
overcome the transport for 2 hours and up to 4
hours.
in drinking water can lead to differences on
blood glucose content due to long transport
(T2, T3, T4) in broiler chickens.
Table 1. Test BNJ Treatment Effect of Palm Sugar on the
Decrease of Blood Glucose.
Treatment Decrease Blood Glucose
G22.2
G22.3
G22.4
G33.2
G33.3
G33.4
G44.2
G44.3
G44.4
………….(mg/dL)….…....
7.11
7.91
8.75
5.40
7.55
5.96
7.91
5.37
4.72
Significance
0.05
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
ab
c
Description: Values with different letters significantly (P
0.05) on the
decline of blood glucose, but in single-use
brown sugar in the drinking water significantly
274
muscles, is used as a fuel reserve and outlined
through the process of glycogenolysis. On the
condition of cattle are stressed, circular system
can not carry oxygen and glucose into skeletal
muscle at speeds sufficient to meet the needs of
such a high muscle to ATP, in the
circumstances described glycogen quickly
through the process of glycolysis to form lactic
acid and ATP as an energy source high
(Lehninger, 1994; Aberle et al., 2001).
Table 2. Test BNJ Treatment Effect Of Palm Sugar
Levels in the Blood Glycogen
Treatment
Glycogen
G22.2
G22.3
G22.4
G33.2
G33.3
G33.4
G44.2
G44.3
G44.4
………….(mg/g)…….
120.27
125.70
130.34
120.43
128.97
126.84
121.19
125.84
127.02
Significance
0,05
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
CONCLUSIONS
Palm Sugar is a source of antioxidants that
supplementation into pre-transport drinking
water systems can reduce the stress level
biosecurity of broilers after transport.
Utilization of palm sugar in drinking water 2, 3
and 4 per cent to cope with changes to: blood
glucose decreased from 5.37 to 11.13 mg / dL,
and serves as an energy reserve or glycogen
from 120.27 to 130.34 mg / g, when purposes
of cell glucose increases followed the process
glyconeolysis decreasing glycogen reserves in
the liver and muscle of broiler chickens on a
long transport 2, 3 and 4 hours.
Description: Values with the same letter are not
significantly different (P> 0.05).
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Budinuryanto D.C., M.H. Hadiana, R.L. Balia, 2000.
Keamanan daging ayam lokal yang dipotong di pasar
tradisional dalam kaitannya dengan penerapan sistem
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP).
Laporan Hasil Penelitian Lembaga Penelitian
Universitas Padjadjaran dan Proyek ARMP II Badan
Litbang Pertanian.
Burhanuddin R., 2005. Prospek Pengembangan Usaha
Koperasi Dalam Produksi Gula Aren. Jakarta.
Gaspersz V., 1995. Teknis Analisis Dalam Penelitian
Percobaan. Ed ke-1. Tarsito Bandung.
Hutagalung H., 2004. Karbohidrat. Bagian Ilmu Gizi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatra Utara.
Kannan G., Terrill. T.H., Kouakou B., Gazal O.S.,
Gelaye S., Amoah E.A., S. Samake, 2000.
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Stress Responses and Liveweight Loss. J. Anim. Sci.
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Lehninger A., 1994. Dasar–Dasar Biokimia I. Penerbit
Erlangga Jakarta.
Figure 2. Effect of Treatment of Glycogen Graph Broiler
Chickens.
During avian activity, primary energy for
muscle contraction are glucose and fatty acids
from the blood (Wirahadikusumash, 1985). If
the muscles run out of the main energy source
in the form of carbohydrate energy reserves in
the form of glycogen or intramuscular muscle
glycogen utilized. Muscle glycogen is useful as
an indicator to evaluate the fatigue or stress on
livestock. Plasma glucose is one that is
commonly used as an indicator of physiological
stress in transportation. The stress of transport
has been reported cause an increase in plasma
glucose concentrations because the liver
glycogen breakdown (Kannan et al., 2000).
Increased plasma concentrations of glucose
mainly because glycolysis is associated with
increased
of
catecholamines
and
glucocorticoids released during stress transport
(Tadich et al., 2005).
Glycogen is formed through trajectory
glycogenesis then stored in the liver and in the
275
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Minka N.S.,J.O Ayo, 2009. Effects of Loading
Behaviour and Road Transport Stres on Traumatic
Injuries in Cattle Transported by Road During the
Hot-Dry Season. Life Sc. 107, p. 91–95.
Mubyarto I., 1982. Pengantar Ekonomi Pertanian.
Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penerangan Ekonomi
Sosial. PT Repro International. Jakarta.
Peungvicha P., 1998. Glycogen Methode Antrone
H2SO4. Bogor : FKH-IPB.
Sodikin E., 2010. Pengaruh Pemberian Propolis Lebah
Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Tikus Putih
Jantan
Galur
Wistar
Yang
Diinduksi
Alloxan,http://obatpropolis.com/pengaruhpemberian-propolis-lebahterhadap-kadar-glukosadarah.diakses tanggal.
Susilowati D., 2002. Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Untuk
Membuat Nata dengan Penambahan Gula aren.
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Teknik.
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Muhamadiyah
Surakarta.
Tadich N., H. Gallo., Bustamante M., Schawerter, G.
Van Schaik, 2005. Effect of Transport and lairage
Time on Some Blood Constituents of Friesien –Cross
Steers in Chile.Livest.Prod. Sci. 93, p. 223–233.
Wirahadikusumah M., 1985. Biokimia: Metabolisme
Energi, Karbohidrat dan Lipid. ITB Bandung.
276
SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE
Volume LVI, 2013
University of Agronomic Sciences
and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest
Faculty of Animal Science
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
SERIES D
ANIMAL SCIENCE
Volume LVI
2013
BucharesT
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
x Stelian ACATINCĂI - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat,
Timiúoara, Romania
x Vasco A.P. CADAVEZ - Departamento de Ciência Animal & Centro de Investigação de Montanha
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
(CIMO), Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança - Portugal Serghei CHILIMAR Academy of Agricultural Sciences - Republic of Moldova
Mioara COSTACHE - S.C.D.P. Nucet
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN - University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Georgeta DINIğĂ - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
Cătălin DRAGOMIR - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. - Baloteúti
Nicolae EREMIA - Agricultural State University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova
Horia GROSU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
Mihaela HĂBEANU - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. – Baloteúti
Mostafa A.R. IBRAHIM - University of Kafrelsheikh, Egipt
Ondrej KADLECÍK - Slovak Agricultural University Nitra, Slovacia
Yusuf KONCA - Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
Monica Paula MARIN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Romania
Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Romania
Mircea POP - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaúi, Romania
Agata POPESCU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
Elena POPESCU – MICLOùANU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Romania
ùtefan POPESCU - VIFOR - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Romania
Daniela RADU - S.C.D.P. Nucet
Paul Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Romania
Ilie VAN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania
EDITORIAL BOARD
General Editor: Prof. Ph.D. Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN
Executive Editor: Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Monica Paula MARIN
PUBLISHERS:
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Copyright 2013
To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Volume LVI, 2013
The publishers are not responsible for the content of the scientific papers and opinions published in the
Volume. They represent the authors’ point of view.
ISSN 2285-5750, ISSN-L 2285-5750
SUMMARY
GENETICS AND BREEDING
Identification of PIT-1 gen using PCR-RFLP and genetic evaluation of haching weight
using paternal halb sib on indegenous breed singing cockerel Pelung - Sri Bandiati Komar
PRAJOGA, Kundrat HIDAYAT, Perman IMAN ………………………………………………
Pastoralism and the Romanian history. Sheep breeds-people, languages, genes in
Northern Carpathians and Pannonia Basin - Condrea DRAGANESCU …………………..
History of genetic evaluation methods in dairy cattle I. Daughter-dam comparisons Horia GROSU, Sorin LUNGU, Pascal Anton OLTENACU ………………………….………
Genetic diversity of Karya and Çine Çapari sheep - Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim CEMAL,
Orhan KARACA, Nezih ATA, Semih SEVIM, Mehmet OZTURK …………………………...
Birth weights and growth performances of hair goat kids raised in Denizli province of
Turkey - Ibrahim CEMAL, Onur YILMAZ, Orhan KARACA ……………………………...
Study of genetic diversity of three Portuguese cattle breeds by 93 micro satellite
markers - Armandina ALMEIDA, José P. P. ARAÚJO, Ivica MEDUGORAC, Vasco A.P.
CADAVEZ ……………………………………………………………………………………
Calpastatin gene polymorphism in Çine Çapari and Karya sheep - Nezih ATA, Ibrahim
CEMAL …………………………………………………………………………………………
Genetic characterisation of populations of cattle of Holstein breed, cultivated in the
Republic of Moldova - Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Valentin FOKSHA ………………..
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NUTRITION
Chemical composition and nutritional value of the fodder grown in the conditions of
the Republic of Moldova - Larisa CAISIN, Vasile HAREA, Vasile VRANCEAN …………
The metabolic utilization of iron and copper in the young swine organism - Monica
MARIN, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU, Carmen NICOLAE, Georgeta DINITA, Iuliana
MARIN…………........................................................................................................................
Use of chrome trace for vital activities functions stimulation of Apis mellifera bee
colonies - Valentina CEBOTARI, I. TODERAS, I. BUZU, V. RUDIC …………………...
Effect of artificial molted brown laying hens on production of DHA enriched eggs Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Kiril FILEV, Vasil KOSTOV, Vesna LEVKOV ………………
Characteristic and growth pattern of Brachiaria humidicola cv. tully underneath
coconuts plantation - Selvie D. ANIS, M.A. CHOZIN, David A. KALIGIS ………………..
Investigation of L. monocytogenes – HEp-2 cells relationships by culture based and
microscopy tools - Marius Eduard CAPLAN, Lorena Andreea MATEESCU ……………...
Microelements and their chelate forms in nutrition of monogastric animals: a review Vidica STANAûEV, Nikola PUVAýA, Dragan MILIû, Vladislav STANAûEV, Milanka
DRINIû ………………………………………………………………………………………..
The effect of feeding intervals on the level of glucose, triglyceride, percentageof
abdominal fat and carcass quality on broiler chickens - Elvia HERNAWAN, Tuti
WIDJASTUTI …………………………………………………………………………………
Nutritive evaluation of ammoniated Benggala grass and fermented Sago waste - Ronny
A. V. TUTUROONG, SOEBARINOTO, HARTUTIK, Ch. KAUNANG ………..………….
A study on babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa celebensis) in tropical forest of Northern
part of Sulawesi - B. TULUNG, J.F. UMBOH, A.F. PENDONG …………………………
Effect of free choice feeding based on emmer, triticale and wheat to japanese quail
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) on performance, inner organs and intestinal viscosity Yusuf KONCA, Selma BÜYÜKKILIÇ BEYZI ……………………………………………..
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Protean nutrition optimization for cows with high milk production by using an
unproteic natrium source associated with energy and mineral supplements - Roxana
ARGHIRIADE, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Monica MARIN, TomiĠa DRĂGOTOIU, Izabela
OPREA ……...............................................................................................................................
Evaluation of fructan contents in the taproots of plants Lactuca serriola L. and Sonchus
oleraceus L. - Nadezhda PETKOVA, Panteley DENEV .........................................................
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REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY
Studies on improving local sheep breeds fertility in Egypt - Mostafa Abdel Rahman
IBRAHIM ……………………………………………………………………………………...
Dynamic studies in broiler chicken natural immune factors - Tsvetoslav KOYNARSKI,
Lilyan SOTIROV ……………………………………………………………………………..
Maintenance of reproductive health when using mexidolin the course of a sperm
cryopreservation - Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Ion
BALAN, Vladimir BUZAN, Nicolae ROùCA, Ion MEREUğA ……………………………..
Cervical insemination in Karya sheep - Orhan KARACA, Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim
CEMAL ………………………………………………………………………………………..
Molecular biology studies of protein synthesis and 45Ca transport in striated and
cardiac muscle of rabbits with experimental glandulardys functions - Flory REVNIC,
Bogdan PALTINEANU, Gabriel PRADA, Gabriel Ovidiu DINU, Speranta PRADA,
Cristian Romeo REVNIC, Cosmin ùONEA, Cătălina PENA ………………………………...
Researches regarding age, breed and collecting season influence in quality and quantity
boars semen - Paul-Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ, Alexandru ùONEA, Alexandru IANCU, Elena
MITRĂNESCU ……………………………………………………………………………….
Milk quantity and quality in a dairy unit-study case - Paul-Rodian TAPALOAGA ……..
Improving repeat breeder cows fertility byestrus synchronization: comparison of PRID
+ PGF2ALFA + GnRH and GnRH+ PGF2ALFA + GnRH protocols - Osman ERGENE …….
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TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
The effect of using Pietrain breed on improving carcass quality on pigs - Ilie ROTARU .
Breeding Holstein or Norwegian Red in Albania? - Ylli BIÇOKU, Kujtim GJONI ……...
Study regarding reproductive isolation in Romanian sport horse from Jegălia studfarm Mariana VODĂ, Gheorghe MĂRGINEAN ………………………………..…………………
Research regarding evolution of heavy weight of young ramsin Teleorman’s Black
Head sheep - Andi FIğA, Ion CĂLIN ……………………………………………………….
The utilization of fast food waste product on the protein efficiency ration of local male
duck - Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Hery SUPRATMAN, Sjafril DARANA, Anggana
KHATULISTIWA …………………………………………………………………………….
Dairy sector in Albania - challenges and perspectives - Ylli BIÇOKU, Merita URUÇI …
Great bustard restocking in Eurasia - Cristina GARLEA, Marcel Th.
PARASCHIVESCU, Florin RADU …………………………………………………………..
The pollution level of teniosis in shepherds and impact of some of them in apparition
and development of cenuriosis focus points in young sheep - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara
MIREùAN, Grigore ONACIU, Camelia RĂDUCU, Flore CHIRILĂ, Zamfir MARCHIù,
Octavia NEGREA ……………………………………………………………………………..
Some aspects concerning the incidence of podal disorders in cattle reared and
maintained in free system - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara MIREùAN, Grigore ONACIU,
Camelia RĂDUCU, Liviu OANA, Flore CHIRILĂ, Adriana CRISTE, Zamfir MARCHIù …
The umbilical ring of ruminants, natural gate for transponder implant into the
preperitoneal space - Sorin LUNGU, Anca LUNGU, Horia GROSU ………………………
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Study about influence of feed parameters on slaughtering performances in certificate type broilers - Ioan CUSTURĂ, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Minodora
TUDORACHE, Elena POPESCU-MICLOùANU, Livia VIDU ……………………………...
Research on influence of nutritional parameters on unit costs in bio type broiler
carcasses - Minodora TUDORACHE, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Ioan CUSTURĂ,
Elena POPESCU-MICLOùANU, Livia VIDU ………………………………………………..
Researches concerning total water content of broiler - Maria Antoaneta POPA ………….
Cattle and small ruminant breeding activities in Turkey - Ali Murat TATAR, Muhittin
TUTKUN, Halit Deniz SIRELI ……………………………………………………………….
Study on density in shelter and the effect of a vitamin-mineral selenium premix in
young quails of the Baloteúti population - Lucian IONIğĂ, Elena POPESCU MICLOùANU, Consuela ROIBU …………………………………………………………….
Research on bee keeping development in the Southern Romania – a questionaire based
survey - Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ……………………………………………...
Considerations on the C.E.E.Cs’ position in the EU-27 poultry meat production and
foreign trade - Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ………………………………………
Comparative study of the qualities of cows from Moldovian type of Black Spotted and
Red of Steppe breeds - Serghei CHILIMAR ………………………………………………..
The effect of Spirulina sp. population densities toward reduction of BOD5 and COD of
beef cattle slurry - Tubagus Benito Achmad KURNANI, Yuli Astuti HIDAYATI, Eulis
Tanti MARLINA ……………………………………………………………………………..
Palm sugar (Arenga pinata) implementation as biosecurity pre-transportation system on
blood glucose and glycogen on broiler - Fredy J. NANGOY, S. DARANA, L. ADRIANI,
T. WIDJASTUTI, P. EDIANINGSIH, H.A.W. LENGKEY …………………………………
Partial results regarding the exploitation and morpho-productive traits for Alpina
breed goats in South of the country - Iulian VLAD, Marius MAFTEI, Daniela
IANITCHI, Mirela STANCIU, Andi FITA ………………………………………………….
Using feed additive (complex symbiotic) in stimulating feeding of bees - Nicolae
EREMIA ……………………………………………………………………………………….
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TECHNOLOGIES OF THE AGRO FOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSING
Development of heat-stable fruit fillings using gellan gum as stabilizer - Janna
CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL, Lidia PARSHAKOVA ………………………………….
Fermentation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse hydrolyzate by Pichia
stipitis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis to ethanol - Ratu SAFITRI, In-In
HANIDAH, Toto SUBROTO ………………………………………………………………..
Blood glucose and triglycerideprofile using Alpinia galanga (L.) /lengkuas juice - Lovita
ADRIANI ……………………………………………………………………………..
Hydrolysis of sago pith powder (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in enzymatic and
fermentation of hydrolyzate by Pichia stipitis CBS 5773, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D1/P3GI, and Zymomonas mobilis FNCC 0056 to ethanol - Ratu SAFITRI, Abi WIYONO
Sparkling wine quality in a Romanian wine processing unit-study case - Dana
TAPALOAGA …………………………………………………………………………….......
A better start in bread quality-ultra fiber and other plant ingredients - Dana
TAPALOAGA ………………………………………………………………………………...
Particularities regarding processing technology in a catering unit - Carmen Daniela
PETCU …………………………………………………………………………………….......
Researches concerning some meat products control in a specialized unit - Carmen
Daniela PETCU ……………………………………………………………………………….
A way to prevent syneresis in fruit fillings prepared with gellan gum - Janna
CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL …………………………………………………………….
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WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT, FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE
Helminth communities of fishes from the river Danube and lake Srebarna, Bulgaria Diana KIRIN, Vladimira HANZELOVÁ, Sonya SHUKEROVA, Stefan HRISTOV,
Ludmila TURCEKOVÁ, Marta SPAKULOVA ……………………………………………..
Biodiversity and ecological appraisal of the freshwater ecosystem of the river Arda,
Bulgaria - D. KIRIN, V. HANZELOVÁ, S. SHUKEROVA, S. HRISTOV, ď.
TURýEKOVÁ, M. SPAKULOVA, T. BARCIOVÁ …………………………………………
Daphnia test – a shortcut for human health protection assessment - Rodne NASTOVA,
Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Vasil KOSTOV …………………………………………………….
Examination of content of heavy metals and pesticides in fish in the accumulation
Strezevo in the Republic of Macedonia - Rodne NASTOVA, Vasil KOSTOV, Natasha
GJORGOVSKA ………………………………………………………………………………
Genetic evaluation in a population of Frasinet cyprinids used for selection to maximize
meat production - Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Horia GROSU, Mioara COSTACHE,
Monica MARIN, Daniela RADU, Alin BÂDILITA, Victor NI܉Ă ……………………….
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TECHNOLOGIES
OF ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY
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Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science. Vol. LVI
ISSN 2285-5750; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5769; ISSN-L 2285-5750
PALM SUGAR (Arenga pinata) IMPLEMENTATION AS BIOSECURITY
PRE-TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND
GLYCOGEN ON BROILER
Fredy J. NANGOY1, S. DARANA1, L. ADRIANI2, T. WIDJASTUTI2, P. EDIANINGSIH2,
H.A.W. LENGKEY2
1
2
Sam Ratulangi University, 95 115, Manado, Indonesia
Padjadjaran University Bandung, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, Indonesia
Corresponding author email: lovita_yoghurt@yahoo.co.id
Abstract
Transport of broiler chicken pen to the slaughterhouse can lead to stress. Transportation stress substantially
unavoidable, but it does not mean that the negative effects of stress can not be reduced. Efforts to suppress the
detrimental effects of stress alternative transportation one can do with management prior to transportation, through
provision of drinking water containing palm sugar (Arenga pinata). The objective of the study is to obtained the
implementation and delivery of palm sugar pre-transportation to maintain the stability of broilers performance. The
study was conducted on thirty five days in the Sumedang, West Java Indonesia. The transportation routes are held from
the village carried Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag or 2 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag Cipadung - Tanjungkarta - Cipadung - Nagrag or 3 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag - Cipadung Nagrag - Congeang - Nagrag or 4 hours. Each car transport speed 50-60 km/hour. Research carried out by using the
method of factorial experimental design Completely Randomized Experiment 3 x 3 x 3, Statistical tests performed to the
influence of variance and differences between treatments were examined using different test real honest. A factor is the
transportation of animal with three replications, namely A1 is a 2 hour transportation, A2 is a 3 hour transportation, A3
is a 4 hour transportation ; anti stress factor B with three replications, namely B1 is palm sugar 2%, B2 is palm sugar
3%, B3 palm sugar 4%. The study found that by implementation of palm sugar in different rations and drinking water
makes a decreased of blood glucose ranges from 4.72 up to 8.75 mg/dL, glycogen ranges from 120.27 up to 130.34
mg/g.
Key words: Palm sugar, transport stress, performance production, broiler chickens.
way until the end of the journey is still obtained
optimal performance. Transport to be one of
the major factors in trading system is as well as
the storage and processing of livestock
(Mubyarto, 1982).
Palm sugar as a source of glucose is the energy
source of non-ruminant livestock or energy for
living organisms, and is absorbed in the
bloodstream through the digestive tract.
Disaccharide, sucrose or simultaneously
absorbed more quickly as glucose and fructose
when broken down in the 'brush border'
intestinal mucosal cells. Some glucose goes
into fuel and then to the brain cells, while the
rest to the liver and muscles to be stored as
glycogen or animal starch and fat cells are
stored as fat. Glycogen is stored in energy
source to be converted back into glucose when
energy is needed more. Palm sugar release
energy slowly or slow energy release, so there
will be an increase or decrease in blood sugar
INTRODUCTION
Transportation of broiler chickens stricken
areas of origin destination can cause stress.
Factors that could be cause stress during
transport, among others, mileage, time,
duration, effects of temperature and humidity
during transport. Stress transportation of broiler
can make negative effects that cause high
shrinkage of weight and slowing even cessation
of body weight gain after arriving at the
location
of
dismantling
and
cutting
(Budinuryanto et al., 2000). There are several
things can do to reduce the negative effects of
transportation stress, namely: provision of
adequate nutrition ration before transportation,
selection of broilers before transport, density of
broiler chickens in a box, setting ventilation
and transport time. One function to maintain
the biological safety of poultry especially
broilers are ready to cut the traffic control
system regarding biosecurity, so that all the
272
boxes were made from a mixture of bamboo
and wood box that has provided 432 broilers.
Each box contained 9 broilers for 2 hour
transportation research, and has three times
replication, and also for 3 hours transportation
and 4 hours of transportation.
Treatment of broiler chickens fed palm sugar in
water, marked and observed in accordance with
existing treatments. The number of broiler cut
54 heads for analyzing the glycogen (liver) 27
heads palm sugar in drinking water (each
replication were taken one broiler chicks), the
number of treatment studies carried as many as
18 boxes with 162 broiler chickens.
Each treatment unit then marked according to
randomized treatment has worn so well treated
animals had marked. Placement on the car
already randomized treatment according to the
serial number on the car is sort from front to
back and so on until the top. Variables
measured: Decrease in glycogen (mg / g),
obtained from liver samples at the end of the
study,
and
analyzed
the
laboratory
(Peungvicha, 1998); decrease in blood glucose
(mg / dl), obtained from blood samples
beginning with the final blood sample. Blood
samples were obtained before the beginning of
transportation while final blood sample after
transport. Blood sampling on the wing vein
with the smallest needle (venojec) heparin the
blood does not build up (Barham and Tinder,
1972.).
The study was conducted using a completely
randomized design Factorial Experiments 3 x 3
(Gaspersz, 1995). A factor is the transportation
of livestock, anti-stress factor B with three
replications. Factor A = Transport namely:
Livestock Transport A1 = 2 hours. Livestock
Transport A2 = 3 hours. Livestock Transport
A3 = 4 hours. Factor B = Anti Stress namely:
B1 = 2% palm sugar. B2 = 3% palm sugar. B3
= 4% palm sugar.
suddenly, too high, or too low, as the main
content of palm sugar is sucrose and then
glucose and fructose.
The chemical composition content of palm
sugar: 9.16% moisture, 84% sucrose, 0.11%
fat, 2.28% protein, 1.35% calcium, 1.37%
phosphorus, and when palm sugar specificity
compared with other sugars because they
contain levels of higher sucrose 84%, 20%
sugar cane, sugar beet 17% (Burhanuddin,
2005). Palm sugar is believed more lenient
towards the stomach or indigestion and
expedite metabolism (Susilowati, 2002).
Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen.
Glycogen is stored in the liver and a lot of
muscle. Glycogen any time reformed into
monosaccharides and serves as a source of
energy through glycogenolysis process.
Glucose and fatty acids can be absorbed by the
cells of intestinal wall and blood transport it to
the liver, then stored in the fatty tissue which
contained in the various layers and organs.
Glycogen is the stored as energy source that
will be converted back into glucose when
needed as energy. Some carbohydrates
eventually broken down into glucose or other
monosaccharides in the small intestine and
transported to the liver to be converted into
glycogen (Minka and Ayo, 2009).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Implementation of the research carried out for
35 days (28 days of maintenance and day to 2935 given treatment palm sugar in drinking
water at day 35 before transportation), the
amount of which as many as 162 transportation
broiler chickens shaped 'straight run' Cobb
Strain, obtained from the breeder in Sumedang
District. Palm sugar used in this study was
purchased a palm sugar makers farmer from the
village of Kakas Rinondor District.
Method of administration: Rations (TN-2)
given twice a day i.e. morning and afternoon
during the study, brown sugar mixed in
drinking water supplied ad libitum (300 mL
water + 20 grams or 2%, 300 mL + 30 grams,
or 3%, 300 mL + 40 grams or 4%) given for 8
days (2 days and 6 days pre-study research)
then do transportation for 2 hours, 3 hours and
4 hours treatments.
Broilers were randomly marked in accordance
with the treatment then included in the 24
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Influence Graph Blood Glucose Treatment of
Broiler Chickens.
Results of analysis of variance (Figure 1 and
Table 1) shows that the average blood glucose
broilers receiving drinking water containing
sugar palm (Arenga pinata) (G2), (G3), (G4)
significantly (P 0.05) on glycogen
levels in the blood (Figure 2). Provision of 2%
palm sugar in drinking water is good enough to
overcome the transport for 2 hours and up to 4
hours.
in drinking water can lead to differences on
blood glucose content due to long transport
(T2, T3, T4) in broiler chickens.
Table 1. Test BNJ Treatment Effect of Palm Sugar on the
Decrease of Blood Glucose.
Treatment Decrease Blood Glucose
G22.2
G22.3
G22.4
G33.2
G33.3
G33.4
G44.2
G44.3
G44.4
………….(mg/dL)….…....
7.11
7.91
8.75
5.40
7.55
5.96
7.91
5.37
4.72
Significance
0.05
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
ab
c
Description: Values with different letters significantly (P
0.05) on the
decline of blood glucose, but in single-use
brown sugar in the drinking water significantly
274
muscles, is used as a fuel reserve and outlined
through the process of glycogenolysis. On the
condition of cattle are stressed, circular system
can not carry oxygen and glucose into skeletal
muscle at speeds sufficient to meet the needs of
such a high muscle to ATP, in the
circumstances described glycogen quickly
through the process of glycolysis to form lactic
acid and ATP as an energy source high
(Lehninger, 1994; Aberle et al., 2001).
Table 2. Test BNJ Treatment Effect Of Palm Sugar
Levels in the Blood Glycogen
Treatment
Glycogen
G22.2
G22.3
G22.4
G33.2
G33.3
G33.4
G44.2
G44.3
G44.4
………….(mg/g)…….
120.27
125.70
130.34
120.43
128.97
126.84
121.19
125.84
127.02
Significance
0,05
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
CONCLUSIONS
Palm Sugar is a source of antioxidants that
supplementation into pre-transport drinking
water systems can reduce the stress level
biosecurity of broilers after transport.
Utilization of palm sugar in drinking water 2, 3
and 4 per cent to cope with changes to: blood
glucose decreased from 5.37 to 11.13 mg / dL,
and serves as an energy reserve or glycogen
from 120.27 to 130.34 mg / g, when purposes
of cell glucose increases followed the process
glyconeolysis decreasing glycogen reserves in
the liver and muscle of broiler chickens on a
long transport 2, 3 and 4 hours.
Description: Values with the same letter are not
significantly different (P> 0.05).
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