Urban Design Assignment 2

Assessment
 2:
 Urban
 Design
 -­‐
 15222
 
David
 Hull
 -­‐
 02043622
 

 
UAP
 Elements
 
• What
 are
 the
 distinct

 elements
 of
 land
 use
 allocation
 and
 transport
 
provision
 evident
 in
 the
 UAP?
 
 
• How
  are
  higher
  density
  built

  form
  typologies
  and
  open
  space
  areas
 
integrated
 within
 the
 UAP?
 
• What
 would
 be
 the
 benefits
 of
 these
 strategies

 for
 the
 UAP
 and
 its
 
surroundings?
 
 

 
The
  vision
  of
  Wentworth
  Point
  is
  to
  contribute
  to

  the
  growing
 
population
  of
  the
  region,
  through
  high-­‐density
  sustainable
  living
  that
 
embraces
  it’s
  environmental
  location
  and
  acts
  as

  an
  extension
  of
  the
 
existing
 surrounding
 activated
 precincts
 (Wentworth
 Point
 Precinct
 DCP
 
2014,
 page
 4.)
 
 
 

 
The
  method
  of
  land
  use
  allocation
  revolves
  around
  three
  key
 
components;
  stakeholders,
  limitations
  of
  the
  precinct
  and

  viable
  options
 
(FAO
 Corporate
 Document
 Repository,
 1995).
 
 The
 elements
 of
 land
 use
 
allocation
 are
 clearly
 defined
 in

 the
 UAP
 and
 can
 be
 broken
 up
 into
 the
 
precinct
  landscape
  and
  buildings,
  public
  spaces,
  streets
  and
  transport
 

provisions.
 
  The
  objective
  of
  this
  report
  is
  to
  use
  the
  above
  three
 
components
  to
  justify
  whether
  the
  strategies

  in
  place
  align
  with
  the
 
vision
 for
 the
 future
 of
 Wentworth
 Point,
 or
 whether
 these
 elements
 of
 
land

 allocation
 can
 be
 improved
 upon.
 
 
 

 
The
 building
 forms
 comprise
 of
 high
 density,
 small,
 medium
 to
 high-­‐rise
 
housing,
 strategically
 allocated
 to
 manage
 the
 growing
 population
 of
 the
 
region
 and
 increase
 housing
 choice,
 which
 is
 a
 fundamental
 objective
 of
 
the
  DCP
  (Wentworth
  Point
  Precinct
  DCP
  2014,
  page
  4.).
 
  The
  land
 
allocation
 of
 the
 western
 and
 eastern
 residential
 precincts
 is
 strategically
 
divided
  to
  evenly
  benefit
  from
  the
  retail
  and
  community
  buildings
 
located
  in
  the
  village
  centre.
 
  The
  land
  allocation,
  combined
  with
  the
 
variety
  of
  scale
  of
  the
  building
  form,
  strategically
  meets
  the
  DCP
 
objective
  to
  create
  an
  innovative
  and
  dynamic
  urban
  environment
  of
 
high
  quality
  living,
  whist
  also
  creating
  distinct,
  high-­‐density
  urban
 
communities.
 
  The
  plaza
  with
  retail
  buildings
  activate
  the
  waterfront
 
with
 outdoor
 dining
 and
 meet
 the
 DCP’s
 strategy
 to
 enhance
 the
 natural
 
setting
 along
 Homebush
 Bay
 and
 create
 high
 quality
 places.
 
 In
 analysing
 

the
  two
  residential
  precincts
  based
  on
  stakeholders,
  limitations
  and
 
viable
  options;
  I
  believe
  the
  western
  residential
  neighbourhood
  is
 
disadvantaged
  being
  isolated
  from
  the
  heavily
  activated
  peninsula
  and
 
waterfront
  plaza
  on
  the
  eastern
  foreshore.
 
  Although
  the
  Parramatta
 
River
 foreshore
 path
 serves
 it’s
 purpose
 of
 accessing
 the
 Sydney
 Olympic
 
Park
  Ferry
  Wharf,
  it
  could
  benefit
  from
  further
  activation
  such
  as
 
outdoor
  dining
  and
  retail
  which
  makes
  the
  Homebush
  Bay
  foreshore
 
path
 so
 well
 designed.
 
 
 
 
 

 
Pocket
  parks
  are
  distributed
  through
  the
  two
  defined
  residential
 
precincts
 as
 well
 as
 open
 spaced
 corridors
 providing
 accessibility
 to
 the
 
waterfront.
 
  The
  pockets
  of
  park
  areas
  strategically
  break
  up
  the
  density
 
of
  the
  residential
  region,
  reducing
  congestion
  of
  housing
  and
 
aesthetically
  improving
  the
  precinct.
 
  The
  relationship
  between
  the
 
buildings
  and
  corridors
  successfully
  encompasses
  the
  DCP
  vision
  to
 
embrace
  its
  position
  along
  the
  Parramatta
  River,
  as
  well
  as
  providing
 
access
  to
  the
  Parramatta
  River
  and
  Homebush
  Bay
  foreshore
  and
  ferry
 
wharf.
 
 There
 is
 limited
 open
 space
 within
 the
 higher
 density
 built
 form
 
typology
  of
  the
  eastern
  neighbourhood,
  however
  this
  can
  justified
  being
 
surrounded
  by
  the
  Peninsula
  Park
  and
  recreation
  areas,
  public
  school
 
and
  playing
  fields.
 
  Further
  emphasis
  on
  trees
  lining
  the
  streets
  and
 
greenery
  within
  the
  eastern
  neighbourhood
  could
  help
  improve
  the
 
natural
  environmental
  aesthetics
  that
  the
  pocket
  parks
  bring
  to
  its
 
western
 neighbour.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Streets
  and
  transport
  provisions
  is
  a
  key
  area
  of
  concern
  raised
  in
  public
 
submissions
  regarding
  the
  Wentworth
  DCP,
  with
  particular
  focus
  on
 
parking,
  traffic,
  public
  transport
  and
  pedestrian
  and
  cycle
  access
  which
 
are
  all
  a
  bi-­‐product
  of
  high
  density
  housing
  (NSW
  Department
  of
 
Planning
  &
  Infrastructure,
  page
  6).
 
  The
  primary
  objective
  for
  the
  UAP
 
should
  be
  to
  manage
  public
  transport
  inefficiencies
  for
  stakeholders,
 
thereby
  reducing
  the
  reliance
  of
  private
  vehicles.
 
  Besides
  widening
 
roads
  and
  assuring
  street
  parking
  is
  on
  all
  local
  streets
  throughout
  the
 
residential
  precincts,
  alleviating
  traffic
  and
  parking
  concerns
  is
  best
 
managed
  through
  the
  public
  transport
  network.
 
 
 
  Additional
  ferry
 
services
  and
  extended
  hours
  of
  operation
  for
  buses
  will
  achieve
  this
 
objective,
  as
  well
  as
  improve
  the
  connectivity
  with
  the
  neighbouring
 
precincts,
 being
 a
 fundamental
 objective
 of
 the
 DCP.
 
 Extending
 already
 
existing
  pedestrian
  and
  cycle
  lanes
  and
  improving
  bicycle
  undercover
 
protection
  and
  security
  around
  the
  public
  transport
  hubs,
  will
  improve
 

the
  connectivity
  and
  accessibility
  for
  stakeholders
  and
  reduce
  their
 
reliance
 on
 private
 vehicles.
 
 Assuring
 the
 activation
 and
 lighting
 of
 open
 
space
  corridors
  and
  foreshore
  paths
  will
  also
  improve
  connectivity
  for
 
stakeholders
 other
 than
 cars.
 
 
 

 
The
 successful
 integration
 of
 high
 density
 built
 forms,
 open
 spaces
 and
 
street
  and
  transport
  provisions
  contribute
  to
  the
  vision
  of
  the
 
Wentworth
 DCP.
 
 An
 increase
 of
 high-­‐density
 living
 will
 always
 impact
 on
 
the
 natural
 environment
 of
 the
 surrounding
 area
 and
 the
 quality
 of
 living
 
for
  the
  residence.
 
 “We
  must
  provide
  facilities
  for
  recreation,
  reset
  and
 
relaxation
  that
  are
  available
  to
  all
  citizens
  in
  every
  walk
  of
  life.
  We
  must
 
consider
 the
 urban
 citizen
 who
 wants
 his
 recreation
 within
 the
 city.
 We
 
must,
 in
 particular,
 consider
 the
 pressing
 need
 of
 the
 low-­‐income
 families
 
living
 amid
 the
 congestion,
 noise,
 drabness,
 and
 unbroken
 monotony
 of
 
asphalt
 and
 brick
 characteristic
 of
 the
 deprived
 areas
 of
 our
 cities.
 Here,
 
obviously,
  we
  have
  the
  greatest
  deficit
  of
  green
  space
  and
  recreational
 
facilities.”
 Seymour
 Jr.
 W.
 page
 3.
 
 

 
Public
 Realm
 
 
• What
  are
  the
  specific
  strategies
  applied
  to
  creating
  a
  meaningful
 
public
 realm?
 
• What
  are
  the
  successful
  and
  less
  successful
  urban
  design
 
elements
 of
 the
 public
 realm?
 

 
The
  primary
  focus
  of
  public
  realms
  should
  be
  on
  how
  people
  interact
 
with
 their
 surrounding
 environment;
 ARC,
 page
 1.
 
 The
 public
 realms
 of
 
the
  Wentworth
  DCP
  include
  the
  streets
  and
  pathways,
  open
  spaces,
 
parks
 and
 pocket
 parks,
 as
 well
 as
 the
 public
 buildings
 and
 facilities.
 
 
 

 
Sustainable
 design
 strategies
 to
 improve
 streetscapes
 within
 the
 context
 
of
  a
  public
  realm
  focus
  on
  aesthetics,
  connectivity,
  health
  and
  social
 
functionality,
  while
  also
  optimizing
  local
  economic
  trade.
 
  Streets
  and
 
pathways
  within
  the
  Wentworth
  DCP
  succeed
  on
  an
  aesthetic
  level
  by
 
introducing
  tree
  lines
  and
  landscaped
  gardens
  wherever
  possible
  that
 
divide
 the
 high
 level
 built
 form.
 
 On
 a
 functional
 level,
 pathways
 are
 wide
 
to
  promote
  foot
  traffic
  and
  include
  street
  furniture
  (benches)
  for
 
convenience.
 
 The
 majority
 of
 streets
 include
 cycle
 paths
 to
 reduce
 the
 
community’s
  reliance
  on
  private
  vehicles
  whilst
  optimizing
  space
  on
 
both
 sides
 of
 the
 street
 for
 parallel
 parking.
 
 Shop
 frontages
 and
 awnings
 
are
  easily
  visible
  and
  accessible
  to
  promote
  the
  economic
  landscape.
 
 

Safety
  it
  prioritized
  with
  site
  access
  for
  emergency
  vehicles,
  wide
  and
 
flat
 pathways
 and
 both
 street
 and
 pedestrian
 lighting.
 

 
Within
  the
  high-­‐density
  residential
  precincts,
  parking
  will
  always
  be
 
limited
  and
  the
  DCP
  public
  realm
  streetscape
  has
  not
  done
  enough
  to
 
manage
 demand.
 
 Streets
 are
 not
 equipped
 to
 handle
 traffic
 congestion
 
with
  limited
  road
  access
  points,
  further
  emphasized
  on
  weekends
  and
 
during
 public
 events
 at
 Olympic
 Park.
 
 Besides
 widening
 streets,
 the
 best
 
means
  to
  reduce
  the
  pressure
  of
  the
  existing
  road
  network
  is
  better
 
public
  transport
  connectivity,
  extended
  hours
  of
  operation
  and
 
regularity.
 
 
 

 
The
 open
 spaces,
 parks
 and
 pocket
 parks
 and
 natural
 corridors
 are
 a
 well
 
thought
  out
  asset
  of
  the
  Wentworth
  DCP
  public
  realm.
  “It
  is
  the
 
redevelopment
  of
  the
  smaller
  parks,
  reserves
  and
  street
  closures
  that
 
makes
  a
  difference
  to
  the
  local
  community.”,
  Jasprizza,
  R,
  page
  292-­‐294.
 
 
They
  are
  strategically
  designed
  in
  a
  manner
  that
  is
  visually
  appealing,
 
practical,
  connected
  and
  sustainable,
  while
  responding
  to
  the
 
recreational
 needs
 of
 the
 community.
 
 The
 quality
 landscape
 design
 and
 
positioning
  of
  the
  pocket
  parks
  influence
  the
  character
  and
  image
  of
  the
 
public
 realm,
  whilst
 creating
 a
 positive
 impact
 on
 the
 health,
 wellbeing
 
and
  social
  interaction
  of
  the
  residence.
 
  The
  parks
  are
  multi-­‐functional
 
and
  adaptable
  to
  the
  needs
  of
  the
  residence,
  particularly
  around
  the
 
eastern
 peninsula,
 which
 promotes
 interaction
 for
 a
 wider
 demographic.
 
 
The
  peninsula
  park
  and
  wetlands
  in
  particular
  promote
  environmental
 
sustainability,
  biodiversity
  and
  connection
  with
  the
  natural
  landscape,
 
which
 was
 an
 objective
 of
 the
 DCP.
 
 
 

 
 
The
 less
 successful
 elements
 of
 public
 realm
 in
 relation
 to
 the
 parks
 and
 
open
 spaces
 could
 focus
 on
 the
 wetlands
 area,
 whist
 being
 aesthetically
 
appealing,
  it
  may
  not
  meet
  the
  needs
  of
  the
  recreational
  demands
  for
 
the
  local
  residence.
 
  The
  financial
  sustainability
  of
  the
  open
  parks
  and
 
recreational
  areas
  is
  critical
  and
  may
  need
  to
  be
  addressed,
  to
  ensure
 
sustainable
  ongoing
  maintenance
  costs
  and
  achieve
  projected
 life
 cycles
 
(Public
 Realm
 –
 Urban
 Design
 Guidelines,
 Page
 23)
 

 
Public
 buildings
 and
 facilities
 have
 been
 well
 addressed,
 with
 particular
 
attention
  around
  the
  Ferry
  Wharf,
  foreshore
  walks
  and
  the
  maritime
 
plaza.
 
  The
  foreshore
  walks
  are
  strategically
  activated
  to
  improve
 
accessibility
  to
  the
  ferry
  wharf
  as
  well
  as
  connection
  between
  the
  two
 

residential
 precincts.
 
 The
 Homebush
 Bay
 foreshore
 and
 maritime
 plaza
 
strategically
 activates
 the
 space
 to
 create
 social
 interaction,
 exemplified
 
by
  the
  rowing
  and
  yacht
  club
  facilities.
 
  The
  connectivity
  of
  the
  ferry
 
wharf
  is
  a
  less
  successful
  element
  of
  the
  public
  realm,
  with
  no
  bicycle
 
storage
  facilities,
  limited
  parking
  and
  poorly
  synchronized
  connections
 
with
 the
 bus
 transport.
 
 The
 DCP
 also
 does
 not
 address
 public
 buildings
 
such
 as
 a
 library
 or
 community
 halls.
 
 
 

 
Investing
 in
 quality
 public
 places
 is
 essential
 for
 a
 well-­‐balanced,
 socially
 
inclusive
 community
 and
 boosts
 confidence
 for
 an
 area.
 
 A
 high
 standard
 
of
  public
  realms
  stimulate
  growth
  in
  the
  visitor
  economy,
  increase
  the
 
price
 of
 property
 as
 well
 as
 the
 income
 and
 profit
 for
 local
 businesses.
 
 

 
Health
 and
 Public
 Safety
 
• What
 types
 of
 design
 solutions
 have
 been
 suggested
 to
 improve
 
public
 health
 and
 safety?
 
 

 
Design
  solutions
  of
  the
  DCP
  revolve
  around
  outdoor
  living
  and
  a
 
connection
 with
 the
 natural
 environment.
 
 Green
 infrastructure
 and
 the
 
connection
  between
  residential
  built
  forms
  and
  green
  open
  spaces
 
emphasize
 health
 and
 safety
 and
 community
 living
 and
 engagement.
 
 

 
The
 Wentworth
 DCP
 uses
 principles
 recommended
 in
 Crime
 Prevention
 
through
  Environmental
  Design
  (CPTED)
  to
  mitigate
  antisocial
  behavior
 
(Wentworth
  Point
  Precinct
  DCP
  2014,
  page
  30).
 
  Such
  design
  solutions
 
include;
 
• Casual
 surveillance
 in
 all
 public
 realms,
 
 
• Adequate
 lighting
 on
 streets
 and
 walkway
 
• Maximizing
  visibility
  into
  building
  entrances
  and
  ground
  floor
 
dwelling
 fronts.
 
• Where
  possible,
  buildings
  are
  designed
  with
  glass
  panels
  and
 
openings
  so
  lifts,
  lobbies
  and
  openings
  are
  clearly
  visible
  from
 
public
 domains.
 

 
Safety
  has
  been
  heightened
  with
  improvements
  made
  to
  the
 
connectivity
  of
  public
  transport,
  such
  as
  synchronizing
  timetables
  of
 
trains,
 buses
 and
 ferries.
 
 
 In
 the
 design
 of
 streets
 and
 built
 forms,
 safety
 
is
 prioritized
 with
 site
 access
 for
 emergency
 vehicles
 and
 allocated
 speed
 
zones
 in
 relevant
 areas
 (schools,
 high
 density
 housing
 areas,
 etc)
 
 
 

 

As
 mentioned
 previously
 and
 in
 relation
 to
 public
  health,
  wide
  pathways
 
and
 cycle
 paths
 are
 evident
 to
 optimize
 foot
 traffic
 and
 activity,
 reducing
 
the
  reliance
  of
  private
  vehicles
  for
  connectivity.
 
  The
  foreshore
  is
 
activated
  and
  designed
  to
  promote
  health
  and
  walkability.
 
  Parks
  and
 
open-­‐spaces
  are
  multi-­‐functional
  with
  recreational
  spaces
  to
  promote
 
outdoor
 living,
 as
 well
 as
 the
 rowing
 and
 yacht
 club
 to
 emphasize
 sport
 
and
 physical
 activity.
 
 
 
 

 
Green
 Infrastructure
 
 
• What
 are
 the
 green
 infrastructure
 (landscaping,
 trees,
 vertical
 
gardens/green
 roof
 and
 urban
 food
 production)
 and
 
recommendations
 for
 creating
 a
 better
 quality
 of
 urban
 living?
 
 

 
The
 vision
 of
 the
 DCP
 is
 to
 embrace
 the
 locality
 and
 natural
 environment
 
has
  been
  achieved
  by
  limiting
  the
  impact
  on
  the
  waterfront,
  wetlands
 
and
 already
 existing
 natural
 settings.
 
 
 Typologies
 of
 green
 infrastructure
 
are
  evident
  throughout
  the
  DCP,
  with
  the
  landscaping
  of
  tree-­‐lined
 
streets,
 the
 abundance
 of
 open
 spaces
 and
 activation
 of
 the
 waterfront.
 
 
 

 
Where
  practical
  the
  streets
  are
  lined
  with
  trees
  and
  green
  gardens,
 
which
 strategically
 break
 up
 the
 built
 forms
 in
 high-­‐density
 areas.
 
 Green
 
infrastructure
  is
  evident
  in
  the
  pocket
  parks
  and
  open
  linear
  spaces
 
(corridors),
 creating
 a
 natural
 connectivity
 between
 the
 residential
 built
 
forms
 and
 the
 activated
 waterfront.
 
 
 

 
The
 landscaping
 of
 the
 foreshore
 includes
 trees
 and
 natural
 gardens
 to
 
promote
  an
  emotional
  connection
  between
  the
  residence
  and
  the
 
natural
  environment.
 
  The
  recreation
  park
  along
  the
  peninsula
  adapts
  to
 
the
  wetlands,
  the
  objective
  of
  design
  being
  to
  limit
  the
  impact
  of
  the
 
green
  environment
  whilst
  creating
  a
  network
  of
  walkways
  for
  the
 
residence
 to
 connect
 and
 benefit
 from
 the
 natural
 setting.
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Place
 Making
 
• Have
 other
 techniques
 (if
 any,
 except
 above
 questions)
 been
 
incorporated
 in
 urban
 design
 strategies
 for
 the
 UAP
 to
 enhance
 
place
 making
 for
 communities?
 
 

 
Place
  making
  strategies
  that
  enhance
  the
  community
  should
  capitalize
 
on
 the
 assets
 within
 the
 public
 realm.
 
 Its
 inspiration
 should
 come
 from
 
the
  community
  itself
  and
  contribute
  to
  the
  public’s
  health,
  happiness
 

and
  wellbeing
  (Project
  for
  Public
  Places,
  p1).
 
  Public
  art
  and
  interactive
 
open
  spaces
  are
  examples
  of
  place
  making
  strategies
  that
  create
 
community
 involvement
 and
 wellbeing.
 
 
 

 
Public
  art
  is
  located
  in
  key
  focal
  points
  throughout
  the
  residential
 
precincts
 and
 open
 spaces,
 helping
 to
 generate
 community
 identity
 and
 
maximizes
 visibility
 in
 key
 areas.
 
 The
 use
 of
 public
 art
 helps
 define
 areas
 
and
  creates
  a
  sense
  of
  pride
  for
  the
  community.
 
  The
  outdoor
  landscape
 
creates
  community
  interaction
  through
  the
  use
  of
  public
  furniture
  along
 
streets
  and
  walkways,
  outdoors
  dining
  along
  the
  waterfront
  and
 
recreational
 areas.
 
 Built
 forms
 along
 the
 waterfront
 such
 as
 the
 outdoor
 
dining,
  plaza
  and
  rowing
  and
  yacht
  club
  provide
  space
  for
  community
 
engagement
 and
 utilizes
 the
 foreshore
 and
 river
 as
 a
 community
 asset.
 
 
 
 

 
Key
 Recommendations
 and
 conclusions:
 
 

 
Overall
  the
  objective
  of
  providing
  sustainable
  living
  that
  embraces
  the
 
natural
  surroundings
  and
  acts
  as
  an
  extension
  of
  the
  existing
 
surrounding
 activated
 precincts,
 is
 well
 detailed
 in
 the
 Wentworth
 DCP.
 
 
There
 are
 areas
 that
 can
 be
 improved
 to
 provide
 a
 higher
 quality
 of
 living
 
for
 its
 residence,
 which
 has
 been
 outlined
 below;
 
• The
  DCP
  does
  not
  detail
  adequate
  facilities
  for
  community
  use,
 
such
  as
  a
  library
  or
  community
  hall.
 
  A
  library/community
  hall
 
would
  benefit
  place
  making
  and
  community
  engagement.
 
  If
 
height
  restrictions
  permit,
  a
  library
  above
  the
  plaza
  or
  a
 
community
  hall
  within
  the
  maritime
  precinct
  would
  be
  well
 
positioned
 nearby
 the
 school
 and
 around
 the
 activated
 waterfront
 
by
 Homebush
 Bay.
 
 
 
• The
  DCP
  fails
  in
  its
  objective
  of
  being
  an
  extension
  of
  the
 
surrounding
  activated
  communities,
  due
  to
  the
  poor
  public
 
transport
  connectivity.
 
  Connections
  between
  precincts
  can
  be
 
improved
  with
  synchronised
  timetables
  between
  each
  mode
  of
 
public
  transport
  (train,
  bus,
  ferry),
  as
  well
  as
  improved
  parking
 
and
 cycle
 storage
 nearby
 transport
 nodes.
 
• The
  western
  residential
  neighbourhood
  is
  isolated,
  with
  limited
 
connectivity
  to
  its
  eastern
  neighbour.
 
  The
  eastern
  residential
 
precinct
  benefits
  from
  much
  more
  activity
  and
  public
  realms
 
(school,
  wetlands,
  peninsula,
  waterfront,
  etc).
 
  The
  waterfront
 
along
 Parramatta
 River
 could
 benefit
 from
 further
 activation
 such
 

as
  outdoor
  dining
  and
  retail
  that
  makes
  the
  Homebush
  Bay
 
foreshore
 path
 so
 affective.
 
 
 
 
 
• Currently
  the
  only
  sporting
  ground
  that
  exist
  in
  the
  UAP
  belong
  to
 
the
  school.
 
  The
  precinct
  would
  benefit
  from
  a
  shared
 
school/community
  use
  of
  the
  school
  playing
  field
  outside
  of
 
school
 hours.
 
 
• There
 are
 no
 landmarks
 within
 the
 UAP.
 
 Excluding
 public
 art,
 an
 
easily
  identifiable
  physical
  object
  in
  the
  urban
  landscape
  would
 
help
 community
 pride
 as
 well
 as
 act
 as
 a
 point
 of
 reference
 for
 key
 
areas
 of
 the
 precinct.
 
 

 

 
References:
 
1. FAO
 Corporate
 Document
 Repository,
 (1995).
 Planning
 for
 
sustainable
 use
 of
 land
 resources;
 Towards
 a
 new
 approach.
 
Available
 at
 http://www.fao.org/docrep/v8047e/v8047e05.htm.
 
 
(accessed
 30.05.16)
 
2. NSW
 Department
 of
 Planning
 &
 Infrastructure
 (2014).
 Wentworth
 
Point
 Urban
 Activation
 Precinct
 Finalisation
 Report,
 page
 6.
 
Available
 at
 
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/~/media/Files/DPE/Reports/we
ntworth-­‐point-­‐urban-­‐activation-­‐precinct-­‐finalisation-­‐report-­‐
2014.ashx
 (accessed
 23.05.16)
 
3. ARC.
 
 What
 is
 a
 Public
 Realm,
 page
 1.
 Available
 at
 http://www.arc-­‐
online.co.uk/public-­‐realm/what-­‐is-­‐public-­‐realm,
 (accessed
 
20.05.16)
 
4. Local
 Government
 Association
 of
 South
 Australia,
 Public
 Realm
 –
 
Urban
 Design
 Guidelines,
 Page
 23,
 Available
 at
 
https://www.lga.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/Public%20Re
alm%20Urban%20Design%20Guidelines.pdf
 (Accessed
 23.05.16)
 
5. Projects
 for
 Public
 Spaces,
 What
 is
 Place
 Making,
 p1.
 Available
 at
 
http://www.pps.org/reference/what_is_placemaking/
 (accessed
 
28.05.16)
 
6. Jasprizza,
 Roger.
 “Small
 Spaces
 Make
 a
 Difference”
 Landscape
 
Australia
 1999
 Nov.-­‐2000
 Jan.,
 v.21,
 n.4
 (84),
 p.292-­‐294
 
7. Robert
 C.
 Weaver,
 Seymour
 Jr.
 W.
 “Recreational
 Needs
 in
 Urban
 
Areas”
 (From
 Whitney
 North
 Seymour
 Jr.
 An
 Introduction
 to
 Small
 
Urban
 Spaces,
 p3.