STUDI PENGGUNAAN ERIOCHROM BLACK T UNTUK PENETAPAN KADAR ALUMINIUM SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SINAR TAMPAK Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

  DAFTAR LAMPIRAN L a m p i r a n :

  H a l a m a n 1 . N i l a i - n i l a i s e r a p a n S i a n o k o b a l a m i n a p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g maksimum: 2 7 6 , 0 nm; 3 5 9 . 0 nm; d a n 5 4 9 , 0 nm ............................ .. 9 8

  2 . N i l a i - n i l a i s e r a p a n R i b o f l a v i n a p a d a p a n ^ j a n g g e l o m o a n g maksimum. 2 2 0 , 0 nm; 2 6 6 , 0 nm 3 7 1 . 0 nm; da n, 4 4 4 , 0 nm; ................. .. 9 9 3 - N i l a i - n i l a i r P r o d u c t M o m e n t 1 0 0

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  ...................................................................... 1 0 1 5 . N i l a i - n i l a i F p a d a T a r a f S i g n i f i k a n s i d a n ( l a n j u t a n ) ............................................... 1 0 2 6 . N i l a i - n i l a i F p a d a T a r a f S i g n i f i k a n s i

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  d a n ( l a n j u t a n . ) ................... ........................... 1 0 3 7 . N i l a i - n i l a i F p a d d T a r a f S i g n i f i k a n s i

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  dan. 1 ( l a n j u t a n ) ............................................... 1 0 4 3 . S e r t i f i k a t a n a l i s i s S i a n o k o b a l a m i n a ( G l a x o ) ..................... .. ............................................ ' 1 0 5 9 * S e r t i f i k a t a n a l i s i s R i b o f l a v i n a ( R o c h e ) 1 0 6

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• * TINJAUAN FUSTAKA 1 , TINJAUAN TENTANG SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN S I N A R ULTRA V IO LE T DAN SERAPAN S IN A R TAMPAK,

  S p e k t r o f o t o m e t r i a d a l a h s u a t u m e t o d e m e n g g u n a k a n a l a t s p e k t r o f o t m e t e r u n t u k a n a l i s a k u a l l t a t i f d a n k u a n t i t f l t i f . S p e k t r o f o t o m e t r i i n i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n s i f a t f i s i k o k i m i a d a r i z a t y a n g d i p e r i k s a y a i t u d e n g a n j a l a n m e n g a m a t i s i f a t s e r a p a n d a r i m o l e k u l s e n y a w a t e r s e b u t t e r h a d a p e n e r g i d a r i c a h a y a .

  P a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g d a n k a d a r t e r t e n t u , s u a t u z a t ’ a k a n m e m b e r i k a n n i l a i s e r a p a n y a n g t e r t e n t u p u l a , e e h i n g g a , e t o d e s p e k t r o f o t o m e t r i d a p a t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k p e n e t a p a n k a d a r s u a t u z a t .

  A p a b i l a s u a t u m o l e k u l m e n y e r a p s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t , m a k a d i d a l a m m o l e k u l t e r s e b u t t e r j a d i p e r p i n d a h a n t i n g k a t e n e r g i e l e k t r o n . Y a i t u , e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n i k a t a n p a d a o r d i t a l m o l e k u l p a l i n g l u a r m e ' n g a l a m i e k s i t a c i d a r i t i n g k a t e n e r g i e l e k t r o n y a n g l e b i h r e n d a h k e t i n g k a t e n e r g i e l e k t r o n y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i .

  P a d a p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r t a m p a k o l e h s u a t u m o l e k u l j u g a t e r j a d i e k s i t a s i e l e k t r o n p a d a o r b i t a l p a l i n g l u a r da r i t i n g k a £ e n e r g i e l e k t r o n y a n g l e b i h r e n d a h k e t i n g k a t e n g g i e l e k t r o n y a n g l e b i h t i n g g i . A k a n t e t a p i p e r p i n d a h a n d i s i

  5

  n i t i d a k c e j a u h p e r p i n d a h a n p a d a p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a \d o l e t , o l e h k a r e n a e n e r g i s i n a r t a m p a k l e b i h k c c i l d a r i p a d a e n e r g i s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t .

  E l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n i k a t a n d a l a m s u a t u m o l e k u l a d a y a n g m e m b e n t u k i k a t a n t u n g g a l d a n i k a t a n r a n g k a p . E n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k m e n g e k s i t a s i o l e k t r o n p e m b e n t u k i , k a t a n t u n g g a l a d a l a h s a n g a t t i n g g i , k a r e n a i t u s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t y a n g d a p a t d i s e r a p o l e h s e n y a w a - s e n y a v / a i k a t a n t u n g g a l i a l a h s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t y a n g e n e r g i n y a t i n g g i a t a u y a n g p a n j a n g g e l o r a b a n g n y a p e n d e k , y a i t u p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g d i b a w a h 1 9 0 nm. S i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t y a n g p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g n y a l e b i h k e c i l d a r i p a d a 1 9 0 nm d i s e b u t s i n a r u l t r a v l o l e t v a k u m . J e n i s s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t i n i d a p a t d i s e r a p o l e h u d a r a , s e h i n g g a t i d a k p e r n a h d i p a k a i p a d a p e n e t a p a n k a d a r s e c a r a s p e k t r o f o t o m o t r i s e b a b d i p e r l u k a n k o n d i s i h a m p a u d a r a p a d a s a a t p e n g u k u r a n n y a ,

  P e n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t y a n g p a n j a n g g o l o m b a n g n y a l e b i h b e s a r d a r i p a d a 1 9 0 nm d a n j u g a p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r t a m p a k ( 3 8 0 - 7 8 0 nm) d i l a k u k a n o l e h g u g u s a n k r o m o f o r , y a i t u g u g u s a n f u n g s i o n i l y a n g a d a p a d a s e n y a w a - s e n y a v/a o r g a n i k . G u g u s a n k r o m o f o r i n i m e n g a n d u n g e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n i k a t a n d e n g a n e n e r g i e k s i t a s i y a n g r e l a t i f r e n d a h . ( 2 ,

  9 , 1 0 , 1 1 , 1 2 ) 1 . 1 . P r o s e s p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n p e n y e r a p a n e i n a r t a m p a k , d i t i n j a u b e r d a s a r k a n k o n s e p o r b i t a l mo

  6 l e k u l .

  S e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s e r a p a n s i n a r t am p a k t e r g a n t u n g p a d a s t r u k t u r e l e k t r o n i k d a r i m o l e k u l .

  E l e k t r o n y a n g m e n g a m b i l b a g i a n p a d a . p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k o l e h s u a t u m o l e k u l o r g a n i k a d a l a h :

• e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n y a n g s e c a r a l a n g e u n g m e n y e b a b k a n t e r j a d i n y a i k a t a n k o v a l e n a n t a r a a t o m - a t o m d i d a l a m m o l e k u l t e r s e b u t y a n g m e r u p a k a n e l e k t r o n y a n g d i m i l i k i b e r s a m a o l e h l e b i h d a r i s a t u a t o m *
• e l e l c t r o n - e l e k t r o n p a d a o r b i t a l p a l i n g l u a r y a n g t i d a k m e n y e b a b k a n t e r j a d i n y a i k a t a n k o v a l e n a n t & r a a t o m - a t o m d i d a l a m m o l e k u l p e n y e r a p B in a r y a n g t i d a k d i m i l i k i b e r s a m a o l e h l e b i h d a r i s a t u a t o m e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n y a n g d e m i k i a n i t u d i s e b u t j u g a e l e k t r o n b u k a n i k a t a n ( n O n b o n d i n g e l e c t r o n s ) .

  E l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n d i d a l a m m o l e k u l o r g a n i k y a n g m e n g a l a m i e k s i t a s i k e t i n g k a t e n e r g i e l e k t r o n y a n g l . § b i h t i n g g i a d a l a h e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n i k a t a n ■ d a n e l e k t r o n b u k a n i k a t a n . E l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n b u k a n i k a t a n i t u b i a e a n y a t e r d a p a t d i s e k i t a r a t o m - a t o m 0 , h a l o g e n , S , d a n N d i d a l a m s u a t u m o l e k u l .

  B i l a s u a t u r n o l e k u l o r g a n i k m e n y e r a p s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t a t a u s i n a r t a m p a k , m a k a d i d a l a m m o l e k u l t e r s £ b u t a k a n t e r j a d i t r a n s i s i ( p e r p i n d a h a n ) e l e k t r o n a n t ^ r a t i n g k a t - t i n g k a t e n e r g i d a r i b e r b a g a i j e n i s o r b i t a l

  ? m o l e k u l . ( g a m b a r 1 ) S e p e r t i d i n y a t a k a n d e n g a n t a n d a p a n a h p a d a gam b a r 1 , t r a n s i s i * - t r a n s i s i y a n g b i a s a n y a t e r j a d i . p a d a p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k o l e h s u a t u m o l e k u l , i a l a h j e n i s - j e n i s t r a n s i s i :

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  > 6 * ,

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  — > ( 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 ) 1 . 1 . 1 , T r a n s i s i £ — > £ O r b i t a l m o l e k u l i k a t a n y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n t e r j a d i n y a i k a t a n t u n g g a l ( s i n g l e b o n d ) d i d a l a m s u a t u m o l e k u l o r g a n i k d i s e b u t o r b i t a l s i g & a ( < £ ) . E l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n y a n g m e n e m p a t i o r b i t a l s i g t n a d i s e b u t e l e k t r o n s i m a . P a d a j e n i s t r a n s i s i i n i , s u a t u e l e k t r o n y a n g b e r a d a d a l a m o r b i t a l i k a t a n

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  d a l a m s u a t u m o l e k u l ine n g a l a m l e k s i t a c i d a n p i n d a h k e o r b i t a l a u t i i k n t a n y a n g s e s u a i , y a i t u o r b i t a l a n t i i k a t a n 6 , p a d a w a k t u m o l e k u l t e r s e b u t m e n y e r a p s i n a r . S e t e l a h r n e n g a l a m i ek s i t a s i , m o l e k u l t e r s e b u t d i k a t a k a n b e r a d a d a l a m k o a d a a n t e r e k s i t a s i (

  6

  <5 ' ) • D i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n j e n i s - j e n i s t r a n s i s i y a n g l a i n , m a k a e n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k m e n y e b a b k a n t e r j a d i n y a t r a n s i s i 6 6 * a d a l a h b e s a r , s e s u a i d e n g a n e n e r g i s i n a r y a n g f r e k w e n s i n y a t e r l e t a k ^{d i d a e r a h} u l t r a v i o l e t v a k u m . K a r e n a e n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k t r a n s i s i

  6>

  —* <5 a d a l a h b e c a r , d a n m e m e r l u k a n p £ n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t v a k u m , s e h i n g g a j e n i s

  t r a ,

  8 G a m b a r 1 :

  T i r . g k a t - t i n g k a t e n e r g i e l e k t r o n . d i d a l a r a m o l e k u l

  ( 9 )

  9 a rg ±

  s i s i i n i t i d a k a k a n p e r n a h d a p a t d i a m a t i p a d a p e n y p a n c i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d e k a t y a n g p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g n y a 1 9 0 nm - 3 8 0 n m . ( 9 , 1 1 )

  1 . 1 * 2 # T r a n s i s i n — > S e p e r t i d i k e t a h u i d a l a m s u a t u m o l e k u l t e r d a p a t j u g a e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n b u k a n . i k a t a n ( n o n b o n d i n g e l e c . t r o n e ) , y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d e n g a n s i m b o l n . D i s e b u t e l e l c t r o n b u k a n i k a t a n , o l e h k a r e n a . e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n i n i t i d a k i k u t s e r t a d a l a m p e m b e n t u k a n i k a t a n k i m i a af lt ji. r a d u a a t o n d i d a l a m m o l e k u l , J o n i s t r a n s i s i e l e k t r o n i n i d a p a t t e r j a d i p a d a s e n y a w a - s e n y a w a o r g a n i k j e n u h y a n g m e n g a n d u n g a t o m - a t o m y a n g r a e r a i l i k i p a s a n g a n e l e k t r o n y a n g t i d a k d i m i l i k i b e r s a m a . E n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u

• 6

  6, &

  k a n u n t u k t r a n s i s i n i n i p a d a umuranya l e b i h k c i l d a r i p a d a e n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k t r a n s i s i £ , s e h i n g g a t r a n s i s i i n i d a p a t d i t i m b u l k a n o l e h p e n y e r a p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d e n g a n ; p ^ n j a , n g g e l o m

  6 b a n g y a n g l e b i h b e s a r d a r i p a d a t r a n s i s i <5 .

  b a n y a k a n p u n c a k s e r a p a n y a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h j e n i s t r a n s i s i i n i a d a d i b a w a h 2 C 0 nm. E n e r g i y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k t r a n s i s i n 6 * b e s a r n y a t e r u t a m a t e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a j e n i s i k a t a n a n t a r a a t o m - a t o m d a n j e n i s t r a n t u r m o l e k u l n y a . ( 9 , 1 1 )

  ♦ #■ 1 . 1 . 3 * T r a n s i s i n —> d a n t r a n s i s i *"> *T^

  1 0

  U n u t k m e m u n g l d n k a n t e r j a d i n y a k e d u a j e n i s t r a n s i s i e l e k t r o n i n i m a k a d i d a l a m m o l e k u l y a n g m e n y e r a p s i n a r y a n g d i p e r l u k a n a d a n y a g u g u s f u n g s i o n i l y a n g t i d a k j e n u h , s e h i n g g a i k a t a n r a n g k a p d i d a l a m g u g u s a n t e r s e b u t m e m b e r i k a n o r b i t a l i k a t a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n . P u n c a k - p u n c a k s e r a p a n y a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h j e n i a - j . §

• r r * "TT*

  n i s t r a n s i s i n — d a n T £ - f r l|^ i n i t e r d a p a t d i d a e r a h p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g a n t a r a 2 0 0 - 7 8 0 n m ‘ ( d a e r a h s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k ) , s e h i n g g a m u d a h d a p a t d i u k u r d e n g a n a l a t s p e k t r o f o t o m e t e r y a n g b i a s a d i g u n a k a n . ( 9 , 1 1 ) 1 . 2 . P e n g a r u h p e r i s t i w a k o n j u g a s i t e r h a d a p l e t a k p u n c a k sjg r a p a n ( X m a k s i m u m ) .

  B i l a d i p e r h a t i k a n n i l a i - n i l a i p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m y a n g d i s e b a b k a n o l e h b e r b a g a i j e n i s t r a n s i s i e l e k t r o n , m a k a t r a n s i s i e l e k t r o n n y a n g m e m b e r i k a n p u n c a k s e r a p a n y a n g t e r l e t a k d i d a e r a h s p e k t r u m y a n g d a p a t d i d e t e k e i o l e h a l a t - a l a t a p e k t r o f o t o m e t r i u l t r a . v i o l e t dan* s p e k t r o f o t o m e t r i s i n a r t a m p a k , y a i t u d a e r a h a n t a r a 2 0 0 - 7 8 0 _■fcg, n m . J a d i s e o l a h - o l a h h a n y a j e n i s t r a n s i s i n - ^ U j i n i s a j £ l a h y a n g b e r g u n a u n t u k k e p e r l u a n p r a k t i s , s e b a b j e n i s - j.g n i s t r a n s i s i e l e k t r o n l a i n n y a m e m b e r i k a n p u n c a k - p u n c a k s j j r a p a n d e n g a n p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g d i b a w a h n i l a i 2 0 0 nm, y a i t u d i d a e r a h u l t r a v i o l e t va ku m y a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i d e t e k s i o l ^ h a l a t - a l a t s p e k t r o f o t o m e t e r y a n g b i a s a d i g u n a k a n . A k a n

  1 1

  t e t a p i d a l a m k e n y a t a a n n y a , p e r i s t i w a k o n j u g a s i i k a t a n r a n g k a p t e r n y a t a d a p a t m e n g g e s e r k a n p u n c a k - p u n c a k s e r a p a n d a r i d a e r a h p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g y a n g k e c i l k e d a e r a h p a n j a n g g £ l o u i h a n g y a n g b e s a r ( n e n g g e s e r a n b a t h o k r o m i k a t a u p e n g g e s e - r a n m e r a h ) * H a l i n i d a p a t d i l i h a t b a h w a d a l a m s e n y a w a t i . d a k j e n u h . i s e d c r h a n a , y a n g h a n y a m e n g a n d u n g s a t u i k a t a n rar^ _{__ _ j} k a p ( a l k e n a ) , t r a n s i s i l ( ^ - > T | ^ a k a n t e r j a d i d i d a « . r a h p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g d i b a w a h 2 0 0 nm, y a i t u k i r a - k i r a a n t a r a 1 6 5 - 2 0 0

  ♦ n m . A k a n t e t a p i p u n c a k - p u n c a k s e r a p a n i n i a k a n m e n g & l a m i p e r g e s e r a u k e a r a h p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g y a n g l e b i h b e s a r a p a b i l a m o l e k u l n y a m e n g a n d u n g l e b i h d a r i s a t u i k a t a n r a n g k a p y a n g t e r k o n j u g a s i . S u p a y a d u a b u a h i k a t a n r a n g k a p d& p a t d i k a t a k a n t e r k o n j u g a s i , m a k a k e d u a i k a t a n r a n g k a p t e £ s e b u t h a r u s d i p i o a h k a n p a t u saina l a i n o l e h 6 a t u i k a t a n t u n g a l .

  B e r d a s a r k a n k o n s e p o r b i t a l m o l e k u l , m a k a p r o s e s k o n j u g a s i a k a n m e n y e b a b k a n e l e k t r o n - e l e k t r o n i k a . t a n Tj^ n g a l a r a i d e l o k a l i s a s i y a n g b u k a n h a n y a m e l i p u t i d u a p u s a t a t o m s e p e r t i p a d a s e n y a w a t i d a k j e n u h b e r i k a t a n r a n g k a p e& t u , m e l a i n k a n d e l o k a l i s a s i e l e k t r o n n y a a k a n . a e i i p u t i e m p a t ( a t a u l e b i h ) p u s a t a t o m . A k i b a t d a r i d e l o k a l i s a s i i i l l a d a l a h b a h w a t i n g k a t e n e r g i o r b i t a l a n t i i k a t a n menga, l a m i p e n u r u n a n , h a l m a n a a k a n m e n g u r a n g i s i f a t a n t i i k a t a n n y a . H a l i n i a k a n m e n y e b a b k a n t e r j a d i n y a p e r g e s e r a n p u n c a k s e r a p a n k e p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g y a n g l e b i h b e s a r ( p e r g e s e r a n b a t h o k r o m i k ) . P e r i s t i w a b a t h o k r o m i k j u g a a k a n t e r j a d i ap&

  1 2

  b i l a d i d a l a m m o l e k u l p e n y e r a p s i n a r t e r j a d i k o n j u g a s i a n

  t

  t a r a i k a t a n r a n g k a p o k s i g e n d a r i g u g u s a n a l d e h i d a k e t o n d a n k a r b o k s i l a t d e n g a n i k a t a n r a n g k a p o l e f i n ( - C » C~ ) • P e r g e s e r a n b a t h o k r o m i k j u g a a k a n t e r j a d i , a p a b i l a d u a g u g u s a n k a r b o k s i l a t a t a u d u a g u g u s a n k a r b o n i l t e r k o n j u g a e i s& t u s a m a l a i n . N i l a i p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g p u n c a k - p u n c a k s e r a p a n ( p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m ) s i s t i m - s i s t i m y a n g t e r ' / o r ^ j u g a s i s a n g a t d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h j e n i s - j e n i s g u g u s a n y a n g t £ r i k a t p a d a a t o m - a t o m y a n g b e r i k a t a n r a n g k a p . ( 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 ) 1 . 3 . S p e k t r u m s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k *

  S p e k t r u m s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k d i s e b u t j u g a s p e k t r u m e l e k t r o n i k k a r e n a t e r j a d i s e b a g a i h ^ s i l i n t e r a k s i s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k t e r h a d a p m o l e k u l y a n g m e n g a k i b a t k a n m o l e k u l t e r s e b u t m e n g a l a m i t r a i l s i s i e l e k t r o n i k , S i n a r t a m p a k m e m p u n y a i p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g a n t a r a 3 8 0 - 7 8 0 nnw D i d a e r a h s i n a r t a m p a k s p e k t r u m e l e k t r g , j n a g n e t i k p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g s i n a r y a n g r a e n g e n a i m a t a m a n u s i a p a d a u m u m n y a d a p a t d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n p e n g l i h a t a n w a r n a * K a r e n a i t u , m a k a s e r i n g w a r n a d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n y a t a k a n b e r b a g a i d a e r a h d a r i s p e k t r u m t a m p a k .

  S e b a g a i s u m b e r s i n a r b i a s a n y a d i g u n a k a n l a m p u k a w a t w o l f r a m ( T u n g s t e n F i l a m e n t Lamp ) . P a d a d a e r a h s i r - -, n a r t a m p a k , s e l a t a u k u v e t t e m p a t l a r u t a n c u p l i k a n d a p a t d i b u a t d a r i b e r m a c a m - m a c a m b a h a n s e p e r t i k a c a b i a s a , k u a r - s a d a n s i l i k a y a n g d i l e b u r . _{p e r p u s t a k a a n} M l t l K

• - u n i v e r s i t a s a i r l a n g g a
_{_ _ _ _ _ _ -}

  S U K a B ^ ^ ^

  1 5

  S i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t m e m p u n y a i p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g a n t a r a 1 0 0 - 3 8 0 nm. S i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t y a n g d i p a k a i a d a l a h s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d e k a t : 2 0 0 - 3 8 0 nm. S e b a g a i s u m b e r s i n a r y a n g k e b a n y a k a n d i p a k a i a d a l a h l a m p u D e n t e r i u m ( ) d a n p a d a p e n g u k u r a n d i d a e r a h p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g i n i d i p a ­ k a i k u v e t k u a r s a a t a u l e b u r a n s i l i k a . ( 3 > 1 0 , 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 ) l * i f . Hukum L a m b e r t - B e e r •

  L a m b e r t p a d a t a h u n 1 7 6 0 m e n y e l i d i k i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a t e b a l m e d i u m t e r h a d a p i n t e n s i t a s c a h a y a m o n o k r o m a t i s y a n g m e l e w a t i m e d i u m p e n y e r a p ,

  Hukum L a m b e r t : I n t e n s i t a s c a h a y a m o n o k r o m a t i s y a n g d i t e r u s k a n a k a n m e n u r u n s e c a r a e k s p o n e n s i a l , a p a b i l a t e b a l m e d i u m y a n g m e n y e r a p n a i k s e c a r a a r i t m a t i k , Hukum L a m b e r t i n i s e c a r a d i f f e r e n s i a l d a p a t di. t u l i s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : d l

• = k . I d t

  I : i n t e n s i t a s s i n a r p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g t e r t e n t u , t : t e b a l m e d i u m . k : k o n e t a n t a u n t u k a e d i u m d a n p a n j a n g g e l o m ­ b a n g t e r t e n t u .

  B i l a p e r s a m a a n d i f f e r e n s i a l d i a t a s d i i n t e g r a l k a n a k a n d i d a p a t k a n :

  I k

  I I n k • t I o

• k t D e n g a n m e n g u b a h l o g a r i t r a a n a t u r a l m e n j a d i l o g & r i t m a B r i g g s d i d a p a t k a n : I o : i n t e n s i t a s s i n a r y a n g d a t a n g p a d a m e d i u m . I : i n t e n s i t a s s i n a r y a n g d i t e r u s k a n , t : t e b a l m e d i u m .

  I I o » e

  K : 0 , ^ . 3 ^ 3 k , d i s e b u t k o e f i s i e n e k s t i n g 6 i * D a r i p e r s a m a a n d i a t a s d a p a t d i t u l i s k a n s e b a g a i

• Kt

  I o T = t r a n e m i t a n , y a i t u p e r b a n d i n g a n i n t e n s i t a s e i n a r y a n g d i t e r u e k a n d e n g a n i n t e n s i t a s s i . n a r y a n g d a t a n g p a d a s u a t u m e d i u m .

  S e l a i n t r a n s n i i t a n d i k e n a l p u l a k e r a p a t a n o p t i k ( D ) a t a u e k s t i n g o i ( B ) a t a u s e r a p a n ( A ) d a n d i n y a t a k a n d £

  X . = l o . 1 0 - 0 . W W k t = I o % 1 0 - K t b e r i k u t :

  I

  1 0

  T

  1 5

  I o n g a n : D = E = A = L o g

  I K e m u d i a n B o u g n o r B e e r p a d a t a h u n 1 8 5 2 r a e n y e l i d i , k i l e b i h l a n j u t p e n g a r u h p e r b e d a a n k a d a r z a t d a l a m l a r u t a n t e r h a d a p t r a n s m i s e i d a n s e r a p a n s u a t u s i n a r .

  Hukum B e e r : I n t e n s i t a s s i n a r m o n o k r o m a t i s y a n g d i t e r u s k a n a k a n m e n u r u n s e c a r a e k s p o n e n s i a l , b i l a k a d a r n y a w a y a n g m e n y e r a p n a i k s e c a r a a r i t i n a t i k .

  I n i d a p a t d i t u l i s k a n d e n g a n p e r s a m a a n d i f f e r e d s i a l e e b a g a i b e r i k u t : d l

• k*- . I - d c

  A n a l o g d e n g a n hukum T ;• b e r t , a k h i r n y a d i d a p a t k a n p e r s a m a a n : c = k a d a r z a t d a l a m l a r u t a n . G a b u n g a n d a r i k e d u a hukum t e r s e b u t d i a t a s d i k e - n a l e e b a g a i hukum L a m b e r t - B e e r y a n g d i t u l i s k a n e e b a g a i b g r i k u t :

  I I o . 1 0 “ ^ c t

  I _{= “ & c t 1} I o

  I l o g = £ c t = - l o g T

  I o

  1 6

  I o s e h i n g g a : D = E =

  A = l o g ----------- = £ . c . t .

  X

• - U o e f i s i e n e k s t i n g s i c = k a d a r s e n y a w a y a n g m e n y e r a p t = t e b a l m e d i u m llukura L a m b e r t - B e c r i n i m e r u p a k a n d a s a r n n a l i s l e k u a n t i t a t i f s p e k t r o f o t o r a e t r i . ( J+,1 0 , 1 1 ) 1 . 5 . T a h a p a n - t a h a p a n u n t u k p e n e t a p a n k a d a r s e c a r a s p e k t r o - f o t o m e t r i .

  1 . 5 * 1 * P e t n i l i h a n p e l a r u t .

  P e l a r u t y a n g d i p a k a i p a d a s p e k t r o f o t o m e t r i o e r & p a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k h a r u s m e m e n u - h i p e r s y a r a t a n :

• t i d a k m e n g a b s o r b s i s i n a r p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g p e n g u k u r a n s a m p e l - d a p a t m e l a r u t k a n earn p e l .
• d a p a t m e n c r u c k a n s i n a r d a r i d a e r a h p a n j a n g g e l Q m b a n g y a n g d i p a k a i .
• t i d a k m e n g a n d u n g s i s t e m t e r k o n j u g a s i p a d a s t r u k t u r m o l e k u l n y a a t a u t i d a k b e r v / a r n
• t i d a k b e r i n t e r a k s i d e n g a n m o l e k u l s e n y a w a y a n g d i u k u r * - m e m p u n y a i k e m u r n i a n y a n g t i n g g i .

  S e b a g a i p e l a r u t b i a s a n y a y a n g p a l i n g b a n y a k d i p a k a i a d a l a h

  ;

  a i r , e t a a o l , c y c l o h e x a n a , i s o p r o p a -

  1 7

  n o l y a n g m e r u p a k a n p e l a r u t y a n g t r a n s p a r a n p a d a d a e r a h s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t a m p a k . 1 . 5 - 2 . P e m i l i h a n p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g .

  P a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n s e r a p a n m a k s i m u m ( = p u n c a k s e r a p a n ) .

  K u r v a b a k u m e r u p a k a n g r a f i k a n t a r a s e r a p a n d e - n g a n b e r b a g a i k o n s e n t r a s i p a d a s i s t e m k o o r d i n a t C a r t e _ _ s i a n . p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m 0 1 . 5 . 3 . P e n e t a p a n k a d a r z a t t u n g g a l .

  U n t u k p e n e t a p a n k a d a r z a t t u n g g a l s e c a r a s p e k - t r o f o t o m e t r i d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n b e b e r a p a c a r a :

• d e n g a n j a l a n r a e m b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n l a r u t a n z a t s t a n d a r t . D i s i n i d i l a k u k a n p e n g u k u r a n s e r a p a n z a t x ( A x ) d a n s e r a p a n z - a t s t a n d a r t ( A s ) , p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m y a n g s a m a , . K a d a r z a t d a p a t d i h i t u n g d e n g a n :
_{C X ss -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -} A x x C s

  A s C s = k o n s e n t r a s i z a t s t a n d a r t . H a r u s d i u s a h a k a n p e m b a c a a n A x d a n A s n i l a i n y a b e r d e k a t a n .

• d e n g a n m e m b u a t k u r v a b a k u .

  D i b u a t k u r v a b a k u z a t s t a n d a r t p a d a p a n j a n g g £

  1 8

  l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m . D i b u a t l a r u t a n z a t x , a a ^ . t i s e r a p a n n y a p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m y a n g s a m a . Kemudj^ a n d i p l o t p a d a g r a f i k k u r v a b a k u s e h i n g g a k o n s e n t r a _ s i z a t x d a p a t d i k e t a h u i .

  1 (V

• d e n g a n m e m a k a i n i l a i e k s t i n g s i s p e s i f i k _

  iy9

  m a k s i m u m ) . ( H * ) 1 . 6 , P e m i l i h a n d a e r a h p e m b a c a a n .

  A p a b i l a l a r u t a n y a n g k i t a p e r i k s a m e n g h a s i l k a n s e r a p a n y a n g t e r l a l u k e c i l a t a u t e r l a l u b e s a r , m a k a h a l i n i a k a n m e n y e b a b k a n p e n y i m p a n g a n d a l a m p e r h i t u n g a n k a d a r d a r i z a t y a n g k i t a p e r i k s a . D a l a m p e l a k e a n a a n n y a k i t a p e r l u me n g e t a h u i b a t a s d a e r a h p e m b a c a a n d a r i a l a t t e r s e b u t , e e h i n g

  A c g a d a p a t d i u s a h a k a n k e s a l a h a n r e l a t i f ( ----- --— ) y a n g £ e b £ c i l m u n g k i n .

  H a l i n i b i l a d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n h u k u m L a m b e r t - B e e r m a k a :

  A c A A 0 ,Z f 3 Z f 3 . A T c A l o g T . T d i m a n a A T a d a l a h h a r g a e k a l a t e r k e c i l d a r i s p e l t r o f o t o m j g t e r y a n g m a s i h d a p a t d i b a c a . ( = k e s a l a h a n m u t l a k ) .

  B e r d a s a r k a n p r i n s i p t e r s e b u t s e r t a p e r h i t u n g a n

  b

  m a t e m a t i k a l e b i h l a n j u t , m a k a a k a n d i d a p a t k a n p e m b a c a a n & r a p a n o p t i m a l ( = k e s a l a h a n r e l a t i f t e r k e c i l ) a d a l a h p a d a p e m b a c a a n s e r a p a n ( A ) = 0 , . ' . ; 3 ^ 3 a t a u p a d a p e m b a c a a n t r a n s -

  1 9

  m i t a n ( E ) = 3 6 , 8 % . U n t u k a l a t s p e k t r o f o t o m e t e r y a n g inempu

  %

  n y a i h a r g a T = 0 , 2 - 1 , m a k a d a e r a h p e m b a c a a n n y a

  %•

  A = 0 , 2 - 0 , 8 d a n T = 1 5 - 6 5 ( 3 , l ' t , 1 5 , 1 6 ) 2 , TINJAUAN TENTANG BEBERAPA SENYAWA YANG AKAN D I A N A L I S A .

  1 . 1 , S i a n o k o b a l a m i n a , S i f a t - s i f a t f i s i k a K i r a i a : P e m e r i a n ; h a b l u r a t a u s e r b u k h a b l u r ; m e r a h t u a t i d a k b e r b a u ; b e n t u k a n h i d r a t s a n g a t h i g r o s k o p i e * . K e l a r u t a n : a g a k e u k a r l a r u t d a l a n i a i r d a n d a l a m e t a n o l ( 9 5 $ ) P ; p r a k t i s t i d a k l a r u t d a l a m k l o r o f o r m P ; d a l a m e t e r P ; d a ­ l a m a s e t o n P*

  S e r a p a n d a e r a h s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n d a e r a h - s i n a r t a m p a k ; C y a n o k o b a l a m i n a d a l a m a i r m a k s i m u m p a d a 2 7 8 nm ( E ^ m 1 1 9 ) ; 3 6 1 nra ( E ^ m 2 0 ? ) ; d a n 5 5 0 nm ( 4 cm6 3 ) -

  ( 2 , 5 , 1 7 , 1 0 )

  2 0 1 . 2 . R i b o f l a v i n a .

  S t r u k t u r s e n y a w a _{C H i O H} S i f a t - s i f a t f i s i k a k i m i a : P e m e r i a n : s e r b u k h a b l u r ; k u n i n g s a m p a i k u n i n g j i n g g a ; b a u l o r n a h ; r a s a a g a k p a h i t . K e l a r u t a n : s a n g a t s u k a r l a r u t d a l a m a i r , d a l a m e t a n o l

  { 9 5 % )

  P d a n d a l a m l a r u t a n n & t r i u m k l o r i d a . P r a k t i s t i d a k l a r u t da l a m k l o r o f o r m P d a n d a l a m e t e r P , s a n g a t m u d a h l a r u t d a l a m a l k a l i e n c e r . S e r a p a n d a e r a h s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t d a n s i n a r t&m p a k ; R i b o f l a v i n a d a l a m a i r m a k s i m u m p a d a 2 2 2 nm -

  9 i f 2 ) ; 2 6 7 nm ( E ^ m 8 7 3 ) ^J 3 7 1 1 5 nm ( E ^ m 2 7 2 ) d a n / ^ 5

  t m

  ( E

  1 %

  l c m 3 2 ^ ) . ( 2 , 5 , 1 7 , 1 8 )

  3 2

  BAB I I I H A S I L - H A S I L PE N E LITIA N 1 . H A S IL PEMERIKSAAN BAHAN BAKU.

  1 . 1 . H a s i l a n a l i s a k u a l i t a t i f S i a n o k o b a l a m i n a

• P e r b a n d i n g a n s e r a p a n : 3 - 5 9 i 0 nm t e r h a d a p 2 7 6 , 0 nm : 1 , 7 3 ( m e m e n u t ti ) 3 5 9 10 nm t e r h a d a p 5 ^ 9 , 0 nm : 3 * 3 6 ( m e j n e m i h i )

  «

• R e a k s i w a r n a :

  T e r j a d i w a r n a b i r u y a n g r a e l a r u t d a l a m l a p i s a i i b e n - z i l a l k o h o l . ( m e m e n u fri ) o

  P e n e n t u a n t i t i k l e l e h : 3 0 0 C ( m e m e n u M ) 1 . 2 . H a s i l a n a l i s a k u a l i t a t i f R i b o f l a v i n a

• P e n e n t u a n t i t i k l e l e h : 2 7 9 ° C ( m e m e n u M )
• R e a k s i w a r n a :

  T e r j a d i w a r n a k u n i n g p u c a t k e h i j a u a n , b e r f l o u r o s e n s i h i j a u k e k u n i n g a n i n t e n s i f , d a n d e n g a m p e n a m b a - h a n a s a m m i n e r a l a t a u a l k a l i f l o u r o s e n s i h i l a n g .

  ( m e m e nuni )

  3 3 2 * I IA S IL ANALISA K U A N T I T A T I F SIANOKOBALAMINA.

  2 . 1 * P o m i l i h a n p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m * U n t u k i n i t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n d e n g a n me m a k a i d u a m a c a m k a d a r ( 1 6 , 5 ppm d a n 2 7 , 5 ppro) y a n g h a - s i l n y a d i t a b e l k a n p a d a t a b e l I I , k e m u d i a n d i b u a t g r a f i k ( g a m b a r 1 ) .

  TABEL I I N I L A I SERAPAN LARUTAN SIANOKOBALAMINA PADA BERBAGAI MACAM PANJANG GELOMBANG P a n j a n g S e r a p a n p a d a S e r a p a n p a d a g e l o m b a n g ( n m ) k a d a r 2 7 > 5 ppm k a d a r . 1 6 , 5 ppm

  2.50 0 , 1 7 8 0 , 2 8 5 2 6 0

  0 , 1 5 0 0 , 2 4 0 0 , 1 ^ 9 2 6 5

  0 , 2 3 8 2 7 0 0 , 2 5 0 0 , 1 5 7

  2 7 1

  2 .5 k

  0 , 1 5 9 0 ,

  9

  2 7 2 0 , 1 6 2 2 6 0 2 7 3 0 , 1 6 3 0 , 2 6 2 2 7 if 0 , l 6 if

  0 , 2 6 3 2 7 5 0 , 1 6 ^ 0 , 2 6 3 2 7 6 * )

  0 , 1 6 5 , 0 , 2 6 / f r 2 7 7 0 , 1 6 2 0 , 2 6 0 2 7 8 0 , 1 6 1

  0 , 2 5 3 2 7 9 0 , 1 5 8 0 , 2 5 0

  2 .1 $

  2 8 0 0 , 0 , 1 5 5

• ) w p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s im u m

  3k

  P a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g ( n m ) S e r a p a n p a d a k a d a r 1 6 , 5 PPra

  S e r a p a n p a d a k a d a r 2 7 , 5 PP® 2 8 5 0 , 1 3 6 0 , 2 4 8

  2 9 0 0 , 1 1 9 0 , 1 8 9 3 0 0

  0 , 1 0 0 0 , 1 5 9 3 1 0 0 , 0 8 9 0 , 1 ^ 3 3 2 0 0 , 0 8 5

  0 , 1 3 7 3 3 0 0 , 0 8 3 0 , 1

  3 k

  3 4 0 0 , 1 2 6 0 , 2 0 2 3 5 0 0 , 2 0 1 0 , 3 2 5

  3 5 5 0 , 2 5 2 0 , 4 1 0 3 5 6

  0 , 2 6 0 0 , 4 2 3 3 5 ? 0 , 2 7 0 0 , 4 4 0

  3 5 3 0 , 2 7 5 0 , 4 5 4 3 5 9 * ) 0 , 2 8 2 0 , 4 7 0 3 6 0 0 , 2 7 8 0 , 4 6 2 3 6 1 0 , 2 7 3 0 , 4 5 0 3 6 2 0 , 2 6 2 0 , 4 2 2

  3 6 3 0 , 2 5 0 0 , 4 0 2 3 6 4

  0 , 2 2 8 0 , 3 7 7 3 6 5 0 , 2 1 5 0 , 3 6 1 3 7 0 0 , 1 5 5

  0 , 2 5 0 3 8 0 0 , 0 6 9 0 , 1 1 0

  3 9 0 0 , 0/46 0 , 0 7 0 4 0 0 0 , 0 4 1 0 , 0 6 4

• ) « p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m

  3 5

  P a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g ( n m ) vS e r a p a n p a d a k a d a r 1 6 , 5 PPm

  S e r a p a n p a d a k a d a r 2 7 1 5

  P V m

  4 1 0 0 , 0 4 1 0 , 0 6 4 4 2 0 0 , 0 3 8 0 , 0 5 7 ' 4 3 0 0 , 0 3 6

  0 , 0 3 4 4 4 0 0 , 0 3 7 0 , 0 5 6 4 5 0

  0 , 0 3 9 0 , 0 6 0 4 6 0 0 , 0 4 3

  0 , 0 6 8 4 7 0 0 , 0 6 9 0 , 0 7 8 4 8 0 0 , 0 5 5 0 , 0 8 7

  4 9 0 0 , 0 6 0 0 , 0 9 5 5 0 0

  0 , 0 6 7 0 , 1 0 8 5 1 0 0 , 0 7 7 0 , 1 2 5 5 2 0 0 , 0 8 0 0 , 1 3 0

  5 3 0 0 , 0 8 2 0 , 1 3 5 5 4 0 0 , 0 8 4

  0 , 1 3 8 5 4 5 0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 4 6

  0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 4 7 0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 4 8 0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 4 9 * )

  0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 5 0 0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 5 1

  0 , 0 8 7 0 . 1 4 0 5 5 2 0 , 0 8 7 0 , 1 4 0 5 5 3 0 , 0 8 ? 0 , 1 4 0 _s # ) « p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g ma k s i mu m. t

  3 6

  P a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g (nm ) S e r a p a r i p a d a - k a d a r

  1 6 , 5

  ppm S e r a p a n p a d a k a d a r 2 7 # 5 PPra

  5 5 4 0 , 0 8 3 0 , 1 3 8 5 5 5

  0 , 0 8 2 0 , 1 3 4 5 6 0 0 , 0 7 3 0 , 1 1 9 5 7 0

  0 , 0 5 0 0 , 0B 0 5 8 0 0 , 0 2 8 0 , 0 4 5 5 9 0 0 , 0 1 7 0 , 0 2 4

  6 0 0

  _{.■■I 'I . LJi ‘m -i w g f c i a n} 0 , 0 1 0 0 , 0 1 3 P a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g : 2 0 0 - 3 3 0 nm = d a e r a n s i n a r u l t r a v i o l e t . P a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g : 3 t i O - 7 « 0 nm « d a e r a h s i n a r t a m p a k

  3 7

  G a m b a r 2 ; K u r v a s e r a p a n l a r u t a n S i a n o k o b a l a m i n a t e r h a d a p p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g .

  3 8

  2 . 2 . P e m b u a t a n k u r v a b a k u , H a a i l - h a s i l p e n g a m a t a n s e r a p a a n d a r i b e r m a c a m - r a a c a m k a d a r l a r u t a n S i a n o k o b a l a m i n e u p a d a p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m 2 7 6 , 0 nm, 3 5 9 , 0 n m . d a n 5 ^9 , 0 nra d i t a b e l k a n s e b £ g a i b e r i k u t : ( t a b e l I I I , t a b e l I V , t a b e l V )

  TABEL XXI PENGAMATAN SERAPAN. DARI BERMACAM MACAM KADAR SIANOKOBALAMINA PADA PANJANG GELOMBANG MAKSIMUM 2 7 6 , 0 nm

  K a d a r S e r a p a n N o . ( p p m ) 1 . 6 3 , 7 5 0 , 6 5 *

  2 . 5 5 , 0 0 0 , 5 2 7 2 7 , 5 0 3 .

  0 , 2 6 4

• . ■ ,1 6 , 5 0 0 , 1 6 5 1 1 , 0 0 0 , 1 0 6 5 .

  TABEL I V PENGAMATAN SERAPAN DARI BERMACAM-MACAM KADAR

  SIANOKOBALAMINA PADA PANJANG GELOMBANG MAKSIMUM 3 5 9 , 0 nm N o . k a d a r

  S e r a p a n ( p p m ) 1 .

  6 8 , 7 5 1 , 1 7 0

  2 5 5 , 0 0

• ^* 0 , 9 * 1 2 7 , 5 0 0 , 4 7 0 3 .
• . 1 6 , 5 0 0 , 2 8 2 5 . 11 , 0 0 0 , 1 8 2
_{1 B - B . . 1. ~ p.1 , g , l . g . » I - . 1}

  3 9

  TABEL V PENGAMATAN SERAPAN DARI BERMACAM-MACAM KADAR

  SIANOKOBALAMINA PADA PANJANG GELOMBANG MAKSIMUM 5 ^ 9 , 0 nra N o , K a d a r . ■ vS e r a p a n

  ( p p m ) 1 . 6 8 , 7 5 0 , 3 5 7 2 . 5 5 , 0 0 0 , 2 8 5

  2 7 , 5 0 0 , 1 * 0 3,: 4 . 1 6 , 5 0

  0 , 0 8 7 11 , 0 0 5 .

  0 , 0 5 3 P e r h i t u n g a n a d a n y a k o r e l a s i l i n i e r r ( P e a r s o n ) a n t a r a s e r a p a n d a n k a d a r . U n t u k m a k s u d i n i p e r l u d i b u a t t a b e l s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : ( t a b e l V I , t a b e l V I I , d a n t a b e l V I I I )

  D e n g a n m e m a s u k k a n h a s i l - h a s i l i n i k e d a l a m r u raus ( 1 ) , a a k a n d i d a p a t k a n ;

• U n t u k p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m 2 7 6 , 0 nm d i d a f p a t k a n h a r g a . k o e f i s i e n k o r e l a s i ( r ) . = 0 , 9 9 9 3
• U n t u k p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s im u m 3 5 9 , 0 nm d i d a ­ p a t k a n h a r g a k o e f i s i e n k o r e l a s i ( r ) a 0 , 9 9 9 3
• U n t u k p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s im u m 5 * 9 , 0 nm d i d a ­ p a t k a n h a r g a k o e f i s i e n k o r e l a s i ( r ) a 0 , 9 9 9 2 * S e d a n g k a n m e n u r u t t a b e l h a r g a t e r k e c i l u n t u k me n y a t a k a n a d a n y a k o r e l a s i d e n g a n l i m a p e n g a m a t a n , a d a l a h b i l a - r - 0 , 8 7 8 0 p a d a l e v e l o f s i g n i f i c a n c e l i m a p e r s e n , De -

  4 0

  n g a n d e r a i k i a n , a n t a r a k a d a r d e n g a r c s e r a p a n m e m p u n y a i k o r e ­ l a s i l i n i e r y a n g b e r m a k n a . o

  K o e f i s i e n d e t e r m i n a s i r * 0 , 9 9 8 6 , b e r a r t i t e r ­

  %

  d a p a t 9 9 , 8 6 d a r i d a t a y a n g m e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n l i n i e r u n t u k p a n j a n g g e l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m 2 7 6 , 0 nm d a n 3 5 9 , 0 nra d a n k o e f i s i e n d e t e r m i n a s i r » 0 , 9 9 8 4 , b e r a r t i t e r d a p a t 9 9 , B 4 ^ d a r i d a t a y a n g m e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n l i n i e r u n t u k p a n j a n g g e ­ l o m b a n g m a k s i m u m 5 4 9 , 0 nm.

  TABEL V I DATA UNTUK PEMBUKTIAN ADANYA KORELASI ANTARA KADAR DENGAN SERAPAN PADA PANJANG GELOMBANG MAKSIMUM 2 7 6 , 0 nm

  X N o .

  x y

  y

  ( p p m )

  1 . 0 , 6 5 4 4 4 , 9 6 2 ^

  6 8 , 7 5 2 . 5 5 , 0 0 ' 2 8 , 9 8 5 0 0 , 5 2 7 2 7 , 5 0

  3 . 0 , 2 6 4 7 , 2 6 0 0 4 . 1 6 , 5 0 0 , 1 6 5 2 , 7 2 2 5 1 1 , 0 0

  5* 0 , 1 0 6 1 , 1 6 6 0 J u m l a h 1 , 7 1 6 1 7 3 , 7 5 8 5 , 6 9 6 0

  S x 2 = 8 9 0 ^ , 0 6 2 5 y 2 - 0 , 8 1 3 6 0 2 S ( x ) 2 - 3 1 9 5 1 , 5 6 2 ( y ) 2 » 2 , 9 * ^ 6 5 6

  4 1 t a b e l

  ( y ) 2

  1 6 , 5 0 0 , 0 8 7 1 , 4 3 5 5 0 5 . 1 1 , 0 0 0 . 0 5 3 0 , 5 8 3 0 0

  3 . 8 5 0 0 0 . 4 .

  2 4 , 3 4 3 7 5 2 . 5 5 , 0 0 0 , 2 8 5 1 5 , 6 7 5 0 0 3 . 2 7 , 5 0 0 , 1 4 0

  1 .. •• 6 8 , 7 5 0 , 3 5 7 .

  y x y

  X ( ppmi )

  j O nm N o .

  DATA UNTUK- Pi'lMBUKTIN ADAH'/A KORELASI ANTARA KADAR DENGAN SERAPAN PADA PANJANG GELOMBANG MAICSIHUM 5 4 9

  =* 9 , 2 7 2 0 2 5 TABEL V I I I

  £ x 2 = 8 9 0 4 , 0 6 2 5 y 2 * 2 , 5 0 7 9 2 9 5 ( x ) 2 - 3 1 9 5 1 , 5 6 2

  VII • DATA UNTUK P e

  11 , 0 0 0 , 1 8 2 2 , 0 0 2 0 J u m l a h • 1 7 8 , 7 5 3 , 0 * 5 1 5 1 , 7 7 2 5

  1 6 , 5 0 0 , 2 8 2 4 , 6 5 3 0 5 .

  2 7 , 5 0 0 , 4 7 0 1 2 , 9 2 5 0 4 .

  0 , 9 * 1 5 1 , 7 5 5 0 3 .

  . 1 . 6 8 , 7 5 1 , 1 7 0 , B O , * 3 7 5 2 . 5 5 , 0 0

  y x y „

  X ( pDirn )

  ADAI'IYA KORELASI ANTARA KADAR DEKC3AH SSRfrPAH PADA PANJANG GELOMBANG MAKSIMUM 3 5 9 , 0 m N o .

  KBUKTIAN

  . j u n i l a h 1 7 8 , 7 5 0 , 9 2 2 ■ 4 6 , 0 8 7 2 5

  k z

  x 2 = 0 9 0 4 , 0 6 2 5 y 2 = 0 , 2 3 8 6 2 5 ( x ) 2 = 3 1 9 5 1 , 5 6 2 ( y ) 2 = 2 , 9 4 4 6 5 6 2 . 3 . P e r s a m a a n g a r i s r e g r e s i .

  U n t u k m e n g h i t u n g p e r s a m a a n g a r i s r e g r e s i , p e r l u d i b u a t t a b e l s e p e r t i t e r l i h a t p a d a t a b e l X X , t a b e l X , t a b e l X I . K e m u d i a n . d e n g a n m e m a s u k k a n d a t a d a r i t a b e l k £ d a l a m p e r s a m a a n ; ( 2 ) d a n ( 3 ) a k a n d i d a p a t k a n . h a r g a « - h a r / ? a b y a i t u :