Problem of the Analysis Objective of the Analysis Significance of the Analysis Scope of the Analysis Review of Related Literature

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1.2. Problem of the Analysis

Based on the description above, the problem of this research is stated in the form of question below: “To what extend are the sixth year students in SDN No. 101878 Tg. Morawa able to use personal pronouns?”

1.3. Objective of the Analysis

The objective of this research is to find out to what extend the sixth year students of SDN No. 101878 Tg. Morawa are able to use personal pronouns in sentences.

1.4. Significance of the Analysis

This research is a study on students’ ability in using personal pronouns. It has much positive significance not only for the students, but also for the English teachers in their attempts to improve their teaching and learning techniques of English grammar, especially personal pronouns. Specifically, the significance of this research are stated as follow: 1. It is expected that the result of this research can provide some valuable and useful information about the students’ ability in using personal pronouns for the English teachers so that the teachers can more motivate their students to improve their ability in using personal pronouns. 2. It is also expected that the thesis can be a reference for the other researchers who are interested to research about personal pronouns deeply. Universitas Sumatera Utara 4

1.5. Scope of the Analysis

The scope of this analysis is on the ability of the students of SDN No. 101878 Tg. Morawa in using personal pronouns as subject and object.

1.6. Method of the Analysis

In writing this thesis, I use two kinds of research, namely: library and field research. In the library research, I collect and read some books and thesis which relate to this topic. Meanwhile, in the field research, I use two methods: descriptive qualitative and quantitative. In collecting the data, I use descriptive qualitative method by giving the students a written test in the multiple-choice form on personal pronouns. Djajasudarma 1993:8 stated that descriptive qualitative method is a method that is used to describe the data systematically and accurately. This research does not stop only in collecting and examining the data, but also analyzing it in order to get a conclusion about the sixth year students’ ability of SDN No. 101878 Tg. Morawa in using personal pronouns. And I use descriptive quantitative method to reach it. Hadjar 1996:32 sated that quantitative approach presents the result in description of number.

1.6.1. Population and Sample

The population of this research is the 2007 2008 sixth year students of SDN No. 101878 Tg. Morawa. There are three classes altogether and each class consists of 40 students. So, there are 120 students of the sixth class. Realizing that the numbers are great enough and I will face some difficulties, especially the energy, time, and fund, so I set 25 of them from each class to become Universitas Sumatera Utara 5 the respondents so that the conclusion of that test is accurate. The reason for taking this number based on Arikunto’s idea 1993:120 says that if the population consists of a large number more than 100, the sample can be taken from 10 - 15 or 20 - 25 or more, it depends on the ability of the researcher by considering her energy, time, and funds. The sample is 25 of the whole students from each class, they are, 25 x 40 100 students = 10 students. Therefore, the number of the students who will be the respondents are 3 classes x 10 students = 30 students. It means that the percentage of the sample is 30 x 100 = 25. 120 And in this research, I use random sampling technique considering what Gay 1987:104 says that random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample. The population has the same chance to become a respondent. It is presented by giving the paper to the students. The students who get the paper with the word “congratulation” are the respondents.

1.7. Review of Related Literature

In writing this thesis, I use some thesis that concern to this topic in order to support and make it better. Some of them are mentioned as follows: Das Suryani br. Purba 2007 in her thesis “A Contrastive Analysis of Personal Pronoun Between English and Batak Karo Language” concluded: Universitas Sumatera Utara 6 a. There are some correspondences and non-correspondences of Personal Pronoun between English and Batak Karo language. The correspondences are in the form of personal pronoun indicating person first person and third person, indicating number, in the function of personal pronoun. While the non-correspondences are in the form of indicating person second person and indicating gender. b. In English, personal pronoun indicating third singular person is identified by genders he for masculine, she for feminine, and it for neutral. While in Batak Karo language there is no differentiation of using personal pronoun indicating third singular person. Ia for both masculine and feminine. Suzana Julisty 2005 in her thesis “The Use of Second Personal Pronouns in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare” concluded that: a. The ungrammatical things of “thou” are: to indicate family relationship, to indicate familiarity or intimacy, to indicate abstract object, to indicate the difference of age, and to indicate the difference of social status. b. The ungrammatical things of “thee” are: to indicate family relationship, to indicate familiarity or intimacy, to indicate the difference of age, and to indicate the difference of social status. c. The ungrammatical things of “thy thine” are: to indicate family relationship thy, to indicate familiarity or intimacy, to indicate abstract object thy, and to indicate the difference of social status. d. The ungrammatical things of “ye” are: to indicate familiarity or intimacy, to indicate the difference of social status. Universitas Sumatera Utara 7 e. The ungrammatical things of “you” are: to indicate family relationship, to indicate familiarity or intimacy, to indicate the difference of age, and to indicate the difference of social status. f. The ungrammatical things of “youryours” are: to indicate family relationship, to indicate familiarity or intimacy, to indicate the difference of age your, and to indicate he difference of social status your. Tapiomas Saragih 2004 in her thesis “ A Study on the Ability of the Second Year Students of SLTPN 1 Pekanbaru in Identifying the references of Personal Pronouns” found that: 1. Out of 39 students in her research, none of the students have very good level; 12 students have good level 30,7, 24 students have average level 61,5, and 3 students have poor level 7,7. 2. The total score of the whole students in identifying the references of personal pronouns is 2026. It means that the mean score of the students is 51,95. It falls to average level. 3. Based on the result of the research data analysis and the writer’s statement in chapter 1, this prediction has been proved that the second year students’ of SLTPN 1 Pekanbaru have difficulties in identifying the references of personal pronouns. 4. According to the presentation of the research data that the mean score of the students’ ability in identifying the references of personal pronouns as subject is 53,8 which falls into average level, the mean score of the students’ ability in identifying the references of personal pronouns as object is 66,36 which falls into Universitas Sumatera Utara 8 good level and the mean score of students’ ability in identifying the references of personal pronouns as possessive adjective is 43,7 which falls into average level. Universitas Sumatera Utara 9

2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS

2.1. Definition of Personal Pronouns

Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary 1995:307 defines that personal pronouns is pronoun I, she, you, etc. Michael Swan 1995:424 says that personal pronouns are used when it is not necessary to use or repeat more exact noun phrases. He 1995:430 also states that the words I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, they, and them are usually called ‘personal pronouns’. According to Harper Collin 1993:29, “Personal pronouns is a group of pronouns such as ‘I’, ‘you’, and ‘me’, used to refer back to the people or things you are talking about”. And he adds that you use personal pronouns to refer to yourself, the people you are talking to, or the people or things you are talking about. Homer C. House and Susan E. Harman 1950: 46 defines that a personal pronoun is one which distinguishes 1 the speaker, 2 the person or thing spoken to, and 3 the person or thing spoken of that is, the person or thing not speaking or spoken to. These are called first, second, and third persons respectively.

2.2. Forms of Personal Pronouns

Langan 2003:199 states, “A pronoun must agree in number with the word or words it replaces. If the word a pronoun refers to is singular, the pronoun must be singular; if the word plural, the pronoun must be plural”. Universitas Sumatera Utara