23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and Time of the Research
This research began by doing the observation at school, this research was conducted on February, 27
th
to May, 6
th
2014. The writer took her research at Fatahillah Senior High School, which is located on Jl. Raya Buncit
– Amil No. 67 RT 02 RW 05 Jakarta Selatan.
B. Method of the Study
The method of this study is descriptive qualitative. It is used to describe the students’ errors. First, the writer gave the written test to the students in the
classroom. Second, the writer collected the student’ test, furthermore she analyzed them by describing the precentage of students’ errors in using realtive pronouns
who, whom, which, whose. The last, the writer interpreted the data about what are the types of errors and the most errors that students made.
C. Population and Sample
Population is a significant factor in conducting research. It is the whole subject of research. Based on Encyclopedia of Educational Evaluation in
Arikunto, “A population is a set a collection of all elements possessing one or
more atributes of interest. ”
1
In this case, the subject of the research is the second year of Fatahillah Senior High School with the total number of the students are 146 and are divided
into three classes that is both Science and Social. The writer only took one class, XI Social class, which consists of 24 students.
1
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: Rienka Cipta, 1998, p. 115
D. Data Collecting Technique In this part, the writer used three techniques in collecting the data, they
are: observation, test, and interview. 1. Observation
The writer observed the students’ activity in teaching-learning process.
2. Test
The writer gave the students worksheet to be done based on the writer’s
instuctions. After they finished and collected the worksheet, the writer checked their worksheet.
3. Interview
To meet the reason of students’ error in using relative pronouns, the writer used interview to teacher and to students as the technique.
E. Istrument of the Research
In her research, the writer used a test on relative pronouns as an instrument to obtain the data. The test consists of 25 questions. It is divided into two parts.
First, it consists of 10 questions of multiple choice, asking the students to choose the right one whether A, B, C, or D. Second, it also consists of 15 questions
asking the students to complete the sentences by filling in the blank spaces with the right relative pronouns. The distribution of test and number of each items can
be seen in the table below;
Table 3.1 Kinds of Relative Pronouns and the Number each Items
No. Kinds of Relative Pronouns
Number of items 1.
Who 6
2. Whom
6 3.
Which 6
4. Whose
7 Total
25
Table 3.2 The Number of Multiple Choice Items
No. Kinds of Relative Pronouns
Number of items 1.
Who 2,3,9
2. Whom
5,7 3.
Which 1,6
4. Whose
4,8,10 Total
10
Table 3.3 The Number of Completion Items
No. Kinds of Relative Pronouns
Number of items 1.
Who 2,6,14
2. Whom
1,4,8,12 3.
Which 7,9,11,13
4. Whose
3,5,10,15 Total
15
F. Technique of Data Analysis
To analyze students’ answer in using relative pronouns who, whom, which, whose of adjective clauses, the writer identified the error by using the
formula as below:
2
= x 100
Explanation = Percentage
f = frequency of each error frequency of wrong answer n = sum of the Errors
2
Allan G. Bluman, Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 5
th
edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004, p. 68.
26
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DATA INTERPRETATION
A. Finding
The writer took one class in second year social of Fatahillah senior high school as the sample consisting of 24 students. The writer gave 25-items test
which focused in using relative pronouns who, whom, which, whose. From the test, it is obtained the data of errors which are described as follows.
Table 4.1 Recapitulation of Students Types of Error in Using Relative Pronouns which
Students’ Made of Multiple Choice and Completion Items Students
Name Types of Errors
Omission Addition
Misselection 1
2 3
4
1
1
-
4
2
1 2
6
3
1 2
6
4
1
-
10
5
2 2
11
6
3 1
5
7
1 2
6
8
1 2
8
9
3 -
6
10
2 -
6
11
1 2
7
12
2 1
7
13
3
-
3
14
3 -
5
15
4
-
9
Kategori