The sources of data were divided the two parts; primary sources and supporting sources. The main source is Steinbeck‘s
The Grapes of Wrath
which was consisted of 30 chapters and published in 1939 by The Viking Press with 313 pages. In analyzing the data, the researcher used books and
articles to gain more knowledge or information related to the research questions. In this research,
Theorizing Patriarchy
Sylvia Walby and
The Second Sex
Simone de Beauvoir are main books for supporting the data. In addition, the articles are listed on the reference pages.
C. Research Instrument
According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 222, ―research
instrument is an assistance tool for researcher to obtain the information and to compile and analyze the information into a cohesive report.‖ In this research,
the instrument used the researcher himself. According to Lincoln and Guba in Vanderstoep and Johnston,
2009:188, ―the best instrument for qualitative naturalistic inquiry is the human.― Since this research used human instrument,
the researcher collected, interpreted, and analyzed the data to gain the deep analysis.
D. Technique of Data Collection
In this research, there were several steps to collect the data in
The Grapes of Wrath.
1. Comprehensive reading is the important technique for collecting the data.
The comprehensive reading means reading very carefully in order to understand the plot and meaning in each of an incident in the novel. For
understanding and gaining the meaning, the researcher read the novel many times.
2. Writing all the data. The data which related to Ma Joad were written in a
notebook to make easy in sorting the data later. In addition, the page and the chapter of the data were also written to make easy in finding the data.
3. Reading the theories that had been written in chapter two. The function
of reading theory is to sort the data whether the data were applicable to the theory or not. Moreover, reading theory also confirmed that the sorted
data were in line to the theory. 4.
After the data was sorted, the researcher created a table. Creating the table has function to classify the data. The table has also function to help
analyze the data that had been collected. The table below describes the form:
5.
The Data Sheet
No Datum
Page Meaning
Category Sub-Category
1. Men stood by their
fences and looked at the ruined corn,
drying fast now, only a little green showing
throught the film of dust. The men were
silent and didn‘t move often. The women
came out the houses to 2
Pa‘s warning shows that
women must wait men‘s
leader to lead the family.
Gender Discrimination
Being prohibited to
help her husband leading
the family
