CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design
In doing this analysis, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method as Bungin 2007: 68 states the design of qualitative descriptive has a lot similarity with
quantitative descriptive design because it can be called qualitative quasi or quasi descriptive design. It means, this design is not qualitative truly because its form is
influenced by quantitative custom especially place the theory into data that has been gotten. In addition, the writer also uses library research that is used to get theories
toward this analysis. The writer gives test to the students by inserting the correct punctuation
marks in the paragraphs and sentences. The test consists of 161 punctution marks that are needed to insert to. The test is divided into two forms, namely, paragraphs
and sentences. The students are given 60 minutes to do the test. The writer takes data from the third year students of Junior High School of W.R. Supratman 2 Medan.
There are four classes of the third year students which each of the classes contains more than 35 students. Due to the amounts of the students so many so the writer only
takes one class which consists of 38 students.
3.2 Data and Data Source
Data in this analysis are the sentences with the usage of punctuation marks that reconstructed by the students. The analysis toward their test will show where
they make the punctuation errors. The data sources are the insertion of correct punctuation marks in the paragraphs and sentences.
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3.3 Technique of Collecting Data
The writer asks the students to do the test. The test consists of two paragraphs and fourteen sentences where some punctuation marks have to be inserted properly.
The writer calculates the errors that students made and grouped them based on the punctuation.
3.4 Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the writer uses Phyllis Dutwin ‘English Grammar Demystified’ to analyze the punctuation errors. The writer also gives the explanation
which punctuation marks that students should use in the errors of using the punctuation marks, and uses the theory of Jack Richard to identify the kinds of errors
of using punctuation. After that, the writer uses the qualitative data analysis from Miles and Huberman which describe into three processes such as data reduction, data
display, and conclusion drawing and verification. 1. Data reduction
Data reduction consists of the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming the data that appear in written up field notes or
transcriptions. In this process, analyst is suggested to use code for reduce the data.
2. Data display Data display can be showed by piece of text or a diagram, chart, or matrix.
These displays give a way of arranging and thinking about the data. The format of the display depends on the analyst so that the analyst can enlarge the data being have
systematic pattern and interrelationship.
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3. Conclusion drawing and verification In conclusion drawing, analyst has to consider what the analyzed data mean
afterward analyst revisiting the data as often as possible to cross-check or verify the emergent conclusion.
http:www.nsf.govpubs1997nsf97153chap_4.htm In counting the errors, the writer uses Bungin’s theory that can help the
researcher analyzes the research. Furthermore, the frequency distribution is used for the percentage the distribution being clearer can be described by graphic. In Bungin’s
theory Bungin 2005: 171-172 that it is about counting the frequency can be seen by namely formula :
N = Notes :
fx : The amount of each kind of errors
N : The total amount of errors
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Data
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