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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with the review of underlying theory or literature. It is divided into two subsections. They are review of previous studies and review of
theoretical studies.
2.1 Review of Previous Studies
There have been a number of researches concerning with the use of certain media, method, and technique in teaching speaking for High School students. One of the
studies is conducted by Anggrahini 1996, entitled “Simulation as A Technique for Developing Speaking Skill of the Third Year Students of SMU”. In her study,
Anggrahini concluded that simulation could motivate the students to interact with the others trough communication. Thus, it could give them the ability to compete,
cooperate, and communicate actively. By using simulation technique, they got real experience in the adult society to which the students soon belong.
Another study is conducted by Nuraini 2009 about “The Application of Contextual Teaching and Learning CTL for Teaching Speaking at the Seventh
Grade of Junior High School A Case of the Seventh Year Students of SMP Negeri I Mijen—Demak, In the Academic Year of 20082009”. She pointed out
that the application of CTL can be said as an effective way to improve students’ speaking ability because they can be actively involved in the class and study
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together. Later, Nugroho 2009 in his final project entitled “The Use of Communication Activities in Teaching Speaking to Improve Student’s Fluency
In the Case of the First Grade Students of SMPN 7 Batang in Academic Year of 20092010” stated that the use of communication activities significantly improve
the speaking fluency ability of the first grade students of Junior High School since the t-score of computation t = 6.11 was greater than the t-score in the table
between 1.671 and 1.658. Based on all those studies, this study has some differences. Firstly, this
study that discussed simulation technique used quantitative research. Whereas, the Nuraini’s study used qualitative one. Secondly, this research examined broadly
about simulation technique that includes Contextual Teaching and Learning CTL and communication activities in teaching speaking. In other words,
simulation technique is more complex than CTL and communication activities. Finally, this research conducted in Vocational High School.
2.2 Review of Theoretical Studies
