family members of people with bipolar disorder.

Practice 1 Read the passage below carefully. After you read, answer the questions that follow. Keep in mind that you will be asked to identify not only the overall main idea but also the main idea of individual paragraphs. [Answers and explanations to all practice questions are located in Appendix A.] Bicycles 1Today, bicycles are so common that it’s hard to believe they haven’t always been around. 2But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn’t even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. 3It was made of wood and didn’t even have pedals. 4Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicy- cle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. 5In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. 6Macmillan’s machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from get- ting worn down. 7He also used foot-operated cranks similar to pedals so his bicycle could be rid- den at a quick pace. 8It didn’t look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. 9In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evo- lution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. 10Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. 11He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. 12Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. 13It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. 14Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the “safety bicycle” would look familiar to today’s cyclists. 15This bicycle had equal sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. 16Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. 17With these improve- ments, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. 18Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 1. What is the subject of this passage?

a. kinds of bicycles b. the history of bicycles

c. how to ride a bicycle d. bicycle safety

– R E A D I N G C O M P R E H E N S I O N S K I L L S – 3 2