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CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Description Data
Based on the results of the analysis using descriptive statistics, obtained by the following analysis:
Table IV.1 Description Data
Statistics
43 43
43 43
43 43
1.47 44.30
1.58 23.523
2.74 3.07
1.00 44.00
1.00 23.000
2.00 3.00
1 43
a
1 18.0
2 4
.505 3.136
.763 5.9271
1.482 .961
.255 9.835
.583 35.130
2.195 .924
1 40
1 16.0
1 1
2 52
3 34.5
5 4
1.00 42.00
1.00 18.000
1.00 2.00
1.00 44.00
1.00 23.000
2.00 3.00
2.00 46.00
2.00 29.000
4.00 4.00
2.00 49.60
3.00 32.400
5.00 4.00
Valid Missing
N Mean
Median Mode
St d. Dev iation Variance
Minimum Maximum
25 50
75 90
Percentiles NAME OF
HOSPITAL AGE
RACE BMI
SOCIAL CLASS
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
Mult iple modes exist. The smallest v alue is shown a.
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Table IV.2 Description Data Continue
The following results were also obtained data in the form of a histogram, a histogram based image following research categories:
Figure IV.1 Name of Hospital
Based on the above data it is known that there are two basic, namely UKMMC and UMMC. The second highest frequency of hospital UKMMC
are in hospital, 23 patients with osteoporosis.
Statistics
43 43
43 43
43 43
1.26 1.51
1.44 1.79
2.28 2.21
1.00 2.00
1.00 1.00
2.00 2.00
1 2
1 1
1 3
.441 .506
.765 .965
1.161 .833
1 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
4 4
4 3
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 2.00
1.00 1.00
2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00
3.00 3.00
2.00 2.00
3.00 3.00
4.00 3.00
Valid Missing
N Mean
Median Mode
St d. Dev iation Minimum
Maximum 25
50 75
90 Percent iles
EARLY MENOPAUSE
AGE MEDICAL
HISTORY SMOKING
HABI T DRI NKING
HABI T DRUG
HISTORY BMD
NAME OF HOSPITAL
2.5 2
1.5 1
0.5
Frequency
40 30
20 10
NAME OF HOSPITAL
Mean =1.47 Std. Dev. =0.505
N =43
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Figure IV.2 Age
Based on the above data it is known that there were 43 patients with osteoporosis, which ranges from age 40 to 52 years. Of the frequency
obtained an average age of 44.3 years.
Figure IV.3 Race
RACE
3.5 3
2.5 2
1.5 1
0.5
Frequency
25 20
15 10
5
RACE
Mean =1.58 Std. Dev. =0.763
N =43
AGE
52 50
48 46
44 42
40 38
Frequency
8 6
4 2
AGE
Mean =44.3 Std. Dev. =3.136
N =43
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Based on the above data it is known that there are 3 categories of races with osteoporosis, the races of Malaysia Malay, Chinese and Indians.
From the data obtained that the Malay race is in the highest frequency, with 25 persons.
Figure IV.4 BMI
Based on the above data it is known that there are 3 categories of BMI in kgm2, ie, underweight 16-18.5, Normal 18.5-25 and overweight 25-
35. From the data obtained that the overweight category are in the highest frequency, with 19 persons.
BMI
35.0 30.0
25.0 20.0
15.0
Frequency
10 8
6 4
2
BMI
Mean =23.52 Std. Dev. =5.927
N =43
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Figure IV.5 Social Class
Based on the above data it is known that there are five categories of social class, namely Professional, Intermediate occupation, service worker,
Industrial worker and Unemployed. From the data obtained that the occupation is in the Intermediate category of the highest frequency, with 12
persons.
Figure IV.6 Level of Education
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
5 4
3 2
1
Frequency
20 15
10 5
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
Mean =3.07 Std. Dev. =0.961
N =43
SOCIAL CLASS
6 5
4 3
2 1
Frequency
12 10
8 6
4 2
SOCIAL CLASS
Mean =2.74 Std. Dev. =1.482
N =43
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Based on the above data it is known that there are 4 categories of level of education, including Uneducated Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. From
the data obtained that the Tertiary category are in the highest frequency, with 19 persons.
Figure IV.7 Early Menopause Age
Based on the above data it is known that there are two categories of early menopause age, the Early menopause before 45 Yrs. Old and Normal
menopause after 45 Yrs. Old. From the data obtained that the category Early menopause before 45 Yrs. Old were in the highest frequency, with 32
persons.
EARLY MENOPAUSE AGE
2.5 2
1.5 1
0.5
Frequency
40 30
20 10
EARLY MENOPAUSE AGE
Mean =1.26 Std. Dev. =0.441
N =43
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Figure IV.8 Medical History
Based on the above data it is known that there are two categories of medical history, namely Often and seldom. From the data obtained a medical
history that is in the category of highest frequency, with 22 persons.
Figure IV.9 Smoking Habit
Based on the above data it is known that there are four categories of
SMOKING HABIT
5 4
3 2
1
Frequency
30
20
10
SMOKING HABIT
Mean =1.44 Std. Dev. =0.765
N =43
MEDICAL HISTORY
2.5 2
1.5 1
0.5
Frequency
40 30
20 10
MEDICAL HISTORY
Mean =1.51 Std. Dev. =0.506
N =43
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smoking habits, ie, Non-smoker, smoker Light, Moderate and Heavy smoker smoker. From the data obtained that the category of non-smoker is in the
highest frequency, with 30 persons.
Figure IV.10 Drinking Habit
Based on the above data it is known that there are four categories of drinking habits, namely Never, Light, Moderate and Heavy. From the data
obtained that the category of never drinking were in the highest frequency, with 22 persons.
DRINKING HABIT
5 4
3 2
1
Frequency
25 20
15 10
5
DRINKING HABIT
Mean =1.79 Std. Dev. =0.965
N =43
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Figure IV.11 Drug History
Based on the above data it is known that there are four categories of drug history, ie, Glucocorticoids, Antiplatelets Heparin, Warferin,
Antiepileptic Phenytoin, Phenobarbital and Immunosuppressant. From the data obtained that glucocorticoids are in the category of highest frequency,
with 15 persons.
DRUG HISTORY
5 4
3 2
1
Frequency
15
10
5
DRUG HISTORY
Mean =2.28 Std. Dev. =1.161
N =43
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Figure IV.12 BMD
Based on the above data it is known that there are 3 categories of BMD, ie, Low, Moderate and High. From the data obtained that the high
category at the level of osteoporosis of the sample were in the highest frequency, with 20 persons.
B. Result of the Research